压电风扇非定常流场速度分布的数值研究
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摘要
压电风扇利用压电材料的压电特性,将压电材料制成作动器激励薄片振动进而带动周围空气流动,可作为电子设备的散热装置。使用Fluent商用软件,利用动网格技术模拟压电风扇产生的非定常流场。研究振动薄片的振动频率、压电风扇长度(流场长度)以及振动薄片长度与压电风扇长度的比值等参数对压电风扇出口风速的影响。研究表明:增大振动薄片的振动频率、增大压电风扇长度以及在一定范围内增大振动薄片长度与压电风扇长度的比值均能提高出口风速。振动频率与出口风速成线性关系。随着压电风扇长度的增大,出口风速提高得越来越慢。存在一个临界值,当振动薄片长度与压电风扇长度的比值大于该临界值时,出口风速随着比值的增大而下降。
Piezoelectric fans make use of the property of the piezoelectric material. The material functions as an actuator to move the plate so as to make the air around it flow. It can be an active cooling technique for electronics. The software Fluent was used with the moving-grid technique to simulate unsteady flow. The frequency of the vibrating plate, length of the piezoelectric fan(flow field's length) and the ratio of vibrating plate's length to the piezoelectric fan's are investigated to study their influence on the wind velocity at the outlet of piezoelectric fans. The results are as follows: increasing the vibrating plate's frequency, the piezoelectric fan's length, or the ratio of vibrating plate's length to piezoelectric fan's in a certain range can improve the wind velocity at the outlet. There is a linear relationship between frequency and wind velocity at the outlet. The wind velocity at the outlet improves more and more slowly with the increase of piezoelectric fan's length. There is a critical value beyond which further increase in the ratio of vibrating plate's length to the piezoelectric fan's decreases the wind velocity at the outlet.
Piezoelectric fans make use of the property of the piezoelectric material. The material functions as an actuator to move the plate so as to make the air around it flow. It can be an active cooling technique for electronics. The software Fluent was used with the moving-grid technique to simulate unsteady flow. The frequency of the vibrating plate, length of the piezoelectric fan(flow field's length) and the ratio of vibrating plate's length to the piezoelectric fan's are investigated to study their influence on the wind velocity at the outlet of piezoelectric fans. The results are as follows: increasing the vibrating plate's frequency, the piezoelectric fan's length, or the ratio of vibrating plate's length to piezoelectric fan's in a certain range can improve the wind velocity at the outlet. There is a linear relationship between frequency and wind velocity at the outlet. The wind velocity at the outlet improves more and more slowly with the increase of piezoelectric fan's length. There is a critical value beyond which further increase in the ratio of vibrating plate's length to the piezoelectric fan's decreases the wind velocity at the outlet.
引文
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[2]Kimber M,Suzuki K,Kitsunai N,et al.Pressure and flow rate performance of piezoelectric fans[J].Components and Packaging Technologies,IEEE Transactions on,2009,32(4):766―775.
[3]Kimber M,Garimella S V,Raman A.Local heat transfer coefficients induced by piezoelectrically actuated vibrating cantilevers[J].Journal of Heat Transfer,2007,129(9):1168―1176.
[4]Yoo J H,Hong J I,Cao W.Piezoelectric ceramic bimorph coupled to thin metal plate as cooling fan for electronic devices[J].Sensors and Actuators A:Physical,2000,79(1):8―12.
[5]Acikalin T,Wait S M,Garimella S V,et al.Experimental investigation of the thermal performance of piezoelectric fans[J].Heat Transfer Engineering,2004,25(1):4―14.
[6]A??kal?n T,Raman A,Garimella S V.Two-dimensional streaming flows induced by resonating,thin beams[J].The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,2003,114(4):1785―1795.
[7]Ihara A,Watanabe H.On the flow around flexible plates,oscillating with large amplitude[J].Journal of Fluids and Structures,1994,8(6):601―619.
[8]Schmidt R R.Local and average transfer coefficients on a vertical surface due to convection from a piezoelectric fan[C]//Thermal Phenomena in Electronic Systems,1994.I-THERM IV.Concurrent Engineering and Thermal Phenomena,Inter Society Conference on IEEE,1994:41―49.
[9]Wait S M,Basak S,Garimella S V,et al.Piezoelectric fans using higher flexural modes for electronics cooling applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies,2007,30(1):119―128.
[10]Lin C N.Analysis of three-dimensional heat and fluid flow induced by piezoelectric fan[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2012,55(11):3043―3053.
[11]Lin C N.Heat transfer enhancement analysis of a cylindrical surface by a piezoelectric fan[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2013,50(1):693―703.
[12]Gilson G M,Pickering S J,Hann D B,et al.Piezoelectric fan cooling:A novel high reliability electric machine thermal management solution[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,60(11):4841―4851.
[13]Li H Y,Chao S M,Chen J W,et al.Thermal performance of plate-fin heat sinks with piezoelectric cooling fan[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2013,57(2):722―732.
[14]Burmann P,Raman A,Garimella S V.Dynamic and topology optimization of piezoelectric fans[J].IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies,2002,25(4):592―600.
[15]Basak S,Raman A,Garimella S V.Dynamic response optimization of piezoelectrically excited thin resonant beams[J].Journal of Vibration and Acoustics,2005,127(1):18―27.
[16]贾丽杰,李敏,陈伟民.压电驱动器应变传递模型分析[J].工程力学,2010,27(8):205―210.Jia Lijie,Li Min,Chen Weimin.The model analysis of strain transfer in the application of piezoelectric actuators[J].Engineering Mechanics,2010,27(8):205―210.(in Chinese)
[17]朱熹育,王社良,朱军强.基于Sugeno型模糊神经网络的空间杆系结构的压电驱动器主动控制[J].工程力学,2013,30(8):272―277.Zhu Xiyu,Wang Sheliang,Zhu Junqiang.Sugeno-type fuzzy neural network active control of space frame structure based on piezoelectric actuator[J].Engineering Mechanics,2013,30(8):272―277.(in Chinese)
[18]吕诗良,郭少华.结构表面电激厚剪压电驱动器动态特性研究[J].工程力学,2011,28(6):249―256.Lv Shiliang,Guo Shaohua.Dynamic behavior study on electrically excited thickness-shear piezoelectric actuator on the surface of an elastic structure[J].Engineering Mechanics,2011,28(6):249―256.(in Chinese)
[19]Hu H,Clemons L,Igarashi H.An experimental study of the unsteady vortex structures in the wake of a root-fixed flapping wing[J].Experiments in Fluids,2011,51(2):347―359.
[20]谭蕾,谭晓茗,张靖周.压电风扇激励非定常流动和换热特性数值研究[J].航空学报,2013,34(6):1277―1284.Tan Lei,Tan Xiaoming,Zhang Jingzhou.Numerical investigation on unsteady flow and heat transfer characteristics of piezoelectric fan[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2013,34(6):1277―1284.(in Chinese)
[21]刑誉峰,李敏.工程振动基础[M].第2版.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2011:136―144.Xing Yufeng,Li Min.Engineering Vibration[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Beihang University Press,2011:136―144.(in Chinese)
[22]钱翼稷.空气动力学[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004:36―39.Qian Yiji.Aerodynamics[M].Beijing:Beihang University Press,2004:36―39.(in Chinese)