旅游干扰下五台山南台山地草甸的种间关系
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摘要
以五台山南台北方嵩草草甸为例,利用Pearson和Spearman相关性分析,探讨旅游干扰下草甸不同种群的种间关系以及服务景区植被生态恢复。结果表明:同一距离带上,草甸种群种间关系均表现出正相关性,表明其对旅游干扰有相似抗性,且距离愈近,植物种抗性愈强;距离愈远,植物种抗性愈弱。依据不同距离带上Pearson和Spearman相关性分析,17个种群被分为4个生态种组:第1组包括铃铃香青、歪头菜、小红菊和蓝花棘豆;第2组包括北方嵩草、地榆、小花草玉梅、雪白委陵菜、葛缕子和紫苞风毛菊;第3组有紫羊茅和扁蓄;第4组有珠芽蓼、车前、秦艽、斗蓬草和白缘蒲公英。就植物种抗性而言,第3组最强,第1组最弱。优势种群生态抗性由强到弱为紫羊茅、珠芽蓼、北方嵩草,表明北方嵩草草甸急需保护。Spearman相关分析灵敏度高于Pearson,且经前者分析的具有相关性的种对数目高于后者。
The meadow of Kobresia bellardii in the south top of Wutai Mountain was researched in the paper by Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis, and the interspecific relationship of different meadow population under tourism disturbance was discussed for vegetation restoration in scenic spot. The results showed that the positive correlation was showed among interspecific relationships of meadow populations at the same distance belt, which indicated that these plant species had the same ability of anti-tourism disturbance. The closer the distance was from parking lot, the stronger the resistance of plant species was, and the further the distance was, the weaker the resistance of plant species was. According to the results of Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis at different distance belts, 17 populations were divided into four ecological species groups. The first species group includes Anaphalis hancockii, Vicia unijuga, Dendranthema chanetii and Oxytropis caerulea whose ability of anti-tourism disturbance was the worst. The second species group includes Kobresia bellardii, Sanguisorba officinalis, Anemone rivularis var. flore-minore, Potentilla nivea, Carum carvi and Saussurea purpurascens. The third species group includes Festuca rubra and Polygonum aviculare whose ability of anti-tourism disturbance was the strongest. The fourth species group includes Polygonum viviparum, Plantago asiatica, Gentiana macrophylla, Alchemilla japonica and Taraxacum platypecidum. The resistance of dominant plant population from strong to weak against tourism disturbance was Festuca rubra, Polygonum viviparum, Kobresia bellardii, which indicated that the meadow of Kobresia bellardii should be protected. Comparing the two results of Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis, it could be seen that the number of correlative species pair was much lower in the former than that in the latter, which indicated a higher sensitivity by Spearman.
The meadow of Kobresia bellardii in the south top of Wutai Mountain was researched in the paper by Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis, and the interspecific relationship of different meadow population under tourism disturbance was discussed for vegetation restoration in scenic spot. The results showed that the positive correlation was showed among interspecific relationships of meadow populations at the same distance belt, which indicated that these plant species had the same ability of anti-tourism disturbance. The closer the distance was from parking lot, the stronger the resistance of plant species was, and the further the distance was, the weaker the resistance of plant species was. According to the results of Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis at different distance belts, 17 populations were divided into four ecological species groups. The first species group includes Anaphalis hancockii, Vicia unijuga, Dendranthema chanetii and Oxytropis caerulea whose ability of anti-tourism disturbance was the worst. The second species group includes Kobresia bellardii, Sanguisorba officinalis, Anemone rivularis var. flore-minore, Potentilla nivea, Carum carvi and Saussurea purpurascens. The third species group includes Festuca rubra and Polygonum aviculare whose ability of anti-tourism disturbance was the strongest. The fourth species group includes Polygonum viviparum, Plantago asiatica, Gentiana macrophylla, Alchemilla japonica and Taraxacum platypecidum. The resistance of dominant plant population from strong to weak against tourism disturbance was Festuca rubra, Polygonum viviparum, Kobresia bellardii, which indicated that the meadow of Kobresia bellardii should be protected. Comparing the two results of Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis, it could be seen that the number of correlative species pair was much lower in the former than that in the latter, which indicated a higher sensitivity by Spearman.
引文
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[12] 岳建英,刘天慰,赵邑,等. 五台山野生花卉资源及其利用的探讨[J].河南科学,1999,17(s1):128-130.
[13] 聂二保,上官铁梁,张金屯,等. 山西五台山蓝花棘豆群落的多样性研究[J].草业科学,2006,23(4): 3-7.
[14] 闫美芳,上官铁梁,张金屯,等. 五台山蓝花棘豆群落优势种群生态位研究[J].草业学报,2006,15(2):60-67.
[15] 曹杨,上官铁梁,张金屯,等. 山西五台山蓝花棘豆群落的数量分类和排序[J].植物资源与环境学报,2005,14(3):1-6.
[16] 牛莉芹,程占红,张峰. 五台山草甸多样性分析[J].干旱区研究,2010,27(4):573-577.
[17] 牛莉芹,程占红. 五台山旅游活动对山地草甸β多样性的影响[J].干旱区研究, 2011, 28(5): 826-831.
[18] 程占红,牛莉芹.五台山南台旅游活动对山地草甸优势种群格局的影响[J].生态学报, 2008, 28(1): 416-422.
[19] 程占红, 张金屯, 张峰. 不同旅游干扰下草甸种群生态优势度的差异[J].西北植物学报, 2004, 24(8): 1476-1479.
[20] 张峰,上官铁梁. 山西翅果油树群落种间关系的数量分析[J].植物生态学报,2000,24(3): 351-355.
[2] PICKERING C M, HILL W. Impacts of recreation and tourism on plant biodiversity and vegetation in protected areas in Australia [J].Journal of Environmental Management, 2007, 85(4): 791-800.
[3] QUEIROZ R E, VENTURA M A, SILVA L. Plant diversity in hiking trails crossing natura 2000 areas in the Azores: implications for tourism and nature conservation [J].Biodiversity & Conservation, 2014, 23(6): 1347-1365.
[4] GAIROLA S, RAWAL R S, TODARIA N P. Effect of anthropogenic disturbance on vegetation characteristics of sub-alpine forests in and around Valley of Flowers National Park, a world heritage site of India [J].Tropical Ecology, 2015, 56(3): 357-365.
[5] ZHANG J T, XU B, LI M. Vegetation patterns and species diversity along elevational and disturbance gradients in the Baihua Mountain Reserve, Beijing, China [J].Mountain Research and Development, 2013, 33(2): 170-178.
[6] 樊文华,郭先龙,池宝亮,等. 五台山草地自然保护区草地资源的开发利用[J].中国草地,1999(2): 13-16.
[7] 程占红. 生态旅游的生态效应及其管理研究[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,2015.
[8] 张金屯. 五台山植被类型及分布[J].山西大学学报(自然科学版),1986,9(2): 87-91.
[9] 张金屯,米湘成,郑凤英,等. 五台山亚高山草甸群落生态关系分析[J].草地学报,1997,5(3): 181-186.
[10] 张金屯,米湘成,张峰,等. 五台山亚高山草甸小格局分析[J].应用与环境生物学报,1998,4(1):20-23.
[11] 张金屯. 山西省五台山嵩草(Kobresia)草甸的初步研究[J].山西大学学报(自然科学版),1989, 12(3): 353-360.
[12] 岳建英,刘天慰,赵邑,等. 五台山野生花卉资源及其利用的探讨[J].河南科学,1999,17(s1):128-130.
[13] 聂二保,上官铁梁,张金屯,等. 山西五台山蓝花棘豆群落的多样性研究[J].草业科学,2006,23(4): 3-7.
[14] 闫美芳,上官铁梁,张金屯,等. 五台山蓝花棘豆群落优势种群生态位研究[J].草业学报,2006,15(2):60-67.
[15] 曹杨,上官铁梁,张金屯,等. 山西五台山蓝花棘豆群落的数量分类和排序[J].植物资源与环境学报,2005,14(3):1-6.
[16] 牛莉芹,程占红,张峰. 五台山草甸多样性分析[J].干旱区研究,2010,27(4):573-577.
[17] 牛莉芹,程占红. 五台山旅游活动对山地草甸β多样性的影响[J].干旱区研究, 2011, 28(5): 826-831.
[18] 程占红,牛莉芹.五台山南台旅游活动对山地草甸优势种群格局的影响[J].生态学报, 2008, 28(1): 416-422.
[19] 程占红, 张金屯, 张峰. 不同旅游干扰下草甸种群生态优势度的差异[J].西北植物学报, 2004, 24(8): 1476-1479.
[20] 张峰,上官铁梁. 山西翅果油树群落种间关系的数量分析[J].植物生态学报,2000,24(3): 351-355.