空间超大视场相机速度失配对成像质量的影响
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摘要
空间超大视场时间延迟积分电荷耦合器件(TDI-CCD)相机能在提高观测刈幅的同时有效提高相机灵敏度,然而在其遥感过程中,由于存在地球曲率,导致相机边缘视场地面分辨率退化严重。在分析空间超大视场相机成像的基础上,推导出空间超大视场相机在不同视场位置速度失配比和调制传递函数(MTF)的计算公式。并以某空间超大视场相机为例,分析了TDI-CCD探测器统一和分片调整行转移周期对成像质量的影响。分析实验结果表明,以MTF在空间奈奎斯特频率处下降不超过10%为约束条件,在TDI-CCD积分阶数为4阶时,当空间超大视场相机总视场不超过55?时,可以采用统一调整探测器行转移周期的方法进行像移补偿;当空间超大视场相机总视场达到120?时,采用分片调整行转移周期的方法可将满足要求的像元视场从47.8%提高到86.5%。
Space charge-coupled device time delay integration(TDI-CCD) camera with huge FOV can improve the observation swath and the camera sensitivity effectively. But during the imaging process of space camera with huge field of view, because of the curvature of the earth, the edge field resolution of camera reduced. It is derived that formula for calculating speed mismatch ratio and Modulation Transfer Function(MTF) of space camera with huge field of view in a different field position. The influence on TDI-CCD detector imaging quality by adjusting row transfer periods uniformly and separately in a camera with a space huge field of view is analyzed. The results of experiments and analysis suggest when the falling of MTF no more than 10% in spatial Nyquist frequency, the integration time is 4, adjusting row transfer periods uniformly can be used with the huge field no more than 55? for image motion compensation, when the total huge field reach 120?, the field of view pixels witch meet the requirements increase from 47.8% to 86.5% when adjusting row transfer periods separately.
Space charge-coupled device time delay integration(TDI-CCD) camera with huge FOV can improve the observation swath and the camera sensitivity effectively. But during the imaging process of space camera with huge field of view, because of the curvature of the earth, the edge field resolution of camera reduced. It is derived that formula for calculating speed mismatch ratio and Modulation Transfer Function(MTF) of space camera with huge field of view in a different field position. The influence on TDI-CCD detector imaging quality by adjusting row transfer periods uniformly and separately in a camera with a space huge field of view is analyzed. The results of experiments and analysis suggest when the falling of MTF no more than 10% in spatial Nyquist frequency, the integration time is 4, adjusting row transfer periods uniformly can be used with the huge field no more than 55? for image motion compensation, when the total huge field reach 120?, the field of view pixels witch meet the requirements increase from 47.8% to 86.5% when adjusting row transfer periods separately.
引文
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[2]徐茜,苗丽峰,王跃明,等.8192元TDI-CCD相机信噪比的深入分析[J].红外技术,2008,30(12):683-687.XU qian,MIAO Lifeng,WANG Yueming.In-depth analysis of TDI-CCDimage sensor[J].Infrared Technology,2008,30(12):683-687
[3]武星星,刘金国,周怀德.应用地球椭球的大视场空间像移补偿[J].光学学报,2013,33(5):0528001.WU Xingxing,LIU Jinguo,ZHOU Huaide.Image motion compensation of space camera with large field of view using earth ellipsoid[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2013,33(5):0528001.
[4]姚呈康,李庆辉,胡琳.星载遥感相机像移分析[J].红外与激光工程,2009,38(5):901-904.YAO Chengkang,LI Qinghui,HU Lin.Analysis of image motion of satellite remote sensing camera[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2009,38(5):901-904
[5]杨桦,朱永红,焦文春,等.TDI-CCD成像的速度同步分析和实验[J].航天返回与遥感,2003,24(1):38-42.YANG Hua,ZHU Yonghong,JIAO Wenchun,et al.Imaging speed synchronization analysis and testing of TDI-CCD[J].Returns and Remote Sensing Space,2003,24(1):38-42.
[6]王家骐,于平,颜昌翔,等.航天光学遥感器像移速度矢量计算数学模型[J].光学学报,2004,24(12):1585-1589.WANG Jiaqi,YU Ping,YAN Changxiang,et al.Space optical sensor image motion velocity vector computational modeling[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2004,24(12):1585-1589.
[7]颜昌翔,王家骐.航相机像移补偿计算的坐标变换方法[J].光学精密工程,2000,8(3):203-209.YAN Changxiang,WANG Jiaqi.Method of coordinate transformation for IM&IMC calculation in aerospace camera system[J].Optica Precision Engineering,2000,8(3):203-209.
[8]孔德柱,刘金国,吕世良,等.空间相机像移速度计算方法及DSP实现[J].光学精密工程,2009,17(8):1935-1941.KONG Dezhu,LIU Jinguo,LYU Shiliang,et al.Calculation method for image motion speed of space camera and DSP-based implementation[J].Optica Precision Engineering,2009,17(8):1935-1941.
[9]林明汉,胡贤龙,黄星,等.大视场CMOS相机图像的畸变校正[J].科学技术与工程,2009,9(18):5508-5510.LIN Minghan,HU Xianlong,HUANG Xing,et al.Image distortion correction of COMS camera with large field[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2009,9(18):5508-5510.
[10]程少园,张丽,高卫军,等.大视场空间相机侧摆成像时几何参数分析[J].红外与激光工程,2015,44(6):1872-1877.CHENG Shaoyuan,ZHANG Li,GAO Weijun,et al.Geometric parameters analysis of large FOV space camera when rolling[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2015,44(6):1872-1877.
[11]王翀,尤政,邢飞,等.大视场空间遥感相机的像速场及图像传感器的曝光积分控制[J].光学学报,2013,33(5):0511002.WANG Chong,YOU Zheng,XING Fei,et al.Image motion velocity field for wide view remote sensing camera and detector exposure integration control[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2013,33(5):0511002.
[12]李国宁,韩双丽,张宇,等.TDICCD相机大姿态角推到成像行频精确匹配[J].电子测量技术,2015,38(6):73-79.LI Guoning,HAN Shuangli,ZHANG Yu,et al.Exact matching for row frequency of TDICCD camera under the big attitude angle scanning imaging[J].Electronic Measurement Technology,2015,38(6):73-79.
[13]Felt J C,Karim M A.Modulation transfer function of charge couple devices[J].Appl.Opt.,1990,29(5):717-722.
[14]Wong H S,Yao Y L,Schlig E S.TDI charge-coupled devices:design and application[J].J.Research and Development,1992,36(1):83-105.