Basic formation mechanisms of Lake Doroninskoye soda water,East Siberia,Russia
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摘要
The primary scientific goal of studying salt lakes is to better understand the formation of small continentaltype hydrogeochemical systems. Many scientists have attributed the metamorphism of the chemical composition of salt lakes to the evaporative concentration of water. However, the formation of soda water is inconsistent with this hypothesis. Thus, analyzing intrabasinal biochemical processes and water—rocks interactions during the evaporative concentration of water allows us to understand the major mechanisms of the formation and evolution of water compositions. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to identify the key processes involved in the formation of the chemical composition of the water in Lake Doroninskoye. An analysis of the distribution of major components shows that Na~+,HCO~-_3, CO~(2-)_3, and Cl-are dominant in this water. High concentrations of these elements are the result of evaporative water concentration. Calcium, magnesium, and potassium are not accumulated because the water is saturated in minerals containing these elements. The main barrier to the growth of the sulfate content of water is sulfate reduction.This process also contributes to the additional reproduction of carbon dioxide, which reacts with the products of the hydrolysis of aluminosilicates OH-to form HCO~-_3 and CO~(2-)_3, thus further contributing to the natural processes of soda formation.
The primary scientific goal of studying salt lakes is to better understand the formation of small continentaltype hydrogeochemical systems. Many scientists have attributed the metamorphism of the chemical composition of salt lakes to the evaporative concentration of water. However, the formation of soda water is inconsistent with this hypothesis. Thus, analyzing intrabasinal biochemical processes and water—rocks interactions during the evaporative concentration of water allows us to understand the major mechanisms of the formation and evolution of water compositions. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to identify the key processes involved in the formation of the chemical composition of the water in Lake Doroninskoye. An analysis of the distribution of major components shows that Na~+,HCO~-_3, CO~(2-)_3, and Cl-are dominant in this water. High concentrations of these elements are the result of evaporative water concentration. Calcium, magnesium, and potassium are not accumulated because the water is saturated in minerals containing these elements. The main barrier to the growth of the sulfate content of water is sulfate reduction.This process also contributes to the additional reproduction of carbon dioxide, which reacts with the products of the hydrolysis of aluminosilicates OH-to form HCO~-_3 and CO~(2-)_3, thus further contributing to the natural processes of soda formation.
The primary scientific goal of studying salt lakes is to better understand the formation of small continentaltype hydrogeochemical systems. Many scientists have attributed the metamorphism of the chemical composition of salt lakes to the evaporative concentration of water. However, the formation of soda water is inconsistent with this hypothesis. Thus, analyzing intrabasinal biochemical processes and water—rocks interactions during the evaporative concentration of water allows us to understand the major mechanisms of the formation and evolution of water compositions. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to identify the key processes involved in the formation of the chemical composition of the water in Lake Doroninskoye. An analysis of the distribution of major components shows that Na~+,HCO~-_3, CO~(2-)_3, and Cl-are dominant in this water. High concentrations of these elements are the result of evaporative water concentration. Calcium, magnesium, and potassium are not accumulated because the water is saturated in minerals containing these elements. The main barrier to the growth of the sulfate content of water is sulfate reduction.This process also contributes to the additional reproduction of carbon dioxide, which reacts with the products of the hydrolysis of aluminosilicates OH-to form HCO~-_3 and CO~(2-)_3, thus further contributing to the natural processes of soda formation.
引文
Alekin OA(1970)Basics of hydrochemistry.Gidrometeo Publishing House,Leningrad,p 443(In Russian)
Aubrey LZ,Kamyshny A Jr,Lee RK,Farquhar J,Oduro H,Arthur MA(2010)Sulfur cycling in a stratified euxinic lake with moderately high sulfate:constraints from quadruple S isotopes.Geochim Cosmochim Acta 74(17):4953-4970.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.06.015
Borzenko SV(2012)Geochemistry and formation of soda waters of Lake Doroninskoye(Eastern Transbaikalia).Dissertation,Tomsk Polytechnic University
Borzenko SV(2014)Mechanism and hydrogeochemical conditions of the gaylussite formation in the Doroninskaya group lakes,Eastern Transbaikal region.Geochem Int 52(7):608-612.https://doi.org/10.1134/2FS0016702914050024
Borzenko SV,Zamana LV(2011)Reduced forms of sulfur in the brine of saline-soda Lake Doroninskoye,Eastern Transbaikal region.Geochem Int 49(3):253-261.https://doi.org/10.1134/2FS0016702911030037
Borzenko SV,Zamana LV,Buryuhaev SP(2014)Isotopic composition of dissolved carbonates as a reflection of abiogenous and biogenic processes occurring in the water layer of Lake Doroninskoye.Dev Life During Abiotic Changes World3:319-323
Borzenko SV,Zamana LV,Noskova EV(2015)Meromixis of Lake Doroninskoye(Eastern Transbaikalia).Success Mod Sci1-3:420-425
Bukaty MB(2002)Development of software for solving of hydrogeological problems.Izvestiya TPU 305(6):348-365
Buseyev AI,Simonova LN(1975)Analytical chemistry of sulfur.Nauka,Moscow,p 271(In Russian)
Cloern JE,Cole BE,Oremland RS(1983)Autotrophic processes in meromictic Big Soda Lake,Nevada.Limnol Oceanogr28:1049-1061
Fomin GS(1995)Water.Control of chemical,bacterial and radiation safety according to international standards.Encyclopedic reference book,2nd edn.Protector Publishing House,Moscow,p 624(In Russian)
Galimov EM(1968)Geochemistry of stable carbon isotopes.Nedra Publishing House,Moscow,p 226(In Russian)
Gorlenko VM(2007)Anoxic phototrophic bacteria of soda lakes.In:Proceedings of the Institute of Microbiology named after SNVinogradskiy.Moscow.p 225-257(In Russian)
Gorlenko VM,Namsaraev ZB,Bryantseva IA,Boldareva EN,Sorokin DYu,Buryukhaev SP,Namsaraev BB,Matyugina EB,Borzenko SV(2010)Microbial communities of the stratified soda Lake Doroninskoye(Ttransbaikal region).Microbiology79(3):390-401.https://doi.org/10.1134/2FS0026261710030161
Hardy JA,Hamilton WA(1981)The oxygen tolerance of sulfate reducing bacteria isolated from North Sea waters.Curr Microbiol 6:259-262
Humayoun SB,Bano N,Hollibaugh JT(2003)Depth distribution of microbial diversity in Mono Lake,a meromictic soda lake in California.Appl Environ Microbiol 69(2):1030-1042
Mac Intyre S,Melack JM(1982)Meromixis in an equatorial African soda lake.Limnol Oceanogr 27:595-609
Matyugina EB,Belkova NL(2015)Peculiarities of the distribution and diversity of microbial communities in meromictic soda Lake Doroninskoye(Transbaikalia,Russia)during the winter season.Chin J Oceanol Limnol 33(6):1378-1390.https://doi.org/10.1007/2Fs00343-015-4355-8
Namsaraev BB(2009)Brackish and salt lakes of Transbaikalia:hydrochemistry,biology.Publishing House of the Buryat State University,Ulan-Ude,p 340(In Russian)
Novikov Yu V,Lastochkina KO,Boldina ZN(1990)Methods for studying water quality in reservoirs.Medicine,Moscow,p 400
Parkhurst DL,Appelo CAJ(2013)Description of input and examples for PHREEQC version 3 A computer program for speciation,batch-reaction,one-dimensional transport,and inverse geochemical calculations.U.S.Geological Survey,Denver,Colorado
Posokhov EV(1981)Chemical evolution of hydrosphere.Gidrometeo Publishing House,Leningrad,p 286
Serebrennikova NV,Jurgenson GA(2010)Composition and formation conditions of sediments in the Doroninskoye soda lake(Eastern Transbaikalia).Lithol Min Resour 45(5):486-494.https://doi.org/10.1134/S0024490210050068
Shvartsev SL(1982)Formation of concentrated brines from the perspective of the equilibrium theory in the water-rock system.Fundamentals of hydrogeology.Hydrogeochemistry.Nauka,Novosibirsk,pp 206-210(In Russian)
Shvartsev SL(1998)Hydrogeochemistry of hypergenesis zone.Nedra Publishing House,Moscow,p 366(In Russian)
Shvartsev SL(2004)Soda waters as a mirror of the contradictions in modern hydrogeochemistry.Fundamental problems of hydrogeochemistry.NTL Publishing House,Tomsk,pp 70-75(In Russian)
Shvartsev SL(2008)Geochemistry of fresh groundwater in the main landscape zones of the Earth.Geochem Int 46(13):1285-1398.https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016702908130016
Shvartsev SL,Wang Y(2006)Geochemistry of sodic waters in the Datong Intermountain Basin,Shanxi Province,Northwestern China.Geochem Int 44(10):1015-1026.https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016702906100065
Shvartsev SL,Ryzhenko BN,Alekseev VA,Dutova EM,Kondratieva IA,Kopylova Yu G,Lepokurova OE(2007)Geological evolution and self-organization of the water-rock system,vol 2.Publishing House of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,Novosibirsk,p 389
Shvartsev SL,Kolpakova MN,Isupov VP,Vladimirov AG,Ariunbileg S(2014)Geochemistry and chemical evolution of saline lakes of Western Mongolia.Geochem Int 52(5):388-403.https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016702914030070
Sorokin DYu,Gorlenko VM et al(2002)Thioalkalimicrobiumcyclum sp.nov.and Thioalkalivibriojannaschii sp.nov.new species of alkaliphilic,obligately chemolithoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria from a hypersaline alkaline Mono Lake(California).Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52:913-920.https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-52-3-913
Valyashko MG(1962)Geochemical regularities of formation of potash salt deposits.MGU,Moscow,p 397(In Russian)
Vlasov NA,Chernyshev LA,Pavlova LI(1961)Description of mineral lakes.In:Tkachuk VG,Tolstikhin NI(eds)Mineral waters of the southern part of Eastern Siberia.Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR,Moscow,pp 193-240
Volkov II(1990)Elemental sulfur in the water of the Black Sea.Proc Acad Sci USSR 315(1):201-205
Volkov II,Zhabina NN(1990)Method for determination of the sulfur compounds in brine water.Okeanologiya 90(5):778-782
Zakharyuk AG(2010)Distribution and activity of alkaliphilic sulfate and iron reducing bacteria in soda lakes of Transbaikalia.Dissertation,Buryat State University,Ulan-Ude
Zamana LV,Borzenko SV(2010)Hydrochemical regime of saline lakes in the Southeastern Transbaikalia.Geogr Nat Resour31(4):370-376.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gnr.2010.11.011
Zamana LV,Borzenko SV(2011)Elemental sulfur in the brine of Lake Doroninskoye(Eastern Transbaikalia).Proc Earth Sci438(2):775-778.https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X11060134
Zamana LV,Borzenko SV(2014)Isotopic composition of dissolved carbonates meromictic soda lake doroninskoe(Eastern Transbaikalia,Russia).Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)88(S1):395-397
Zavarzin GA,Zilina TN(2000)Soda Lakes-ancient biosphere model of the world.Priroda 2:45-53
Zheng Mianping(2014)Saline lakes and salt basin deposits in China.Science Press,Beijing,p 321
Aubrey LZ,Kamyshny A Jr,Lee RK,Farquhar J,Oduro H,Arthur MA(2010)Sulfur cycling in a stratified euxinic lake with moderately high sulfate:constraints from quadruple S isotopes.Geochim Cosmochim Acta 74(17):4953-4970.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.06.015
Borzenko SV(2012)Geochemistry and formation of soda waters of Lake Doroninskoye(Eastern Transbaikalia).Dissertation,Tomsk Polytechnic University
Borzenko SV(2014)Mechanism and hydrogeochemical conditions of the gaylussite formation in the Doroninskaya group lakes,Eastern Transbaikal region.Geochem Int 52(7):608-612.https://doi.org/10.1134/2FS0016702914050024
Borzenko SV,Zamana LV(2011)Reduced forms of sulfur in the brine of saline-soda Lake Doroninskoye,Eastern Transbaikal region.Geochem Int 49(3):253-261.https://doi.org/10.1134/2FS0016702911030037
Borzenko SV,Zamana LV,Buryuhaev SP(2014)Isotopic composition of dissolved carbonates as a reflection of abiogenous and biogenic processes occurring in the water layer of Lake Doroninskoye.Dev Life During Abiotic Changes World3:319-323
Borzenko SV,Zamana LV,Noskova EV(2015)Meromixis of Lake Doroninskoye(Eastern Transbaikalia).Success Mod Sci1-3:420-425
Bukaty MB(2002)Development of software for solving of hydrogeological problems.Izvestiya TPU 305(6):348-365
Buseyev AI,Simonova LN(1975)Analytical chemistry of sulfur.Nauka,Moscow,p 271(In Russian)
Cloern JE,Cole BE,Oremland RS(1983)Autotrophic processes in meromictic Big Soda Lake,Nevada.Limnol Oceanogr28:1049-1061
Fomin GS(1995)Water.Control of chemical,bacterial and radiation safety according to international standards.Encyclopedic reference book,2nd edn.Protector Publishing House,Moscow,p 624(In Russian)
Galimov EM(1968)Geochemistry of stable carbon isotopes.Nedra Publishing House,Moscow,p 226(In Russian)
Gorlenko VM(2007)Anoxic phototrophic bacteria of soda lakes.In:Proceedings of the Institute of Microbiology named after SNVinogradskiy.Moscow.p 225-257(In Russian)
Gorlenko VM,Namsaraev ZB,Bryantseva IA,Boldareva EN,Sorokin DYu,Buryukhaev SP,Namsaraev BB,Matyugina EB,Borzenko SV(2010)Microbial communities of the stratified soda Lake Doroninskoye(Ttransbaikal region).Microbiology79(3):390-401.https://doi.org/10.1134/2FS0026261710030161
Hardy JA,Hamilton WA(1981)The oxygen tolerance of sulfate reducing bacteria isolated from North Sea waters.Curr Microbiol 6:259-262
Humayoun SB,Bano N,Hollibaugh JT(2003)Depth distribution of microbial diversity in Mono Lake,a meromictic soda lake in California.Appl Environ Microbiol 69(2):1030-1042
Mac Intyre S,Melack JM(1982)Meromixis in an equatorial African soda lake.Limnol Oceanogr 27:595-609
Matyugina EB,Belkova NL(2015)Peculiarities of the distribution and diversity of microbial communities in meromictic soda Lake Doroninskoye(Transbaikalia,Russia)during the winter season.Chin J Oceanol Limnol 33(6):1378-1390.https://doi.org/10.1007/2Fs00343-015-4355-8
Namsaraev BB(2009)Brackish and salt lakes of Transbaikalia:hydrochemistry,biology.Publishing House of the Buryat State University,Ulan-Ude,p 340(In Russian)
Novikov Yu V,Lastochkina KO,Boldina ZN(1990)Methods for studying water quality in reservoirs.Medicine,Moscow,p 400
Parkhurst DL,Appelo CAJ(2013)Description of input and examples for PHREEQC version 3 A computer program for speciation,batch-reaction,one-dimensional transport,and inverse geochemical calculations.U.S.Geological Survey,Denver,Colorado
Posokhov EV(1981)Chemical evolution of hydrosphere.Gidrometeo Publishing House,Leningrad,p 286
Serebrennikova NV,Jurgenson GA(2010)Composition and formation conditions of sediments in the Doroninskoye soda lake(Eastern Transbaikalia).Lithol Min Resour 45(5):486-494.https://doi.org/10.1134/S0024490210050068
Shvartsev SL(1982)Formation of concentrated brines from the perspective of the equilibrium theory in the water-rock system.Fundamentals of hydrogeology.Hydrogeochemistry.Nauka,Novosibirsk,pp 206-210(In Russian)
Shvartsev SL(1998)Hydrogeochemistry of hypergenesis zone.Nedra Publishing House,Moscow,p 366(In Russian)
Shvartsev SL(2004)Soda waters as a mirror of the contradictions in modern hydrogeochemistry.Fundamental problems of hydrogeochemistry.NTL Publishing House,Tomsk,pp 70-75(In Russian)
Shvartsev SL(2008)Geochemistry of fresh groundwater in the main landscape zones of the Earth.Geochem Int 46(13):1285-1398.https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016702908130016
Shvartsev SL,Wang Y(2006)Geochemistry of sodic waters in the Datong Intermountain Basin,Shanxi Province,Northwestern China.Geochem Int 44(10):1015-1026.https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016702906100065
Shvartsev SL,Ryzhenko BN,Alekseev VA,Dutova EM,Kondratieva IA,Kopylova Yu G,Lepokurova OE(2007)Geological evolution and self-organization of the water-rock system,vol 2.Publishing House of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,Novosibirsk,p 389
Shvartsev SL,Kolpakova MN,Isupov VP,Vladimirov AG,Ariunbileg S(2014)Geochemistry and chemical evolution of saline lakes of Western Mongolia.Geochem Int 52(5):388-403.https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016702914030070
Sorokin DYu,Gorlenko VM et al(2002)Thioalkalimicrobiumcyclum sp.nov.and Thioalkalivibriojannaschii sp.nov.new species of alkaliphilic,obligately chemolithoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria from a hypersaline alkaline Mono Lake(California).Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52:913-920.https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-52-3-913
Valyashko MG(1962)Geochemical regularities of formation of potash salt deposits.MGU,Moscow,p 397(In Russian)
Vlasov NA,Chernyshev LA,Pavlova LI(1961)Description of mineral lakes.In:Tkachuk VG,Tolstikhin NI(eds)Mineral waters of the southern part of Eastern Siberia.Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR,Moscow,pp 193-240
Volkov II(1990)Elemental sulfur in the water of the Black Sea.Proc Acad Sci USSR 315(1):201-205
Volkov II,Zhabina NN(1990)Method for determination of the sulfur compounds in brine water.Okeanologiya 90(5):778-782
Zakharyuk AG(2010)Distribution and activity of alkaliphilic sulfate and iron reducing bacteria in soda lakes of Transbaikalia.Dissertation,Buryat State University,Ulan-Ude
Zamana LV,Borzenko SV(2010)Hydrochemical regime of saline lakes in the Southeastern Transbaikalia.Geogr Nat Resour31(4):370-376.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gnr.2010.11.011
Zamana LV,Borzenko SV(2011)Elemental sulfur in the brine of Lake Doroninskoye(Eastern Transbaikalia).Proc Earth Sci438(2):775-778.https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X11060134
Zamana LV,Borzenko SV(2014)Isotopic composition of dissolved carbonates meromictic soda lake doroninskoe(Eastern Transbaikalia,Russia).Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)88(S1):395-397
Zavarzin GA,Zilina TN(2000)Soda Lakes-ancient biosphere model of the world.Priroda 2:45-53
Zheng Mianping(2014)Saline lakes and salt basin deposits in China.Science Press,Beijing,p 321