电解液中Na_2WO_4对Ti_2AlNb微弧氧化膜结构及摩擦磨损性能的影响
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摘要
选取硅酸盐/磷酸盐体系在Ti_2AlNb表面制备微弧氧化陶瓷膜,利用SEM,XRD,XPS等研究了电解液中Na_2WO_4对氧化膜生长过程、微观结构及成分的影响,同时评价了Ti_2AlNb微弧氧化膜的摩擦磨损行为。结果表明:硅酸盐/磷酸盐电解液中,氧化膜生长速率仅为0.08μm/min,膜层较疏松,表面存在大孔相连的"网状"结构,主要相组成为金红石TiO_2、锐钛矿TiO_2、Al_2O_3及Nb_2O_5。电解液中加入Na_2WO_4,缩短了Ti_2AlNb合金的起弧时间、提高了氧化膜的生长速率、改善了膜层均匀性,同时在膜层中引入了少量WO_3。此外,在Na_2WO_4参与下制备的微弧氧化膜的耐磨性更好。与Si_3N_4对磨时,Ti_2AlNb合金发生严重的磨粒磨损,摩擦因数高达0.5~0.7;含4g/L Na_2WO_4电解液中制备的Ti_2AlNb微弧氧化膜的摩擦因数、比磨损率分别为0.24及6.2×10~(-4) mm~3/(N·m),表面仅出现"鱼鳞状"疲劳磨损特征。
Micro-arc oxidation(MAO)ceramic coatings were prepared on Ti_2AlNb alloy in silicate/phosphate electrolytes with different concentrations of Na_2WO_4.The influence of Na_2WO_4 on the coating growth process,coating structure and composition was analyzed by SEM,XRD and XPS.The tribological behavior of MAO coatings was evaluated by the ball-disc wear test.The results show that the growth rate of MAO coating in electrolyte without Na_2WO_4 is only 0.08μm/min,meanwhile,the coating is loose and rough,and"networks"connecting with big pores exist on the coating surface.The main phase compositions of this coating are rutile TiO_2,anatase TiO_2,Al_2O_3,and Nb_2O_5.The addition of Na_2WO_4 in the electrolyte shortens the time before sparking of Ti_2AlNb alloy,increases the growth rate of the coating,improves the uniformity of coating and meanwhile,a small amount of WO_3 is introduced in the coating.Besides,MAO coatings formed in the participation of Na_2WO_4 have better wear resistance.Severe abrasive wear occurs when the test is made on Ti_2AlNb alloy with Si_3N_4,the friction coefficient reaches 0.5-0.7.Both the friction coefficient and wear rate decrease obviously when Ti_2AlNb is treated by MAO.The friction coefficient and wear rate of MAO coating prepared in the electrolyte with 4 g/L Na_2WO_4 are 0.24 and 6.2×10~(-4) mm~3/(N·m),respectively.Only "fish scales"caused by fatigue wear appears on the coating surface.
Micro-arc oxidation(MAO)ceramic coatings were prepared on Ti_2AlNb alloy in silicate/phosphate electrolytes with different concentrations of Na_2WO_4.The influence of Na_2WO_4 on the coating growth process,coating structure and composition was analyzed by SEM,XRD and XPS.The tribological behavior of MAO coatings was evaluated by the ball-disc wear test.The results show that the growth rate of MAO coating in electrolyte without Na_2WO_4 is only 0.08μm/min,meanwhile,the coating is loose and rough,and"networks"connecting with big pores exist on the coating surface.The main phase compositions of this coating are rutile TiO_2,anatase TiO_2,Al_2O_3,and Nb_2O_5.The addition of Na_2WO_4 in the electrolyte shortens the time before sparking of Ti_2AlNb alloy,increases the growth rate of the coating,improves the uniformity of coating and meanwhile,a small amount of WO_3 is introduced in the coating.Besides,MAO coatings formed in the participation of Na_2WO_4 have better wear resistance.Severe abrasive wear occurs when the test is made on Ti_2AlNb alloy with Si_3N_4,the friction coefficient reaches 0.5-0.7.Both the friction coefficient and wear rate decrease obviously when Ti_2AlNb is treated by MAO.The friction coefficient and wear rate of MAO coating prepared in the electrolyte with 4 g/L Na_2WO_4 are 0.24 and 6.2×10~(-4) mm~3/(N·m),respectively.Only "fish scales"caused by fatigue wear appears on the coating surface.
引文
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[23]蒋百灵,赵仁兵,梁戈,等.Na2WO4对铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷层形成过程及耐磨性的影响[J].材料导报,2006,20(9):155-157.JIANG B L,ZHAO R B,LIANG G,et al.Effect of Na2WO4on properties of micro-arc oxidation(MAO)ceramic coatings and wear resistance of aluminum alloy[J].Materials Review,2006,20(9):155-157.
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[25]WAGNER C D.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with x-ray photons of higher energy[J].Journal of Vacuum Science Technology,1978,15(2):518-523.
[26]GOMES M A B,BULHOES L O D S,CASTRO S C D,et al.The electrochromic process at Nb2O5 electrodes prepared by thermal oxidation of niobium[J].American Journal of Public Health,2003,93(2):288-295.
[27]BAYATI M R,ZARGAR H,MOLAEI R,et al.One step growth of WO3-loaded Al2O3,micro/nano-porous films by micro arc oxidation[J].Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2010,355(Suppl 1/3):187-192.
[28]BAYATI M R,GOLESTANI-FARD F,MOSHFEGH A Z,et al.A photocatalytic approach in micro arc oxidation of WO3-TiO2nano porous semiconductors under pulse current[J].Materials Chemistry and Physics,2011,128(3):427-432.
[29]YEROKHIN A L,NIE X,LEYLAND A,et al.Plasma electrolysis for surface engineering[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,1999,122(2/3):73-93.
[2]彭小敏,夏长清,王志辉,等.TiAl基合金高温氧化及防护的研究进展[J].中国有色金属学报,2010,20(6):1116-1130.PENG X M,XIA C Q,WANG Z H,et al.Development of high temperature oxidation and protection of TiAl-based alloy[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2010,20(6):1116-1130.
[3]WANG Q M,ZHANG K,GONG J,et al.NiCoCrAlY coatings with and without an Al2O3/Al interlayer on an orthorhombic Ti2AlNb-based alloy:oxidation and interdiffusion behaviors[J].Acta Materialia,2007,55(4):1427-1439.
[4]LI H Q,WANG Q M,JIANG S M,et al.Ion-plated Al-Al2O3films as diffusion barriers between NiCrAlY coating and orthorhombic-Ti2AlNb alloy[J].Corrosion Science,2010,52(5):1168-1674.
[5]LIANG W P,XU Z,MIAO Q,et al.Double glow plasma surface molybdenizing of Ti2AlNb[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2007,201(9/11):5068-5071.
[6]吴红艳,张平则,李建亮,等.Ti2AlNb基合金表面渗铬层结构及其摩擦学性能[J].中国有色金属学报,2007,17(10):1656-1660.WU H Y,ZHANG P Z,LI J L,et al.Microstructure and tribological properties of surface plasma chromising layer of Ti2AlNbbased alloy[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2007,17(10):1656-1660.
[7]SHEN L,KONG L Y,XIONG T Y,et al.Preparation of TiAl3-Al composite coating by cold spraying[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2009,19(4):79-882.
[8]熊玉明,朱圣龙,王福会.带涂层的TiAlNb合金高温氧化行为[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2006,35(2):213-216.XIONG Y M,ZHU S L,WANG F H.Oxidation behaviors of TiAlNb with coatings at 800℃and 900℃respectively[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2006,35(2):213-216.
[9]高广睿,李争显,杜继红.TC4合金表面微弧氧化膜层耐蚀及摩擦性能研究[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2008,38(增刊4):602-605.GAO G R,LI Z X,DU J H.Wear and corrosion resistance properties of TC4alloy micro-arc oxidized coating[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2008,38(Suppl 4):602-605.
[10]夏伶勤,韩建民,崔世海,等.SiCp/A356复合材料微弧氧化陶瓷膜的生长规律与性能[J].材料工程,2016,44(1):40-46.XIA L Q,HAN J M,CUI S H,et al.Growth law and properties of ceramic coatings on SiCp/A356composite fabricated by micro-arc oxidation[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2016,44(1):40-46.
[11]APELFELD A V,BESPALOVA O V,BORISOV A M.Application of the particle backscattering methods for the study of new oxide protective coatings at the surface of Al and Mg alloys[J].Nuclear Instruments&Methods in Physics Research,2000,161/163(1):553-557.
[12]杨巍,蒋百灵,时惠英.LY12铝合金微弧氧化膜层的形成与生长机制[J].中国有色金属学报,2010,20(10):1949-1954.YANG W,JIANG B L,SHI H Y.Formation and growth mechanism of microarc oxidation coating on LY12aluminium alloy[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2010,20(10):1949-1954.
[13]WANG Y M,JIANG B L,LEI T Q,et al.Microarc oxidation coatings formed on Ti6Al4Vin Na2SiO3system solution:microstructure,mechanical and tribological properties[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2006,201(1):82-89.
[14]林修洲,郑健峰,林志君,等.TC4钛合金微弧氧化涂层的制备与微动磨损性能研究[J].航空材料学报,2009,29(2):43-47.LIN X Z,ZHENG J F,LIN Z J,et al.Preparation and fretting wear performance of micro oxidation coating on TC4titanium alloy[J].Journal of Aeronautical Materials,2009,29(2):43-47.
[15]郝建民,介万奇,陈宏,等.SiO2-3对TiAl合金微弧氧化陶瓷层的影响[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2005,34(9):1455-1459.HAO J M,JIE W Q,CHEN H,et al.The effect of SiO2-3on micro-arc oxidization ceramic layer of TiAl alloy[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2005,34(9):1455-1459.
[16]WU X Q,XIE F Q,HU Z C,et al.Effects of additives on corrosion and wear resistance of micro-arc oxidation coatings on TiAl alloy[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2010,20(6):1032-1036.
[17]李夕金,程国安,薛文斌,等.Ti3Al基合金微弧氧化膜的制备和性质[J].航空材料学报,2007,27(5):1-6.LI X J,CHENG G A,XUE W B,et al.Fabrication and properties of microarc oxidation coatings on Ti3Al-based alloy[J].Journal of Aeronautical Materials,2007,27(5):1-6.
[18]OUYANG J H,WANG Y H,LIU Z G,et al.Preparation and high temperature tribological properties of microarc oxidation ceramic coatings formed on Ti2AlNb alloy[J].Wear,2015,330/331(22):239-249.
[19]WANG Y H,LIU Z G,OUYANG J H,et al.Preparation and high temperature oxidation resistance of microarc oxidation ceramic coatings formed on Ti2AlNb alloy[J].Applied Surface Science,2012,258(22):8946-8952.
[20]WANG Y H,OUYANG J H,LIU Z G,et al.Microstructure and high temperature properties of two-step voltage-controlled MAO ceramic coatings formed on Ti2AlNb alloy[J].Applied Surface Science,2014,307:62-68.
[21]TSENG C C,LEE J L,KUO T H,et al.The influence of sodium tungstate concentration and anodizing conditions on microarc oxidation(MAO)coatings for aluminum alloy[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2012,206(16):3437-3443.
[22]TORRES D L,PEREIRA M C,SILVA J W J,et al.Effect of phosphoric acid concentration and anodizing time on the properties of anodic films on titanium[J].Journal of Engineering Science and Technology,2015,10(7):841-848.
[23]蒋百灵,赵仁兵,梁戈,等.Na2WO4对铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷层形成过程及耐磨性的影响[J].材料导报,2006,20(9):155-157.JIANG B L,ZHAO R B,LIANG G,et al.Effect of Na2WO4on properties of micro-arc oxidation(MAO)ceramic coatings and wear resistance of aluminum alloy[J].Materials Review,2006,20(9):155-157.
[24]OKAZAKI Y,OHOTA M,ITO Y,et al.Corrosion resistance of implant alloys in pseudo physiological solution and role of alloying elements in passive films[J].Materials Transactions Jim,1997,38(1):78-84.
[25]WAGNER C D.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with x-ray photons of higher energy[J].Journal of Vacuum Science Technology,1978,15(2):518-523.
[26]GOMES M A B,BULHOES L O D S,CASTRO S C D,et al.The electrochromic process at Nb2O5 electrodes prepared by thermal oxidation of niobium[J].American Journal of Public Health,2003,93(2):288-295.
[27]BAYATI M R,ZARGAR H,MOLAEI R,et al.One step growth of WO3-loaded Al2O3,micro/nano-porous films by micro arc oxidation[J].Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2010,355(Suppl 1/3):187-192.
[28]BAYATI M R,GOLESTANI-FARD F,MOSHFEGH A Z,et al.A photocatalytic approach in micro arc oxidation of WO3-TiO2nano porous semiconductors under pulse current[J].Materials Chemistry and Physics,2011,128(3):427-432.
[29]YEROKHIN A L,NIE X,LEYLAND A,et al.Plasma electrolysis for surface engineering[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,1999,122(2/3):73-93.