铁路风速风向传感器动态响应特性实验研究
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摘要
风速风向传感器能够实时准确可靠地提供风速风向数据,是确保风区铁路运输安全的关键要素之一。兰新铁路大风具有风速变化范围大、风向变化快的特性,对传感器的动态响应特性提出更高的要求。通过风洞模拟真实环境下风速风向改变的条件,对超声式和热场式风速风向传感器及强风仪分别进行动态特性实验,研究结果表明:各传感器均存在风速跟随性误差,但均满足使用要求;热场式传感器的风向跟随误差较小,超声波传感器风向跟随误差相对稍大,且风向输出不稳定;风向改变角速度降低时,传感器风向输出波动明显减小。
Wind sensor can provide wind speed and direction data accurately and reliably in real time.It is one of the key elements to ensure the safety of railway transportation in windy area.Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway gale has the characteristics of large range of wind speed,quickly changes of wind direction.Therefore the dynamic response characteristics of the sensor should be put forward higher requirements.Through the wind tunnel simulation of wind speed and wind direction under real conditions,the dynamic characteristics experiments of ultrasonic and thermal field wind sensors and mechanical anemometers were respectively carried out.The conclusions are as follows.Each sensor has wind speed follow error,but all meet the requirements.The error of the wind direction of the thermal field sensor is smaller,the error of the wind direction of the ultrasonic sensor is relatively larger,and the wind direction output is unstable.When the angular velocity is reduced by the changes of wind direction,the sensor wind direction output fluctuations significantly reduced.
Wind sensor can provide wind speed and direction data accurately and reliably in real time.It is one of the key elements to ensure the safety of railway transportation in windy area.Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway gale has the characteristics of large range of wind speed,quickly changes of wind direction.Therefore the dynamic response characteristics of the sensor should be put forward higher requirements.Through the wind tunnel simulation of wind speed and wind direction under real conditions,the dynamic characteristics experiments of ultrasonic and thermal field wind sensors and mechanical anemometers were respectively carried out.The conclusions are as follows.Each sensor has wind speed follow error,but all meet the requirements.The error of the wind direction of the thermal field sensor is smaller,the error of the wind direction of the ultrasonic sensor is relatively larger,and the wind direction output is unstable.When the angular velocity is reduced by the changes of wind direction,the sensor wind direction output fluctuations significantly reduced.
引文
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[2]鲁寨军,田红旗.大风环境下YW25G型客车横向振动偏移量研究[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2011,8(3):57-61.LU Zhaijun,TIAN Hongqi.Research on YW25Gpassenger-car's lateral vibration offsets under strong winds[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2011,8(3):57-61.
[3]李鹏,梁习锋,牛纪强.突风口环境下的高速列车周围流场数值模拟[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2017,14(6):1113-1121.LI Peng,LIANG Xifeng,NIU Jiqiang.Numerical simulation of the flow around a high-speed train moving through a crosswind flow[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2017,14(6):1113-1121.
[4]夏祎萌,何清,李军,等.新疆大风灾害灾度和危险度分析[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(4):1025-1028.XIA Yimeng,HE Qing,LI Jun,et al.Disaster degree and risk degree of wind disasters in Xinjiang[J].Journal of Desert Research,2012,32(4):1025-1028.
[5]Heine Chr,Matschke G.Full scale tests on side wind effects on trains evaluation of aerodynamic coefficients and efficiency of wind breaking devices[J].Springer Berlin Heidelberg,2000,23(79):1938-1941.
[6]Fujii T,Maeda T,Ishida H,et al.Wind-induced accidents of train/vehicles and their measures in Japan[J].Quarterly Report of Rtri,1999,40(1):50-55.
[7]刘庆宽,杜彦良,乔富贵.日本列车横风和强风对策研究[J].铁道学报,2008,30(1):82-88.LIU Qingkuang,DU Yanliang,QIAO Fugui.Triancrosswind and strong wind countermeasure research in Japan[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2008,30(1):82-88.
[8]刘昕,边泽强,李松奎.自动气象站风向风速仪现场校准方法研究[J].计量与测试技术,2015,42(8):7-9.LIU Xin,BIAN Zeqiang,LI Songkui.Field calibration method of wind direction and wind velocity sensor[J].Metrology&Measurement Technique,2015,42(8):7-9.
[9]论立勇,陈厚磊,蔡京辉.高压交变流动下热线风速仪标定方法研究[J].实验流体力学,2016,24(3):87-90.LUN Liyong,CHEN Houlei,CAI Jinghui.Investigation on calibration method of hot-wire anemometer in high pressure reciprocating flow[J].Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics,2016,24(3):87-90.
[10]李国祥,刘云岗,陆辰,等.热线风速传感器X型探针的一种新标定方法[J].流体力学实验与测量,1997,11(4):57-61.LI Guoxiang,LIU Yungang,LU Chen,et al.A new calibration method for X-probes of anemometers[J].Experiments and Measurements in Fluid Mechanics,1997,11(4):57-61.
[11]LIU Bin.Wind characteristic analysis of 100-kilometer wind area in Lanzhou-Xinjiang high-speed railway[C]//2017 2nd International Conference on Industrial Aerodynamics,2017:562-571.
[12]李红军,赵勇,霍文,等.新疆“百里、三十里风区”铁路沿线设计风速研究[J].干旱区地理,2011,34(6):941-947.LI Hongjun,ZHAO Yong,HUO Wen,et al.Design wind speed along railway in Baili and Shanshili Wind Area,Xinjiang[J].Journal of Desert Research,2011,34(6):941-947.
[13]Ligeza P.An alternative mathematical model of vane anemometers based on the balance of power[J].Flow Measurement and Instrumentation,2017,54:210-215.
[14]Wyngaard J C,ZHANG S F.Transducer-shadow effects on turbulence spectra measured by sonic anemometers[J].Journal of Atmosphere and Oceanic Technology,1985,2:548-558.
[15]Rachalski A.Absolute measurement of low gas flow by means of the spectral analysis of the thermal wave[J].Review of Scientific Instruments,2013,84:025105.