利用线粒体COI基因揭示中国乌骨鸡遗传多样性和群体遗传结构
|
摘要
全面了解中国乌骨鸡的遗传背景有利于保护和开发利用其种质资源。本研究测定了中国12个乌骨鸡品种线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶亚基I (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, COI)基因,比较分析其遗传多样性和群体遗传结构。255份乌骨鸡样品共检测到22个变异位点,占分析位点的3.17%;核苷酸多样性为0.00142–0.00339,单倍型多样性为0.380–0.757,其中略阳乌鸡核苷酸多样性最高,德化黑鸡最低。检测到7个氨基酸变异位点,来自6个品种共11个个体。定义了24种单倍型,其中单倍型H1和H3为12个乌骨鸡品种共享,出现频率分别为115次和64次;盐津乌骨鸡单倍型数最多,广西乌鸡最少。中性检验与错配分析显示实验种群未经历显著的群体扩张事件。分子变异分析显示81.06%的变异来自群体内;品种间遗传距离为0.002–0.004,品种间遗传分化系数F_(st)值为–0.035至0.594,雪峰乌骨鸡与其他种群间的遗传分化程度最高。邻接树显示,乌骨鸡未能独立形成分支,不能从家鸡和红原鸡中有效区分开来。中国乌骨鸡中介网络图将24个单倍型分为3条进化主支,呈现出一定的品种特异性,由无量山乌骨鸡、云南盐津乌骨鸡和雪峰乌骨鸡组成单倍型H8、H9、H11、H12游离于这3条进化主支之外。增加其他家鸡和红原鸡COI基因的中介网络图主体结构与中国乌骨鸡的相同。结果表明中国乌骨鸡品种遗传多样性较低,但品种间遗传分化显著,可能是从当地家鸡中选育而来,需要加强种质资源的保护。
Comprehensively evaluating the genetic diversity of Chinese black-bone chickens will facilitate conservation and utilization initiatives for this invaluable genetic resource. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I(COI) gene sequences were obtained from 12 black-bone chicken breeds in China. These sequences were then used to analyze the genetic variation and population structure. A total of 22 mutation sites were detected from 255 individuals representing 3.17% of all sites. The nucleotide diversity and haplotype diversity ranged from 0.00142 to 0.00339 and from 0.380 to 0.757, respectively. Lueyang black chicken has the highest level of genetic diversity and Dehua the lowest. Seven amino acid variations were detected from 11 individuals from six breeds. A total of 24 haplotypes were defined, where haplotype H1 and H3 are shared by 12 black-bone chicken breeds with a frequency of 115 and 64, respectively. Yanjin had the greatest number of haplotypes, while Guangxi has the fewest. Neutrality tests and mismatch distribution analysis revealed that these populations have not experienced significant population expansion. Most of the genetic variations observed were intra-population variation(81.06%) as indicated in AMOVA analysis. Pairwise fixation indexes F_(st) values among 12 populations range from –0.035 to 0.594, and genetic distance ranges from 0.002 to 0.004. The genetic differentiation indexes between Xuefeng and other populations was the greatest. Black-bone chickens cannot be separated from domestic chickens and red junglefowls within the neighbor-joining tree. The median-joining network of black-bone chickens is classified into three main clusters with the characteristic of specific breeds, while haplotype H8, H9, H11 and H12 existing in Wuliangshan, Yanjin, Xuefeng are not directly related to the three main clusters. The median-joining network of black-bone chickens and additional domestic chickens and red junglefowls does not change the main structure of the tree. The results presented here indicate that the genetic diversity of Chinese black-bone chickens is low but significant genetic differentiation is evident. The Chinese black-bone chickens may be selected in situ from domestic chickens. Overall, the results suggest that more attention should be paid to germplasm resource protection of these fascinating breeds.
Comprehensively evaluating the genetic diversity of Chinese black-bone chickens will facilitate conservation and utilization initiatives for this invaluable genetic resource. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I(COI) gene sequences were obtained from 12 black-bone chicken breeds in China. These sequences were then used to analyze the genetic variation and population structure. A total of 22 mutation sites were detected from 255 individuals representing 3.17% of all sites. The nucleotide diversity and haplotype diversity ranged from 0.00142 to 0.00339 and from 0.380 to 0.757, respectively. Lueyang black chicken has the highest level of genetic diversity and Dehua the lowest. Seven amino acid variations were detected from 11 individuals from six breeds. A total of 24 haplotypes were defined, where haplotype H1 and H3 are shared by 12 black-bone chicken breeds with a frequency of 115 and 64, respectively. Yanjin had the greatest number of haplotypes, while Guangxi has the fewest. Neutrality tests and mismatch distribution analysis revealed that these populations have not experienced significant population expansion. Most of the genetic variations observed were intra-population variation(81.06%) as indicated in AMOVA analysis. Pairwise fixation indexes F_(st) values among 12 populations range from –0.035 to 0.594, and genetic distance ranges from 0.002 to 0.004. The genetic differentiation indexes between Xuefeng and other populations was the greatest. Black-bone chickens cannot be separated from domestic chickens and red junglefowls within the neighbor-joining tree. The median-joining network of black-bone chickens is classified into three main clusters with the characteristic of specific breeds, while haplotype H8, H9, H11 and H12 existing in Wuliangshan, Yanjin, Xuefeng are not directly related to the three main clusters. The median-joining network of black-bone chickens and additional domestic chickens and red junglefowls does not change the main structure of the tree. The results presented here indicate that the genetic diversity of Chinese black-bone chickens is low but significant genetic differentiation is evident. The Chinese black-bone chickens may be selected in situ from domestic chickens. Overall, the results suggest that more attention should be paid to germplasm resource protection of these fascinating breeds.
引文
Bandelt HJ,Forster P,Rohl A(1999)Median-joining networks for inferring intraspecific phylogenies.Molecular Biology and Evolution,16,37-48.
China National Commission of Animal Genetic Resources(2011)Animal Genetic Resources in China:Poultry.China Agriculture Press,Beijing.(in Chinese)[国家畜禽遗传资源委员会(2011)中国畜禽遗传资源志:家禽志.中国农业出版社,北京.]
Dharmayanthi AB,Terai Y,Sulandari S,Zein MSA,Akiyama T,Satta Y(2017)The origin and evolution of fibromelanosis in domesticated chickens:Genomic comparison of Indonesian Cemani and Chinese Silkie breeds.PLoS ONE,4,e0173147.
Ekarius C(2007)Storey's Illustrated Guide to Poultry Breeds.Storey Publishing,Massachusetts.
Excoffier L,Lischer HE(2010)Arlequin suite ver.3.5:A new series of programs to perform population genetics analyses under Linux and Windows.Molecular Ecology Resources,10,564-567.
Feng CG,Gao Y,Dorshorst B,Song C,Gu XR,Li QY,Li JX,Liu TX,Rubin CJ,Zhao YQ,Wang YQ,Fei J,Li HF,Chen KW,Qu H,Shu DM,Ashwell C,Da Y,Andersson L,Hu X,Li N(2014)A cis-regulatory mutation of PDSS2 causes silky-feather in chickens.PLoS Genetics,8,e1004576.
Grant W,Bowen B(1998)Shallow population histories in deep evolutionary lineages of marine fishes:Insights from sardines and anchovies and lessons for conservation.Journal of Heredity,89,415-426.
Groeneveld LF,Lenstra JA,Eding H,Toro MA,Scherf B,Pilling D,Negrini R,Finlay EK,Han JL,Groeneveld E,Weigend S,GLOBALDIV Consortium(2010)Genetic diversity in farm animals—A review.Animal Genetics,41,6-31.
Hall TA(1999)Bioedit:A user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows95/98/NT.Nucleic Acids Symposium Series,41,95-98.
Hebert PDN,Stoeckle MY,Zemlak TS,Francis CM(2004)Identification of birds through DNA barcodes.PLoS Biology,2,1657-1663.
Huang XH,Chen JB,He DL,Zhang XQ,Zhong FS(2016)DNA barcoding of indigenous chickens in China:A reevaluation.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,49,2622-2633.(in Chinese with English abstract)[黄勋和,陈洁波,何丹林,张细权,钟福生(2016)DNA条形码技术鉴定中国地方鸡品种的重新评估.中国农业科学,49,2622-2633.]
Huang XH,Wu YJ,Miao YW,Peng MS,Chen X,He DL,Suwannapoom C,Du BW,Li XY,Weng ZX,Jin SH,Song JJ,Wang MS,Chen JB,Li WN,Otecko NO,Geng ZY,Qu XY,Wu YP,Yang XR,Jin JQ,Han JL,Zhong FS,Zhang XQ,Zhang YP(2018)Was chicken domesticated in northern China? New evidence from mitochondrial genomes.Science Bulletin,63,743-746.
Jia XX,Tang XJ,Fan YF,Lu JX,Huang SH,Ge QL,Gao YS,Han W(2017)Genetic diversity of local chicken breeds in East China based on mitochondrial DNA D-loop region.Biodiversity Science,25,540-548.(in Chinese with English abstract)[贾晓旭,唐修君,樊艳凤,陆俊贤,黄胜海,葛庆联,高玉时,韩威(2017)华东地区地方鸡品种mtDNA控制区遗传多样性.生物多样性,25,540-548.]
Kameshpandian P,Thomas S,Nagarajan M(2016)Genetic diversity and relationship of Indian Muscovy duck populations.Mitochondrial DNA Part A,29,1-5.
Li SZ(2005)Bencao Gangmu,2nd edn.People's Medical Publishing House,Beijing.(in Chinese)[李时珍(2005)本草纲目(第2版).人民卫生出版社,北京.]
Lin MM,Wang GQ,He ZG,Ma P,Liu Y(2017)Genetic diversity of Tianshui black-bone chicken based on DNA D-loop sequences.China Poultry,39(1),57-59.(in Chinese)[林萌萌,王国琪,何振刚,马平,刘玉(2017)天水乌鸡线粒体DNA D-loop序列遗传多样性分析.中国家禽,39(1),57-59.]
Liu HT(2006)The formation,utilization and development of Dehua black-bone chicken.Fujian Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2(S1),50-52.(in Chinese)[刘鸿涛(2006)德化黑鸡的形成、利用现状与发展思路.福建畜牧兽医,2(S1),50-52.]
Liu YP(2002)Genetic Diversity of Chinese Black-bone Chickens and Origin of Domestic Chickens.PhD dissertation,Sichuan Agricultural University,Ya'an,Sichuan,(in Chinese with English abstract)[刘益平(2002)中国乌骨鸡遗传多样性及家鸡起源研究.博士学位论文,四川农业大学,四川雅安.]
Liu YP,Wu GS,Yao YG,Miao YW,Luikart GD,Baig M,Pereira AB,Ding ZL,Palanichamy MG,Zhang YP(2006)Multiple maternal origins of chickens:Out of the Asian jungles.Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution,38,12-19.
Miao YW,Sun LM,Tong JJ,Li DL,Yuan YY,Yang MC,HaoWF,Huo JL,Yang R,Yu SL(2013)Maternal genetic analysis of Puer Maojiao and Nanjian Lver black-bone chicken using mtDNA D-loop sequences.Acta Ecologiae Animalis Domastici,34(7),10-14.(in Chinese with English abstract)[苗永旺,孙利民,童晶晶,李大林,袁跃云,杨满灿,郝伟峰,霍金龙,杨润,余仕亮(2013)普洱毛脚乌鸡与南涧绿耳乌鸡线粒体DNA母系遗传分析.家畜生态学报,34(7),10-14.]
Peters J,Lebrasseur O,Deng H,Larson D(2016)Holocene cultural history of red jungle fowl(Gallus gallus)and its domestic descendant in East Asia.Quaternary Science Reviews,142,102-119.
Ren G,Ma H,Ma C,Wang W,Chen W,Ma L(2016)Genetic diversity and population structure of Portunus sanguinolentus(Herbst,1783)revealed by mtDNA COI sequences.Mitochondrial DNA Part A:DNA Mapping,Sequencing,and Analysis,28,740-746.
Rousset F(1997)Genetic differentiation and estimation of gene flow from F-statistics under isolation by distance.Genetics,145,1219-1228.
Rozas J,Ferrer-Mata A,Sanchez-DelBarrio JC,Guirao-Rico S,Librado P,Ramos-Onsins SE,Sanchez-Gracia A(2017)DnaSP 6:DNA sequence polymorphism analysis of large datasets.Molecular Biology Evolution,34,3299-3302.
Tamura K,Stecher G,Peterson D,Filipski A,Kumar S(2013)MEGA6:Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 6.0.Molecular Biology&Evolution,30,2725-2729.
Thompson JD,Gibson TJ,Plewniak F,Jeanmougin F,Higgins DG(1997)The CLUSTAL_X windows interface:Flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools.Nucleic Acids Research,25,4876-4882.
Tu YJ,Gao YS,Su YJ,Wang KB,Tong HB(2011)Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of COI gene in some indigenous chicken breeds.Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,38,39-42.(in Chinese with English abstract)[屠云洁,高玉时,苏一军,王克华,童海兵(2011)我国部分地方鸡种COI基因多态性及其分子系统进化研究.安徽农业大学学报,38,39-42.]
Wang L,Li Q,Kong LF,Yu H(2018)Population genetic structure and demographic history of Barbatia virescens along Chinese coast based on mitochondrial COI sequences.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,49,87-95.(in Chinese with English abstract)[王玲,李琪,孔令锋,于红(2018)基于COI基因的中国沿海青蚶野生群体遗传结构及种群动态研究.海洋与湖沼,49,87-95.]
Wei L,Liu SG,Shi XW(2008)Genetic diversity of the Xuefeng black bone chicken based on microsatellite markers.Biodiversity Science,16,503-508.(in Chinese with English abstract)[魏麟,刘胜贵,史宪伟(2008)雪峰乌骨鸡自然群体遗传多样性的微卫星分析.生物多样性,16,503-508.]
Wu HH,Xie RQ(1999)The origin,history and usage of black-bone chickens.Guide to Chinese Poultry,16(11),56.(in Chinese)[吾豪华,谢若泉(1999)乌鸡产地、历史及作用浅议.中国家禽导刊,16(11),56.]
Xiang H,Gao J,Yu B,Xiang H,Gao JQ,Yu BQ,Zhou H,Cai DW,Zhang YW,Chen XY,Wang X,Hofreiter M,Zhao XB(2014)Early Holocene chicken domestication in northern China.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,USA,111,17564-17569.
Xu WJ,Zhu WQ,Shu JT,Song C,Chen KW(2014)Study on genetic diversity and phylogenetic evolution in Chinese main black-bone chicken.Chinese Journal of Animal Science,50(23),10-14.(in Chinese with English abstract)[徐文娟,朱文奇,束婧婷,宋迟,陈宽维(2014)我国主要乌骨鸡品种遗传多样性和系统进化研究.中国畜牧杂志,50(23),10-14.]
Yuan J(2010)Zooarchaeological study on the domestic animals in ancient China.Quaternary Science,30,298-306.(in Chinese with English abstract)[袁靖(2010)中国古代家养动物的动物考古学研究.第四纪研究,30,298-306.]
Zhang T,Du W,Lu H,Wang L(2018)Genetic diversity of mitochondrial DNA of Chinese black-bone chicken.Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science,20,565-572.
China National Commission of Animal Genetic Resources(2011)Animal Genetic Resources in China:Poultry.China Agriculture Press,Beijing.(in Chinese)[国家畜禽遗传资源委员会(2011)中国畜禽遗传资源志:家禽志.中国农业出版社,北京.]
Dharmayanthi AB,Terai Y,Sulandari S,Zein MSA,Akiyama T,Satta Y(2017)The origin and evolution of fibromelanosis in domesticated chickens:Genomic comparison of Indonesian Cemani and Chinese Silkie breeds.PLoS ONE,4,e0173147.
Ekarius C(2007)Storey's Illustrated Guide to Poultry Breeds.Storey Publishing,Massachusetts.
Excoffier L,Lischer HE(2010)Arlequin suite ver.3.5:A new series of programs to perform population genetics analyses under Linux and Windows.Molecular Ecology Resources,10,564-567.
Feng CG,Gao Y,Dorshorst B,Song C,Gu XR,Li QY,Li JX,Liu TX,Rubin CJ,Zhao YQ,Wang YQ,Fei J,Li HF,Chen KW,Qu H,Shu DM,Ashwell C,Da Y,Andersson L,Hu X,Li N(2014)A cis-regulatory mutation of PDSS2 causes silky-feather in chickens.PLoS Genetics,8,e1004576.
Grant W,Bowen B(1998)Shallow population histories in deep evolutionary lineages of marine fishes:Insights from sardines and anchovies and lessons for conservation.Journal of Heredity,89,415-426.
Groeneveld LF,Lenstra JA,Eding H,Toro MA,Scherf B,Pilling D,Negrini R,Finlay EK,Han JL,Groeneveld E,Weigend S,GLOBALDIV Consortium(2010)Genetic diversity in farm animals—A review.Animal Genetics,41,6-31.
Hall TA(1999)Bioedit:A user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows95/98/NT.Nucleic Acids Symposium Series,41,95-98.
Hebert PDN,Stoeckle MY,Zemlak TS,Francis CM(2004)Identification of birds through DNA barcodes.PLoS Biology,2,1657-1663.
Huang XH,Chen JB,He DL,Zhang XQ,Zhong FS(2016)DNA barcoding of indigenous chickens in China:A reevaluation.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,49,2622-2633.(in Chinese with English abstract)[黄勋和,陈洁波,何丹林,张细权,钟福生(2016)DNA条形码技术鉴定中国地方鸡品种的重新评估.中国农业科学,49,2622-2633.]
Huang XH,Wu YJ,Miao YW,Peng MS,Chen X,He DL,Suwannapoom C,Du BW,Li XY,Weng ZX,Jin SH,Song JJ,Wang MS,Chen JB,Li WN,Otecko NO,Geng ZY,Qu XY,Wu YP,Yang XR,Jin JQ,Han JL,Zhong FS,Zhang XQ,Zhang YP(2018)Was chicken domesticated in northern China? New evidence from mitochondrial genomes.Science Bulletin,63,743-746.
Jia XX,Tang XJ,Fan YF,Lu JX,Huang SH,Ge QL,Gao YS,Han W(2017)Genetic diversity of local chicken breeds in East China based on mitochondrial DNA D-loop region.Biodiversity Science,25,540-548.(in Chinese with English abstract)[贾晓旭,唐修君,樊艳凤,陆俊贤,黄胜海,葛庆联,高玉时,韩威(2017)华东地区地方鸡品种mtDNA控制区遗传多样性.生物多样性,25,540-548.]
Kameshpandian P,Thomas S,Nagarajan M(2016)Genetic diversity and relationship of Indian Muscovy duck populations.Mitochondrial DNA Part A,29,1-5.
Li SZ(2005)Bencao Gangmu,2nd edn.People's Medical Publishing House,Beijing.(in Chinese)[李时珍(2005)本草纲目(第2版).人民卫生出版社,北京.]
Lin MM,Wang GQ,He ZG,Ma P,Liu Y(2017)Genetic diversity of Tianshui black-bone chicken based on DNA D-loop sequences.China Poultry,39(1),57-59.(in Chinese)[林萌萌,王国琪,何振刚,马平,刘玉(2017)天水乌鸡线粒体DNA D-loop序列遗传多样性分析.中国家禽,39(1),57-59.]
Liu HT(2006)The formation,utilization and development of Dehua black-bone chicken.Fujian Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2(S1),50-52.(in Chinese)[刘鸿涛(2006)德化黑鸡的形成、利用现状与发展思路.福建畜牧兽医,2(S1),50-52.]
Liu YP(2002)Genetic Diversity of Chinese Black-bone Chickens and Origin of Domestic Chickens.PhD dissertation,Sichuan Agricultural University,Ya'an,Sichuan,(in Chinese with English abstract)[刘益平(2002)中国乌骨鸡遗传多样性及家鸡起源研究.博士学位论文,四川农业大学,四川雅安.]
Liu YP,Wu GS,Yao YG,Miao YW,Luikart GD,Baig M,Pereira AB,Ding ZL,Palanichamy MG,Zhang YP(2006)Multiple maternal origins of chickens:Out of the Asian jungles.Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution,38,12-19.
Miao YW,Sun LM,Tong JJ,Li DL,Yuan YY,Yang MC,HaoWF,Huo JL,Yang R,Yu SL(2013)Maternal genetic analysis of Puer Maojiao and Nanjian Lver black-bone chicken using mtDNA D-loop sequences.Acta Ecologiae Animalis Domastici,34(7),10-14.(in Chinese with English abstract)[苗永旺,孙利民,童晶晶,李大林,袁跃云,杨满灿,郝伟峰,霍金龙,杨润,余仕亮(2013)普洱毛脚乌鸡与南涧绿耳乌鸡线粒体DNA母系遗传分析.家畜生态学报,34(7),10-14.]
Peters J,Lebrasseur O,Deng H,Larson D(2016)Holocene cultural history of red jungle fowl(Gallus gallus)and its domestic descendant in East Asia.Quaternary Science Reviews,142,102-119.
Ren G,Ma H,Ma C,Wang W,Chen W,Ma L(2016)Genetic diversity and population structure of Portunus sanguinolentus(Herbst,1783)revealed by mtDNA COI sequences.Mitochondrial DNA Part A:DNA Mapping,Sequencing,and Analysis,28,740-746.
Rousset F(1997)Genetic differentiation and estimation of gene flow from F-statistics under isolation by distance.Genetics,145,1219-1228.
Rozas J,Ferrer-Mata A,Sanchez-DelBarrio JC,Guirao-Rico S,Librado P,Ramos-Onsins SE,Sanchez-Gracia A(2017)DnaSP 6:DNA sequence polymorphism analysis of large datasets.Molecular Biology Evolution,34,3299-3302.
Tamura K,Stecher G,Peterson D,Filipski A,Kumar S(2013)MEGA6:Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 6.0.Molecular Biology&Evolution,30,2725-2729.
Thompson JD,Gibson TJ,Plewniak F,Jeanmougin F,Higgins DG(1997)The CLUSTAL_X windows interface:Flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools.Nucleic Acids Research,25,4876-4882.
Tu YJ,Gao YS,Su YJ,Wang KB,Tong HB(2011)Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of COI gene in some indigenous chicken breeds.Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,38,39-42.(in Chinese with English abstract)[屠云洁,高玉时,苏一军,王克华,童海兵(2011)我国部分地方鸡种COI基因多态性及其分子系统进化研究.安徽农业大学学报,38,39-42.]
Wang L,Li Q,Kong LF,Yu H(2018)Population genetic structure and demographic history of Barbatia virescens along Chinese coast based on mitochondrial COI sequences.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,49,87-95.(in Chinese with English abstract)[王玲,李琪,孔令锋,于红(2018)基于COI基因的中国沿海青蚶野生群体遗传结构及种群动态研究.海洋与湖沼,49,87-95.]
Wei L,Liu SG,Shi XW(2008)Genetic diversity of the Xuefeng black bone chicken based on microsatellite markers.Biodiversity Science,16,503-508.(in Chinese with English abstract)[魏麟,刘胜贵,史宪伟(2008)雪峰乌骨鸡自然群体遗传多样性的微卫星分析.生物多样性,16,503-508.]
Wu HH,Xie RQ(1999)The origin,history and usage of black-bone chickens.Guide to Chinese Poultry,16(11),56.(in Chinese)[吾豪华,谢若泉(1999)乌鸡产地、历史及作用浅议.中国家禽导刊,16(11),56.]
Xiang H,Gao J,Yu B,Xiang H,Gao JQ,Yu BQ,Zhou H,Cai DW,Zhang YW,Chen XY,Wang X,Hofreiter M,Zhao XB(2014)Early Holocene chicken domestication in northern China.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,USA,111,17564-17569.
Xu WJ,Zhu WQ,Shu JT,Song C,Chen KW(2014)Study on genetic diversity and phylogenetic evolution in Chinese main black-bone chicken.Chinese Journal of Animal Science,50(23),10-14.(in Chinese with English abstract)[徐文娟,朱文奇,束婧婷,宋迟,陈宽维(2014)我国主要乌骨鸡品种遗传多样性和系统进化研究.中国畜牧杂志,50(23),10-14.]
Yuan J(2010)Zooarchaeological study on the domestic animals in ancient China.Quaternary Science,30,298-306.(in Chinese with English abstract)[袁靖(2010)中国古代家养动物的动物考古学研究.第四纪研究,30,298-306.]
Zhang T,Du W,Lu H,Wang L(2018)Genetic diversity of mitochondrial DNA of Chinese black-bone chicken.Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science,20,565-572.