B-7451型直升机喷雾参数对枣树冠层雾滴沉积分布的影响
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摘要
【目的】为了阐明B-7451型直升机航空喷雾在枣树白熟期雾滴沉积分布规律及应用前景,研究了不同飞行参数下B-7451型直升机的有效喷幅,以及不同的喷雾参数下雾滴在枣树层间的沉积分布规律。【方法】该试验通过改变飞机的作业高度以海力佳(有机水溶肥料)进行喷雾试验,采用雾滴密度判定法评定B-7451型直升机的有效喷幅宽度,使用雾滴采集卡测定在枣树不同层间的雾滴沉积量,由此获得枣树冠层不同区域雾滴沉积分布的规律。【结果】当飞行高度为6、8、10 m时有效喷幅宽度分别为35、40、50 m。不同作业高度下,雾滴在枣树冠层的总沉积量为6 m>8 m>10 m,且飞行高度为6 m时枣树冠层各个部位叶片上的雾滴密度变异系数最小,雾滴分布均匀性最好。【结论】综合考虑雾滴沉积特性和喷洒效果,喷雾参数应选择飞行高度6 m,有效喷洒幅宽度35 m。
【Objective】In order to explore the distribution pattern and application prospect of B-7451 helicopter as a sprayer in jujube orchards, the effects of spraying width of the helicopter and other flight parameters on the distribution of droplet deposition were studied.【Methods】The experiment used a water-soluble fertilizer for spray test at different the heights including 6, 8 and 10 meters. The sampling points were the upper, middle, lower, front and back parts of the jujube canopy. Droplets in the leaves were collected with droplet collection cards. After each flight spray test, the droplet collection cards were taken back to the laboratory for data processing. The effective spraying width was determined based on droplet density. The droplet deposition amount in different parts of jujube canopy was determined using droplet counting cards, and the parameters of droplet deposition distribution pattern(density of droplet deposition, droplet deposition and distribution uniformity) were calculated for different layers of the canopy.【Results】The results showed that the effective spraying width was 35 meters when the working height of the helicopter was 6 meters. The effective spraying width was 40 meters when the working height was 8 meters. It became 50 meters when the working height increased to 10 meters. The total quantity of droplet deposition at the targets was the lowest when the flight altitude was 10 meters but highest when the flight height was 6 meters. The droplet deposition and uniformity were different at the upper, middle and bottom of jujube canopies when the working height was different. The quantity of droplet deposition in upper and middle of jujube canopies was higher than at the bottom of the canopy.The reason may be that the leaves at the upper and middle canopy prevented drops from penetrating into the lower part. When the working height was 6 meters, the wind generated by the helicopter increased the penetrability of the fog droplets. Therefore, droplet deposition was found at each sampling position of the canopy, and the spraying effect was the best. At the same working height, the coefficient of variation of droplet density was smaller in the upper surface of the leaves than in the lower surface,and the deposition uniformity of the droplets in the upper surface was better. When the height was 6 meters, the variation coefficient of droplet density in the leaves was generally small, and the deposition uniformity of the droplets was the best. The variation coefficient of droplet density increased with the increase in working height of the helicopter, and thus the distribution uniformity of droplets became worse.【Conclusion】Flight height and spraying width of the B-7451 helicopter had a significant impact on the sprayed droplet deposition uniformity. Based on our results, we recommend a working height of the helicopter of 6 meters together with a spraying distance of 35 meters for spraying pesticides using B-7451 helicopter.
【Objective】In order to explore the distribution pattern and application prospect of B-7451 helicopter as a sprayer in jujube orchards, the effects of spraying width of the helicopter and other flight parameters on the distribution of droplet deposition were studied.【Methods】The experiment used a water-soluble fertilizer for spray test at different the heights including 6, 8 and 10 meters. The sampling points were the upper, middle, lower, front and back parts of the jujube canopy. Droplets in the leaves were collected with droplet collection cards. After each flight spray test, the droplet collection cards were taken back to the laboratory for data processing. The effective spraying width was determined based on droplet density. The droplet deposition amount in different parts of jujube canopy was determined using droplet counting cards, and the parameters of droplet deposition distribution pattern(density of droplet deposition, droplet deposition and distribution uniformity) were calculated for different layers of the canopy.【Results】The results showed that the effective spraying width was 35 meters when the working height of the helicopter was 6 meters. The effective spraying width was 40 meters when the working height was 8 meters. It became 50 meters when the working height increased to 10 meters. The total quantity of droplet deposition at the targets was the lowest when the flight altitude was 10 meters but highest when the flight height was 6 meters. The droplet deposition and uniformity were different at the upper, middle and bottom of jujube canopies when the working height was different. The quantity of droplet deposition in upper and middle of jujube canopies was higher than at the bottom of the canopy.The reason may be that the leaves at the upper and middle canopy prevented drops from penetrating into the lower part. When the working height was 6 meters, the wind generated by the helicopter increased the penetrability of the fog droplets. Therefore, droplet deposition was found at each sampling position of the canopy, and the spraying effect was the best. At the same working height, the coefficient of variation of droplet density was smaller in the upper surface of the leaves than in the lower surface,and the deposition uniformity of the droplets in the upper surface was better. When the height was 6 meters, the variation coefficient of droplet density in the leaves was generally small, and the deposition uniformity of the droplets was the best. The variation coefficient of droplet density increased with the increase in working height of the helicopter, and thus the distribution uniformity of droplets became worse.【Conclusion】Flight height and spraying width of the B-7451 helicopter had a significant impact on the sprayed droplet deposition uniformity. Based on our results, we recommend a working height of the helicopter of 6 meters together with a spraying distance of 35 meters for spraying pesticides using B-7451 helicopter.
引文
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[2]张栋海,李克福,赵思峰.新疆南疆矮化密植枣园三种红枣病害发生规律及其影响因素研究[J].北方园艺,2015(3):105-108.ZHANG Donghai,LI Kefu,ZHAO Sifeng.Study on law and its influence factors of three main jujube diseases in south Xinjiang under dwarf and close planting managements[J].Northern Horticulture,2015(3):105-108.
[3]赵燕,郭庆元,王洪凯,王登元,张燕南,何建,约麦尔·依萨米丁.新疆红枣病害种类及田间发生[J].新疆农业科学,2015,52(3):511-516,589.ZHAO Yan,GUO Qingyuan,WANG Hongkai,WANG Dengyuan,ZHANG Yannan,HE Jian,YUEMAIER·Yisamiding.Investigation of Chinese jujube diseases and their field occurrence in Xinjiang[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2015,52(3):511-516,589.
[4]漆联全.新疆红枣产业的现状、要求及其发展趋势[J].新疆农业科学,2014,47(S2):8-12.QI Lianquan.Current situation in Xinjiang jujube industry requirements and trends[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2014,47(S2):8-12.
[5]薛新宇,梁建,傅锡敏.我国航空植保技术的发展前景[J].中国农机化,2008(5):72-74.XUE Xinyu,LIANG Jian,FU Ximin.Prospect of aviation plant protection in China[J].Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2008(5):72-74.
[6]张国庆.农业航空技术研究述评与新型农业航空技术研究[J].江西林业科技,2011(1):25-31.ZHANG Guoqing.Review of agricultural aviation technologies and research of New-type agricultural aviation technologies[J].Jiangxi Forestry Science and Technology,2011(1):25-31.
[7]周志燕,臧英,罗锡文,兰玉彬,薛新宇.中国农业航空植保产业技术创新发展战略[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(24):1-10.ZHOU Zhiyan,ZANG Ying,LUO Xiwen,LAN Yubin,XUXinyu.Teachnology innovation development strategy on agricultural aviation industry for plant protection in China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(24):1-10.
[8]高圆圆.无人直升机(UAV)低空低容量喷洒农药雾滴在禾本科作物冠层的沉积分布及防治效果研究[D].沈阳:东北农业大学,2013.GAO Yuanyuan.Study on distribution of pesticide droplets in gramineous crop cantrol effect sprayed by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)[D].Shenyang:Northeast Agricultural University,2013.
[9]FRITZ B K,KIRK I W,HOFFMANN W C.Aerial application methods for increasing spray deposition on wheat heads[J].Transactions of the ASABE,2006,22(3):357-364.
[10]黄向东,方志蓉.超轻型直升飞机与固定翼飞机在森林病虫害防治应用中的比较研究[J].长沙电力学院学报(自然科学版),1999,14(3):279-281.HUANG Xiangdong,FANG Zhirong.Study on comparing helicopter with plane application in forest pest and disease control[J].Journal of Changsha University of Electric Power(Natural Science),1999,14(3):279-281.
[11]茹煜,贾志成,范庆妮,车军.无人直升机远程控制喷雾系统[J].农业机械学报,2013,43(6):47-52.RU Yu,JIA Zhicheng,FAN Qingni,CHE Jun.Remote control spraying system based on unmanned helicopter[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,43(6):47-52.
[12]周宏平,茹煜,舒朝然,贾志成.航空静电喷雾装置的改进及效果试验[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(12):7-12.ZHOU Hongping,RU Yu,SHU Chaoran,JIA Zhicheng.Improvement and experiment of aerial electrostatic spray device[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2012,28(12):7-12.
[13]RICHARDSON B,THISTLE H W.Measured and prediction aerial spray interception by a young pinus radiate canopy[J].Transactions of the ASABE,2005,49(1):15-23.
[14]薛新宇,兰玉彬.美国农业航空技术现状和发展趋势分析[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(5):194-199.XUE Xinyu,LAN Yubin.Agricultural aviation applications in USA[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(5):194-199.
[15]MING Y T,KAI E,JAYAR,MICHAELG Y,ALLAN S F,VIN-CENT R H,RICHARD A F.The Washington aerial spray drift study:Modeling pesticide spray drift deposition from an aerial application[J].Atmospheric Environment,2005,39(33):6194-6203.
[16]PHAM PX,KOURMATZIS A,MASRI A R.Local characteristics of fragments in atomizing sprays[J].Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science,2018,95:44-51
[17]TAMHANKAR Y,KINGB,WHITELEYJ,MCCARLEYK,CAIT,RESETARITSM,AICHELEC.Interfacial area measurements and surface area quantification for spray absorption[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2015,156:311-320
[18]张京,何雄奎,宋坚利,曾爱军,刘亚佳,李学锋.无人驾驶直升机航空喷雾参数对雾滴沉积的影响[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(12):94-96.ZHANG Jing,HE Xiongkui,SONG Jianli,ZENG Aijun,LIU-Yajia,LIXuefeng.Influence of spraying parameters of unmanned aircraft on droplets deposition[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(12):94-96.
[19]高圆圆,张玉涛,张宁,牛亮,郑万文,袁会珠.小型无人机低空喷洒在小麦田的雾滴沉积分布及对小麦吸浆虫的防治效果初探[J].作物杂志,2013,2:139-142.GAO Yuanyuan,ZHANG Yutao,ZHANG Ning,NIU Liang,ZHENG Wanwen,YUAN Huizhu.The low air spraying of small unmanned aerial vehicles in small wheat fields and the prevention and control effect of wheat Suckling insects[J].Crops,2013,2:139-142.
[20]HUANG Y,THOMSON S J.Characterization of In-Swath spray deposition for CP-11TT Flat-Fan nozzles used in low-volume aerial application of crop production and protection materials[J].Transactions of the ASABE,2011,54(6):1973-1979.
[21]张海星,茹煜.自走式旋翼气流静电喷杆喷雾机喷雾性能测试[J].农机化研究,2017,39(7):164-168.ZHANG Haixing,RU Yu.Self-propelled rotary wing air flow electrostatic spray boom sprayer performance test[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2017,39(7):164-168.
[22]陈盛德,兰玉彬,李继宇,徐小杰,王志国,彭斌.植保无人机航空喷施作业有效喷幅的评定与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(7):82-90.CHEN Shengde,LAN Yubin,LI Jiyu,XU Xiaojie,WANG Zhiguo,PENG Bin.Evaluation and Test of Effective Spraying of Aviation Spraying[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(7):82-90.
[23]陈盛德,兰玉彬,李继宇,周志艳,金济,刘爱民.小型无人直升机喷雾参数对杂交水稻冠层雾滴沉积分布的影响[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(17):40-46.CHEN Shengde,LAN Yubin,LI Jiyu,ZHOU Zhiyan,JIN Ji,LIU Aimin.Effect of spray parameters of small unmanned helicopter on the distribution of canopy droplets in hybrid rice[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(17):40-46.
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