6061铝合金表面新型黄色微弧氧化陶瓷层的制备与表征
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摘要
目的研究6061铝合金表面新型微弧氧化黄色陶瓷层的制备工艺,并对其微观结构、成分、硬度、耐蚀性能等进行表征。方法在以Na_2SiO_3为基础的电解液中加入Na_2SnO_3进行微弧氧化处理,制备出黄色微弧氧化陶瓷层,并与传统白色、黄色、黑色微弧氧化陶瓷层作对比。采用SEM和EDS分析膜层表面形貌和元素分布,借用XPS对膜层进行成分表征,使用硬度计测试其表面硬度,采用电化学工作站和人造海水腐蚀实验评价陶瓷层的抗腐蚀性能。结果随着电解液中Na_2Sn O_3浓度的增加,陶瓷层中Sn元素含量增加,Si元素含量减少,陶瓷层黄色饱和度不断增强。黄色含Sn陶瓷层制备过程中,电解液中的SnO_3~(2-)在高温高压下转化为SnO_2,导致陶瓷层硬度达到365HV,高于白色与黑色陶瓷层。在3.5%NaCl溶液中进行电化学测试,黄色含Sn陶瓷层的腐蚀电流密度与腐蚀电位分别为9.34×10~(-9) A/cm~2和-0.34 V,耐蚀性优于白色和黄色含Mn陶瓷层。结论在电解液中添加Na_2Sn O_3可在铝合金表面生成具有较高硬度和耐蚀性能良好的类似沙漠黄色的陶瓷层,为铝及其合金在多领域的应用奠定了一定的实验基础。
The work aims to study the preparation process of new yellow ceramic coating on 6061 aluminum alloy by micro arc oxidation(MAO)and characterize the microstructure,composition,hardness and corrosion resistance of the coating.Na_2SnO_3 was added into the base Na_2SiO_3 for the MAO treatment to prepare a new yellow MAO ceramic coating which was compared with the white,yellow or black MAO ceramic coatings.The morphology and element distribution were analyzed by SEM and EDS.The composition of the coatings was characterized by XPS.The surface hardness was tested by hardness tester.The corrosion resistance of the ceramic coatings was evaluated by electrochemical workstation and artificial seawater corrosion tests.With the increase of Na_2SnO_3 concentration in the electrolyte,the content of Sn element in the yellow ceramic coating increased,the content of Si element decreased,and the yellow degree of the ceramic coatings increased continuously.During the preparation of the Sn-containing yellow ceramic coating,the SnO_3~(2-)in the electrolyte was converted into SnO_2 under high temperature and high pressure,resulting in a hardness(365HV)higher than that of the white and black ceramic coatings.The corrosion current density and corrosion potential of Sn-containing yellow ceramic coating were 9.34×10~(-9) A/cm~2 and-0.34 V,respectively after the electrochemical test in 3.5% NaCl solution.The corrosion resistance was better than that of the white and yellow Mn-containing ceramic coatings.The addition of Na_2SnO_3 can produce a desert-like yellow ceramic coating with high hardness and corrosion resistance on aluminum alloy,which lays an experimental foundation for the application of aluminum and its alloys in many fields.
The work aims to study the preparation process of new yellow ceramic coating on 6061 aluminum alloy by micro arc oxidation(MAO)and characterize the microstructure,composition,hardness and corrosion resistance of the coating.Na_2SnO_3 was added into the base Na_2SiO_3 for the MAO treatment to prepare a new yellow MAO ceramic coating which was compared with the white,yellow or black MAO ceramic coatings.The morphology and element distribution were analyzed by SEM and EDS.The composition of the coatings was characterized by XPS.The surface hardness was tested by hardness tester.The corrosion resistance of the ceramic coatings was evaluated by electrochemical workstation and artificial seawater corrosion tests.With the increase of Na_2SnO_3 concentration in the electrolyte,the content of Sn element in the yellow ceramic coating increased,the content of Si element decreased,and the yellow degree of the ceramic coatings increased continuously.During the preparation of the Sn-containing yellow ceramic coating,the SnO_3~(2-)in the electrolyte was converted into SnO_2 under high temperature and high pressure,resulting in a hardness(365HV)higher than that of the white and black ceramic coatings.The corrosion current density and corrosion potential of Sn-containing yellow ceramic coating were 9.34×10~(-9) A/cm~2 and-0.34 V,respectively after the electrochemical test in 3.5% NaCl solution.The corrosion resistance was better than that of the white and yellow Mn-containing ceramic coatings.The addition of Na_2SnO_3 can produce a desert-like yellow ceramic coating with high hardness and corrosion resistance on aluminum alloy,which lays an experimental foundation for the application of aluminum and its alloys in many fields.
引文
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[27]赵晴,周永峰,周海飞,等.α-Al2O3微粒对铸造Al-Si合金微弧氧化膜耐蚀性的影响[J].表面技术,2016,45(3):120-126.ZHAO Qing,ZHOU Yong-feng,ZHOU Hai-fei,et al.Effect ofα-Al2O3 microparticles on corrosion resistance of microarc oxidation coating formed on Al-Si cast alloy in electrolyte[J].Surface technology,2016,45(3):120-126.
[2]SHAO L L,LI H T,JIANG B L,et al.A Comparative study of corrosion behavior of hard anodized and micro-arc oxidation coatings on 7050 aluminum alloy[J].Metals-Open access metallurgy journal,2018,8(3):165.
[3]KASEEM M,YONG H L,KO Y G.Incorporation of Mo O2,and ZrO2,particles into the oxide film formed on7075 Al alloy via micro-arc oxidation[J].Materials letters2016,182:260-263.
[4]LOTO R T,ADELEKE A.Corrosion of aluminum alloy metal matrix composites in neutral chloride solutions[J].Journal of failure analysis and prevention,2016,16(5):1-12.
[5]杨天恩,熊计,姚春明,等.微量稀土La改性6063铝合金及其氧化着色膜的研究[J].热加工工艺,2018,47(2):199-203,207.YANG Tian-en,XIONG Ji,YAO Chun-ming,et al.Study on modification of rare-earth La to 6063 aluminum alloys and its anodized coloured membrane[J].Hot working technology,2018,47(2):199-203,207.
[6]崔联合,张军,曹红卫.6061铝合金微弧氧化着色工艺研究[J].表面技术,2011,40(1):93-95.CUI Lian-he,ZHANG Jun,CAO Hong-wei.Study on coloring of micro-arc axidation of 6061 aluminum alloy[J].Surface technology,2011,40(1):93-95.
[7]HAKIMIZAD A,RAEISSI K,ASHRAFIZADEH F.Characterization of aluminum anodized layers modified in sulfuric and phosphoric acid baths and their effect on conventional electrolytic coloring[J].Surface and coatings technology,2012,206(8):2438-2445.
[8]AHMADI A,NOROUZI P,GANJALI M R.Study of corrosion resistance of colored anodized aluminum with quinizarin using cyclic voltammetry and impedance measurement methods[J].Progress in organic coatings,2006,56(2):227-233.
[9]WU H H,WANG J B,LONG B Y,et al.Ultra-hard ceramic coatings fabricated through microarc oxidation on aluminium alloy[J].Applied surface science,2005,252(5):1545-1552.
[10]YEH S C,TSAI D S,WANG J M,et al.Coloration of the aluminum alloy surface with dye emulsions while growing a plasma electrolytic oxide layer[J].Surface and coatings technology,2016,287:61-66.
[11]袁烁,林乃明,邹娇娟,等.镁合金和钛合金表面着色工艺研究进展[J].表面技术,2017,46(10):185-193.YUAN Shuo,LIN Nai-ming,ZOU Jiao-juan,et al.Surface coloring process for magnesium alloy and titanium alloy surfaces[J].Surface technology,2017,46(10):185-193.
[12]高引慧,李文芳,杜军,等.镁合金微弧氧化黄色陶瓷膜的制备和结构研究[J].材料科学与工程学报,2005,23(4):542-545.GAO Yin-hui,LI Wen-fang,DU Jun,et al.Preparation and micro-structures of yellow ceramic coating by micro-arc oxidation[J].Journal of materials science and engineering,2005,23(4):542-545.
[13]张苏雅,蒋百灵,房爱存.草酸钛钾在铝合金微弧氧化过程中的着色机制[J].中国表面工程,2015,28(1):90-95.ZHANG Su-ya,JIANG Bai-ling,FANG Ai-cun.Colouring mechanism of K2TiO(C2O4)2 in micro-arc oxidation of aluminum alloy[J].China surface engineering,2015,28(1):90-95.
[14]YANG W,JIANG B L,SHI H Y,et al.Effects of KMnO4on microstructure and corrosion resistance of microarc oxidation coatings on 2024 aluminum alloy[J].Journal of Central South University,2010,17(2):223-227.
[15]王静.铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷层整体着色与表面染色研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2016.WANG Jing.Study of whole coloring and surface dyeing of micro arc oxidation ceramic layers on aluminum alloy[D].Xi'an:Xi'an University of Technology,2016.
[16]YANG W,XU D P,CHEN J,et al.Characterization of self-sealing MAO ceramic coatings with green or black color on an Al alloy[J].RSC advances,2017,7(3):1597-1605.
[17]YANG W,WANG J L,XU D P,et al.Characterization and formation mechanism of grey micro-arc oxidation coatings on magnesium alloy[J].Surface and coatings technology,2015,283:281-285.
[18]YANG W,XU D P,YAO X F,et al.Stable preparation and characterization of yellow micro arc oxidation coating on magnesium alloy[J].Journal of alloys and compounds,2018,745:609-616.
[19]郝建民,魏小旖,陈永楠,等.1060铝合金微弧氧化黑色陶瓷膜显色特性及着色机理[J].表面技术,2014,43(1):44-49.HAO Jian-min,WEI Xiao-yi,CHEN Yong-nan,et al Color characteristic and formation mechanism of black ceramic coating by micro arc oxidation on 1060 aluminum alloy[J].Surface technology,2014,43(1):44-49.
[20]王胜,阎峰云.镁合金微弧氧化制备浅绿色陶瓷膜[J].有色金属工程,2014,4(3):36-38.WANG Sheng,YAN Feng-yun.Light green ceramic film prepared by micro-arc oxidation of magnesium alloy[J].Nonferrous metals engineering,2014,4(3):36-38.
[21]金光,李玉海,张罡,等.LY12铝合金天蓝色微弧氧化膜层的制备及其耐磨性能[J].金属热处理,2009,34(5):61-63.JIN Guang,LI Yu-hai,ZHANG Gang,et al.Preparation and wear resistance of sky-blue film on LY12 aluminum alloy by micro-arc oxidation[J].Heat treatment of metals,2009,34(5):61-63.
[22]YANG X W,MA A,LIU H,et al.Microstructure and corrosion resistance of yellow MAO coatings[J].Surface engineering,2018,35(4):1-9.
[23]GB/T 10834-2008,船舶漆-耐盐水性的测定-盐水和热盐水浸泡法[S].GB/T 10834-2008,Ship coatings-determination of resistanceto salt water-saltwater and hot salt water immersion method[S].
[24]LI J M,CAI H,JIANG B L.Growth mechanism of black ceramic layers formed by microarc oxidation[J].Surface and coatings technology,2007,201(21):8702-8708.
[25]BECERIK D A,AYDAY A,KUMRUOGLU L C,et al.The Effects of Na2Si O3 concentration on the properties of plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings on 6060 aluminum alloy[J].Journal of materials engineering and performance,2012,21(7):1426-1430.
[26]王晓波,全风美,姜云波,等.LF6铝合金表面微弧氧化膜层表征及耐腐蚀性研究[J].热加工工艺,2017(8):185-188.WANG Xiao-bo,QUAN Feng-mei,JIANG Yun-bo,et al.Characterization and corrosion resistance of micro-arc oxidation coatings on LF6 aluminum alloy[J].Hot working technology,2017(8):185-188.
[27]赵晴,周永峰,周海飞,等.α-Al2O3微粒对铸造Al-Si合金微弧氧化膜耐蚀性的影响[J].表面技术,2016,45(3):120-126.ZHAO Qing,ZHOU Yong-feng,ZHOU Hai-fei,et al.Effect ofα-Al2O3 microparticles on corrosion resistance of microarc oxidation coating formed on Al-Si cast alloy in electrolyte[J].Surface technology,2016,45(3):120-126.