南方红壤区土壤侵蚀强度评价及空间分布特征
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摘要
以2016年GeoEye遥感影像为基础数据源,通过ENVI软件提取植被覆盖度和土地利用类型数据,结合DEM数据,提取研究区土壤侵蚀等级图,定量分析南方红壤侵蚀区朱溪小流域的土壤侵蚀空间分布现状以及不同地形、土壤因子下土壤侵蚀面积的分布.结果表明:强烈、极强烈、剧烈侵蚀面积主要分布在小流域东北和东南部,西南部以轻度和中度侵蚀为主.水土流失面积中,中度侵蚀面积最大,占水土流失总面积的32.87%,其次为轻度和强烈面积比例分别为21.61%、22.48%.水土流失面积均随着高程、坡度和有机质质量分数的增加先增大后减小.土壤容重在1.25～1.30 g·cm~(-3)之间时,主要表现为轻度、中度、强烈侵蚀.生产活动中,需合理开垦耕地,转变不合理的土地利用方式,减少植被的破坏.
Through the ENVI software,vegetation coverage and land use type were extracted from GeoEye remote sensing image in 2016,and slope was created from DEM data.This article got the soil erosion classification of Zhuxi small watershed which was typical soil erosion area by using the spatial analysis function to stack the layers of vegetation coverage,land use type and slope,to quantitatively analyze the present spatial distribution of soil erosion and reveal relationship between the soil erosion area with terrain and edaphic factors.The results showed that the area of intensity,extreme intensity and severe erosion mainly distributed in the northeast and the southeast of the watershed.Slight and moderate soil erosion mainly dominated in the southwest of watershed.In the slightly and highly area of soil erosion,the largest area was moderate erosion,accounting for 32.87%of soil erosion total area,and the proportion of light and intensity area of soil erosion was 21.61% and 22.48%.The area of soil erosion increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of altitude,slope and soil organic content.The micro,mild and moderate soil erosion were the main erosion level in the soil volume weight range of 1.25～1.30 g·cm~(-3).In production activities,it is necessary to change unreasonable land use types and reduce damage of vegetation.
Through the ENVI software,vegetation coverage and land use type were extracted from GeoEye remote sensing image in 2016,and slope was created from DEM data.This article got the soil erosion classification of Zhuxi small watershed which was typical soil erosion area by using the spatial analysis function to stack the layers of vegetation coverage,land use type and slope,to quantitatively analyze the present spatial distribution of soil erosion and reveal relationship between the soil erosion area with terrain and edaphic factors.The results showed that the area of intensity,extreme intensity and severe erosion mainly distributed in the northeast and the southeast of the watershed.Slight and moderate soil erosion mainly dominated in the southwest of watershed.In the slightly and highly area of soil erosion,the largest area was moderate erosion,accounting for 32.87%of soil erosion total area,and the proportion of light and intensity area of soil erosion was 21.61% and 22.48%.The area of soil erosion increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of altitude,slope and soil organic content.The micro,mild and moderate soil erosion were the main erosion level in the soil volume weight range of 1.25～1.30 g·cm~(-3).In production activities,it is necessary to change unreasonable land use types and reduce damage of vegetation.
引文
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[17]李晓锦.基于混合像元分解的植被覆盖度估算及动态变化分析[D].西安:西北大学,2011.
[18]杨现羽.不同坡度、垄沟位置及配置对坡面土壤水土流失的影响研究[D].晋中:山西农业大学,2016.
[19]丛鑫,边振,薛春珂,等.不同坡度条件下的水土流失特征研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2017 (5):124-128.
[20]刘刚,闫静雯,谢云,等.黑土坡耕地土壤有机质空间变异及其与土壤侵蚀的关系——以黑龙江省鹤山农场为例[J].地理科学,2016,36(11):1751-1758.
[21]金旭.宁化紫色土区不同生态恢复措施下物种多样性与土壤理化性质研究[D].福州:福建师范大学,2014.
[22]刘小梅,吕殿青.土壤容重对红壤坡地降雨侵蚀和入渗的影响[J].长沙大学学报,2013,27(2):13-15.
[2]孙小涛,周忠发,陈全,等.重点生态功能区水土流失敏感性评价与分布研究——以贵州省雷山县为例[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(6):73-78.
[3]代士良.康保县土地利用与土壤侵蚀关系研究[D].北京:首都师范大学,2009.
[4]谭炳香,李增元,王彦辉,等.基于遥感数据的流域土壤侵蚀强度快速估测方法[J].遥感技术与应用,2005(2):215-220.
[5]黄坤.红壤侵蚀区植被因子提取及小流域水土流失快速监测方法[D].福州:福建师范大学,2011.
[6]赵岩洁,李阳兵,冯永丽.三峡库区紫色岩小流域土壤侵蚀强度动态监测[J].资源科学,2012,34(6):1125-1133.
[7]李阳兵,邵景安,杨华,等.重庆市土壤侵蚀空间格局研究[J].重庆师范大学学报(自然科学版),2007 (4):12-15.
[8]周自翔,任志远.GIS支持下的土地利用与土壤侵蚀强度相关性研究——以陕北黄土高原为例[J].生态学杂志,2006(6):629-634.
[9]李月臣,刘春霞,赵纯勇,等.三峡库区(重庆段)土壤侵蚀敏感性评价及其空间分异特征[J].生态学报,2009,29(2):788-796.
[10]舒天竹,王晓红.基于3S技术的地形起伏度与区域土壤侵蚀的相关性研究[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(4):127-132.
[11]杨波,王全九,郝姗姗.佳芦河流域1988—2013年土壤侵蚀时空变化特征[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(5):87-92.
[12]谢颖颖,邵争,兰小机,等.喀斯特山区土地利用变化与土壤侵蚀耦合关系研究——以毕节试验区为例[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(6):1-5.
[13]吴芳芳,曹月娥,卢刚,等.准东地区土壤风蚀影响因子分析与风蚀量估算[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(6):56-60.
[14]鄢新余,陈志强,黄锦祥,等.南方红壤侵蚀区典型小流域土壤侵蚀敏感性研究[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(2):7-10.
[15]陈海滨,陈志彪,陈志强.南方红壤侵蚀区地形对土壤有机质空间分布的影响——以长汀县河田地区为例[J].福建农业学报,2010,25(3):369-373.
[16]鄢新余.南方红壤侵蚀区芒萁生长特征及土壤养分效应[D].福州:福建师范大学,2015.
[17]李晓锦.基于混合像元分解的植被覆盖度估算及动态变化分析[D].西安:西北大学,2011.
[18]杨现羽.不同坡度、垄沟位置及配置对坡面土壤水土流失的影响研究[D].晋中:山西农业大学,2016.
[19]丛鑫,边振,薛春珂,等.不同坡度条件下的水土流失特征研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2017 (5):124-128.
[20]刘刚,闫静雯,谢云,等.黑土坡耕地土壤有机质空间变异及其与土壤侵蚀的关系——以黑龙江省鹤山农场为例[J].地理科学,2016,36(11):1751-1758.
[21]金旭.宁化紫色土区不同生态恢复措施下物种多样性与土壤理化性质研究[D].福州:福建师范大学,2014.
[22]刘小梅,吕殿青.土壤容重对红壤坡地降雨侵蚀和入渗的影响[J].长沙大学学报,2013,27(2):13-15.