Taxonomic revision of Gelidium tsengii and Gelidium honghaiwanense sp. nov.(Gelidiales, Rhodophyta) from China based upon molecular and morphological data analyses
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摘要
The taxonomic relationship of Chinese Gelidium tsengii and Gelidium johnstonii was ambiguous. For almost 20 years they have been regarded as distinct taxa and until 2002 G. johnstonii was considered as a misapplied name of G. tsengii. In this study, herbarium specimens that initially attributed to G. tsengii and fresh G. tsengii specimens were used to address the taxonomic issues. In phylogenetic studies, G. tsengii from Dayawan, China, near the type locality of G. tsengii and G. johnstonii from Sonora, Mexico, the type locality of G. johnstonii, formed a monophyletic group with maximum support in r bc L and COI genes analyses, indicating that they were genetically identical. In morphological studies, G. tsengii was similar to G. johnstonii in branching pattern, inner structures and fructiferous organs. Consequently, we considered that semi-circular outline of G. tsengii could no longer be treated as a discrimating feature. G. johnstonii had priority of publication and according to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, G. tsengii was proposed as a synonym of G. johnstonii. Gelidium honghaiwanense sp. nov. was described from Guangdong, China on the basis of morphological and molecular data. For vegetative structures, it was characterized by flattened upright frond, regular two-three times branches pinnate or alternate and clavate ultimate branchlets. For reproductive structures, the tetrasporangial sori were in the apical part of branches and the tetrasporangial branchlets were distichously distributed along second order branches. The present study clarified the relationship between G. tsengii and G. johnstonii from Guangdong and added a new Gelidium species to the Chinese algal flora.
The taxonomic relationship of Chinese Gelidium tsengii and Gelidium johnstonii was ambiguous. For almost 20 years they have been regarded as distinct taxa and until 2002 G. johnstonii was considered as a misapplied name of G. tsengii. In this study, herbarium specimens that initially attributed to G. tsengii and fresh G. tsengii specimens were used to address the taxonomic issues. In phylogenetic studies, G. tsengii from Dayawan, China, near the type locality of G. tsengii and G. johnstonii from Sonora, Mexico, the type locality of G. johnstonii, formed a monophyletic group with maximum support in r bc L and COI genes analyses, indicating that they were genetically identical. In morphological studies, G. tsengii was similar to G. johnstonii in branching pattern, inner structures and fructiferous organs. Consequently, we considered that semi-circular outline of G. tsengii could no longer be treated as a discrimating feature. G. johnstonii had priority of publication and according to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, G. tsengii was proposed as a synonym of G. johnstonii. Gelidium honghaiwanense sp. nov. was described from Guangdong, China on the basis of morphological and molecular data. For vegetative structures, it was characterized by flattened upright frond, regular two-three times branches pinnate or alternate and clavate ultimate branchlets. For reproductive structures, the tetrasporangial sori were in the apical part of branches and the tetrasporangial branchlets were distichously distributed along second order branches. The present study clarified the relationship between G. tsengii and G. johnstonii from Guangdong and added a new Gelidium species to the Chinese algal flora.
The taxonomic relationship of Chinese Gelidium tsengii and Gelidium johnstonii was ambiguous. For almost 20 years they have been regarded as distinct taxa and until 2002 G. johnstonii was considered as a misapplied name of G. tsengii. In this study, herbarium specimens that initially attributed to G. tsengii and fresh G. tsengii specimens were used to address the taxonomic issues. In phylogenetic studies, G. tsengii from Dayawan, China, near the type locality of G. tsengii and G. johnstonii from Sonora, Mexico, the type locality of G. johnstonii, formed a monophyletic group with maximum support in r bc L and COI genes analyses, indicating that they were genetically identical. In morphological studies, G. tsengii was similar to G. johnstonii in branching pattern, inner structures and fructiferous organs. Consequently, we considered that semi-circular outline of G. tsengii could no longer be treated as a discrimating feature. G. johnstonii had priority of publication and according to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, G. tsengii was proposed as a synonym of G. johnstonii. Gelidium honghaiwanense sp. nov. was described from Guangdong, China on the basis of morphological and molecular data. For vegetative structures, it was characterized by flattened upright frond, regular two-three times branches pinnate or alternate and clavate ultimate branchlets. For reproductive structures, the tetrasporangial sori were in the apical part of branches and the tetrasporangial branchlets were distichously distributed along second order branches. The present study clarified the relationship between G. tsengii and G. johnstonii from Guangdong and added a new Gelidium species to the Chinese algal flora.
引文
Boo G H,Kim K M,Nelson W A,Riosmena-Rodríguez R,Yoon K J,Boo S M.2014.Taxonomy and distribution of selected species of the agarophyte genus Gelidium(Gelidiales,Rhodophyta).Journal of Applied Phycology,26(2):1 243-1 251.
Boo G H,Park J K,Boo S M.2013.Gelidiophycus(Rhodophyta:Gelidiales):a new genus of marine algae from East Asia.Taxon,62(6):1 105-1 116.
Chang C F,Xia E Z.1986.On Gelidium vagum Okam.and G.grubbae Fan.Oceanol.Limnol.Sinica,17(6):521-526.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Darriba D,Taboada G L,Doallo R,Posada D.2012.j Model Test2:more models,new heuristics and parallel computing.Nature Methods,9(8):772.
Fan K C.1951.The genera Gelidium and Pterocladia of Taiwan.Taiwan Fish.Res.Inst.Lab.Bio.Rep.,2:1-22.
Fan K C.1961.Two new species of Gelidium from China.Botanica Marina,2(3-4):247-249.
Freshwater D W,Fredericq S,Hommersand M H.1995.Amolecular phylogeny of the Gelidiales(Rhodophyta)based on analysis of plastid rbc L nucleotide sequences.Journal of Phycology,31(4):616-632.
Freshwater D W,Rueness J.1994.Phylogenetic relationships of some European Gelidium(Gelidiales,Rhodophyta)species,based on rbc L nucleotide sequence analysis.Phycologia,33(3):187-194.
Freshwater D W,Tudor K,O’Shaughnessy K,Wysor B.2010.DNA barcoding in the red algal order Gelidiales:comparison of COI with rbc L and verifi cation of the“barcoding gap”.Cryptogam.Algol.,31(4):435-449.
Geraldino P J L,Yang E C,Boo S M.2006.Morphology and molecular phylogeny of Hypnea fl exicaulis(Gigartinales,Rhodophyta)from Korea.Algae,21(4):417-423.
Grubb V M.1932.Marine algae of Korea and China,with notes on the distribution of Chinese marine algae.J.Bot.,70(837):245-251.
Grusz A L,Freshwater D W.2014.Studies of Costa Rican Gelidiales(Florideophyceae).II.Two Pacifi c taxa including Gelidium microglossum,n.sp.Pacifi c Science,68(1):97-110.
Guindon S,Gascuel O.2003.A simple,fast,and accurate algorithm to estimate large phylogenies by Maximum Likelihood.Systematic Biology,52(5):696-704.
Guiry M D,Guiry G M.2015.Algae Base.World-wide electronic publication,National University of Ireland,Galway.http://www.algaebase.org.
Jeanmougin F,Thompson J D,Gouy M,Higgins D G,Gibson T J.1998.Multiple sequence alignment with Clustal X.Trends in Biochemical Sciences,23(10):403-405.
Kim K M,Boo S M.2012.Phylogenetic relationships and distribution of Gelidium crinale and G.pusillum(Gelidiales,Rhodophyta)using cox 1 and rbc L sequences.Algae,27(2):83-94.
Kim K M,Gerung G S,Boo S M.2011a.Two-gene sequences and morphology of Gelidium zollingeri(Kutzing)comb.nov.(Gelidiales,Rhodophyta).Algae,26(1):33-40.
Kim K M,Hwang I K H,Park J K,Boo S M.2011b.A new agarophyte species,Gelidium eucorneum sp.nov.(Gelidiales,Rhodophyta),based on molecular and morphological data.Journal of Phycology,47(4):904-910.
Kim K M,Hwang I K,Yoon H S,Boo S M.2012.Four novel Gelidium species(Gelidiales,Rhodophyta)discovered in Korea:G.coreanum,G.jejuensis,G.minimum and G.prostratum.Phycologia,51(4):461-474.
Kützing F T.1847.Diagnosen einiger neuen ausl?ndischen Algenspecies,welche sich in der Sammlung des Herrn Kammerdirectors Klenze in Laubach befi nden.Flora,30:773-776.
Lamouroux J V F.1813.Essai sur les genres de la famille des thalassiophytes non articulées.Annales du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle[Paris],20:21-47,115-139,267-293.
Millar A J K,Freshwater D W.2005.Morphology and molecular phylogeny of the marine algal order Gelidiales(Rhodophyta)from New South Wales,including Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands.Australian Systematic Botany,18(3):215.
Nelson W A,Farr T J,Broom J E S.2006.Phylogenetic diversity of New Zealand Gelidiales as revealed by rbc Lsequence data.Journal of Applied Phycology,18(3-5):653-661.
Norris J N.2014.Marine Algae of the Northern Gulf of California II:Rhodophyta.Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press,Washington,DC.p.1-574.
Okamura K.1934.On Gelidium and Pterocladia of Japan.Journal of Imperial Fisheries Institute,29(2):47-67.
Okamura K.1935.Taiwan-san Tengusa ni Tsuite Japan.Assoc.Adv.Sci.,10:441-443.(in Japanese)
Ronquist F,Huelsenbeck J P.2003.Mr Bayes 3:bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models.Bioinformatics,19(12):1 572-1 574.
Santelices B.1988.Taxonomic studies on Chinese Gelidiales(Rhodophyta).In:Abbott I A ed.Taxonomy of Economic Seaweeds:with Reference to Some Pacifi c and Caribbean Species.California Sea Grant College,University of California,La Jolla,CA.2:91-107.
Saunders G W.2005.Applying DNA barcoding to red macroalgae:a preliminary appraisal holds promise for future applications.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,360(1462):1 879-1 888.
Setchell W A,Gardner N L.1924.New Marine Algae from the Gulf of California.California Academy of Sciences,San Francisco.p.695-949.
Shimada S.2000.A systematic study of the order Gelidiales(Rhodophyta)from Japan.Nova Hedwigia,36:759-774.
Tamura K,Stecher G,Peterson D,Filipski A,Kumar S.2013.MEGA6:molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0.Molecular Biology and Evolution,30(12):2 725-2 729.
Taylor WR.1943.Marine algae from Haiti collected by H.H.Bartlett in 1941.Michigan Academy of Science,28:143-163.
Thomas D T,Freshwater D W.2001.Studies of Costa Rican Gelidiales(Rhodophyta):four Caribbean taxa including Pterocladiella beachii sp.nov.Phycologia,40(4):340-350.
Tronchin E M,Freshwater D W.2007.Four Gelidiales(Rhodophyta)new to southern Africa,Aphanta pachyrrhiza gen.et sp.nov.,Gelidium profundum sp.nov.,Pterocladiella caerulescens and P.psammophila sp.nov.Phycologia,46(3):325-348.
Tseng C K,Chang C F,Xia E Z.1980.Studies on some marine red algae from Hong Kong.In:Morton B S,Tseng C Keds.Proceedings of the First International Marine Biological Workshop:The Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China.Hong Kong University Press,Hong Kong.p.57-84.
Tseng C K,Chang T J,Chang C F,Xia E Z,Xia B M,Dong ML,Yang Z D.1962.Economic Seaweeds of China.Science press,Beijing,China.p.1-198.(in Chinese)
Tseng C K,Cheng P L.1954.Studies on the marine algae of Tsingtao,I.Acta Bot.Sin.,3(1):105-120.
Tseng C K,Li L C.1935.Some marine algae from Tsingtao and Chefoo,Shantung.Bull.Fan.Mem.Inst.Biol.(Bot.),6(4):183-235.
Tseng C K.1938.Notes on some Chinese marine algae.Lingnan Science Journal,17(4):591-604.
Tseng C K.1983.Common Seaweeds of China.Science Press,Beijing,China.p.1-316.
Wang X L,Wang G C,Xia B M.2016.A new record of genus Gelidium in the Xisha Islands of China,G.pusillum var.pacifi cum Taylor(Gelidiales,Rhodophyta).Journal of Tropical Oceanography,35(2):76-82.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xia B M,Tseng C K,Wang Y Q.2002.Synopsis of the Chinese species of Gelidium(Gelidiales,Rhodophyta).Taxonomy of Economic Seaweeds with Reference to Some Pacifi c Species,8:183-205.
Xia B M,Wang Y Q,Xia E Z,Li W X,Ding Z F.2004.Flora Algarum Marinarum Sinicarum Tomus II Rhodophyta No.III Gelidiales Cryptonemiales Hildenbrandiales.Science Press,Beijing,China.203p.(in Chinese)
Yamada Y.1941.Notes on some Japanese algae IX.Scientifi c papers of the Institute of Algological Research,Hokkaido Imperial University,2(2):195-215.
Zhang J F,Xia E Z.1988.Chinese species of Gelidium Lamouroux and other Gelidials(Rhodophyta),with key,list,and distribution of the common species.In:Abbott IA ed.Taxonomy of Economic Seaweeds:with Reference to some Pacifi c and Caribbean Species.California Sea Grant College Program,California.p.109-113.
Boo G H,Park J K,Boo S M.2013.Gelidiophycus(Rhodophyta:Gelidiales):a new genus of marine algae from East Asia.Taxon,62(6):1 105-1 116.
Chang C F,Xia E Z.1986.On Gelidium vagum Okam.and G.grubbae Fan.Oceanol.Limnol.Sinica,17(6):521-526.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Darriba D,Taboada G L,Doallo R,Posada D.2012.j Model Test2:more models,new heuristics and parallel computing.Nature Methods,9(8):772.
Fan K C.1951.The genera Gelidium and Pterocladia of Taiwan.Taiwan Fish.Res.Inst.Lab.Bio.Rep.,2:1-22.
Fan K C.1961.Two new species of Gelidium from China.Botanica Marina,2(3-4):247-249.
Freshwater D W,Fredericq S,Hommersand M H.1995.Amolecular phylogeny of the Gelidiales(Rhodophyta)based on analysis of plastid rbc L nucleotide sequences.Journal of Phycology,31(4):616-632.
Freshwater D W,Rueness J.1994.Phylogenetic relationships of some European Gelidium(Gelidiales,Rhodophyta)species,based on rbc L nucleotide sequence analysis.Phycologia,33(3):187-194.
Freshwater D W,Tudor K,O’Shaughnessy K,Wysor B.2010.DNA barcoding in the red algal order Gelidiales:comparison of COI with rbc L and verifi cation of the“barcoding gap”.Cryptogam.Algol.,31(4):435-449.
Geraldino P J L,Yang E C,Boo S M.2006.Morphology and molecular phylogeny of Hypnea fl exicaulis(Gigartinales,Rhodophyta)from Korea.Algae,21(4):417-423.
Grubb V M.1932.Marine algae of Korea and China,with notes on the distribution of Chinese marine algae.J.Bot.,70(837):245-251.
Grusz A L,Freshwater D W.2014.Studies of Costa Rican Gelidiales(Florideophyceae).II.Two Pacifi c taxa including Gelidium microglossum,n.sp.Pacifi c Science,68(1):97-110.
Guindon S,Gascuel O.2003.A simple,fast,and accurate algorithm to estimate large phylogenies by Maximum Likelihood.Systematic Biology,52(5):696-704.
Guiry M D,Guiry G M.2015.Algae Base.World-wide electronic publication,National University of Ireland,Galway.http://www.algaebase.org.
Jeanmougin F,Thompson J D,Gouy M,Higgins D G,Gibson T J.1998.Multiple sequence alignment with Clustal X.Trends in Biochemical Sciences,23(10):403-405.
Kim K M,Boo S M.2012.Phylogenetic relationships and distribution of Gelidium crinale and G.pusillum(Gelidiales,Rhodophyta)using cox 1 and rbc L sequences.Algae,27(2):83-94.
Kim K M,Gerung G S,Boo S M.2011a.Two-gene sequences and morphology of Gelidium zollingeri(Kutzing)comb.nov.(Gelidiales,Rhodophyta).Algae,26(1):33-40.
Kim K M,Hwang I K H,Park J K,Boo S M.2011b.A new agarophyte species,Gelidium eucorneum sp.nov.(Gelidiales,Rhodophyta),based on molecular and morphological data.Journal of Phycology,47(4):904-910.
Kim K M,Hwang I K,Yoon H S,Boo S M.2012.Four novel Gelidium species(Gelidiales,Rhodophyta)discovered in Korea:G.coreanum,G.jejuensis,G.minimum and G.prostratum.Phycologia,51(4):461-474.
Kützing F T.1847.Diagnosen einiger neuen ausl?ndischen Algenspecies,welche sich in der Sammlung des Herrn Kammerdirectors Klenze in Laubach befi nden.Flora,30:773-776.
Lamouroux J V F.1813.Essai sur les genres de la famille des thalassiophytes non articulées.Annales du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle[Paris],20:21-47,115-139,267-293.
Millar A J K,Freshwater D W.2005.Morphology and molecular phylogeny of the marine algal order Gelidiales(Rhodophyta)from New South Wales,including Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands.Australian Systematic Botany,18(3):215.
Nelson W A,Farr T J,Broom J E S.2006.Phylogenetic diversity of New Zealand Gelidiales as revealed by rbc Lsequence data.Journal of Applied Phycology,18(3-5):653-661.
Norris J N.2014.Marine Algae of the Northern Gulf of California II:Rhodophyta.Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press,Washington,DC.p.1-574.
Okamura K.1934.On Gelidium and Pterocladia of Japan.Journal of Imperial Fisheries Institute,29(2):47-67.
Okamura K.1935.Taiwan-san Tengusa ni Tsuite Japan.Assoc.Adv.Sci.,10:441-443.(in Japanese)
Ronquist F,Huelsenbeck J P.2003.Mr Bayes 3:bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models.Bioinformatics,19(12):1 572-1 574.
Santelices B.1988.Taxonomic studies on Chinese Gelidiales(Rhodophyta).In:Abbott I A ed.Taxonomy of Economic Seaweeds:with Reference to Some Pacifi c and Caribbean Species.California Sea Grant College,University of California,La Jolla,CA.2:91-107.
Saunders G W.2005.Applying DNA barcoding to red macroalgae:a preliminary appraisal holds promise for future applications.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,360(1462):1 879-1 888.
Setchell W A,Gardner N L.1924.New Marine Algae from the Gulf of California.California Academy of Sciences,San Francisco.p.695-949.
Shimada S.2000.A systematic study of the order Gelidiales(Rhodophyta)from Japan.Nova Hedwigia,36:759-774.
Tamura K,Stecher G,Peterson D,Filipski A,Kumar S.2013.MEGA6:molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0.Molecular Biology and Evolution,30(12):2 725-2 729.
Taylor WR.1943.Marine algae from Haiti collected by H.H.Bartlett in 1941.Michigan Academy of Science,28:143-163.
Thomas D T,Freshwater D W.2001.Studies of Costa Rican Gelidiales(Rhodophyta):four Caribbean taxa including Pterocladiella beachii sp.nov.Phycologia,40(4):340-350.
Tronchin E M,Freshwater D W.2007.Four Gelidiales(Rhodophyta)new to southern Africa,Aphanta pachyrrhiza gen.et sp.nov.,Gelidium profundum sp.nov.,Pterocladiella caerulescens and P.psammophila sp.nov.Phycologia,46(3):325-348.
Tseng C K,Chang C F,Xia E Z.1980.Studies on some marine red algae from Hong Kong.In:Morton B S,Tseng C Keds.Proceedings of the First International Marine Biological Workshop:The Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China.Hong Kong University Press,Hong Kong.p.57-84.
Tseng C K,Chang T J,Chang C F,Xia E Z,Xia B M,Dong ML,Yang Z D.1962.Economic Seaweeds of China.Science press,Beijing,China.p.1-198.(in Chinese)
Tseng C K,Cheng P L.1954.Studies on the marine algae of Tsingtao,I.Acta Bot.Sin.,3(1):105-120.
Tseng C K,Li L C.1935.Some marine algae from Tsingtao and Chefoo,Shantung.Bull.Fan.Mem.Inst.Biol.(Bot.),6(4):183-235.
Tseng C K.1938.Notes on some Chinese marine algae.Lingnan Science Journal,17(4):591-604.
Tseng C K.1983.Common Seaweeds of China.Science Press,Beijing,China.p.1-316.
Wang X L,Wang G C,Xia B M.2016.A new record of genus Gelidium in the Xisha Islands of China,G.pusillum var.pacifi cum Taylor(Gelidiales,Rhodophyta).Journal of Tropical Oceanography,35(2):76-82.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xia B M,Tseng C K,Wang Y Q.2002.Synopsis of the Chinese species of Gelidium(Gelidiales,Rhodophyta).Taxonomy of Economic Seaweeds with Reference to Some Pacifi c Species,8:183-205.
Xia B M,Wang Y Q,Xia E Z,Li W X,Ding Z F.2004.Flora Algarum Marinarum Sinicarum Tomus II Rhodophyta No.III Gelidiales Cryptonemiales Hildenbrandiales.Science Press,Beijing,China.203p.(in Chinese)
Yamada Y.1941.Notes on some Japanese algae IX.Scientifi c papers of the Institute of Algological Research,Hokkaido Imperial University,2(2):195-215.
Zhang J F,Xia E Z.1988.Chinese species of Gelidium Lamouroux and other Gelidials(Rhodophyta),with key,list,and distribution of the common species.In:Abbott IA ed.Taxonomy of Economic Seaweeds:with Reference to some Pacifi c and Caribbean Species.California Sea Grant College Program,California.p.109-113.