CO_2/水乳液体系的黏度测定
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摘要
采用超临界CO_2、H_2O和表面活性剂聚乙二醇三甲基壬基醚(TMN-6)构建了水包CO_2的乳液体系,探索了CO_2/水乳液体系的形成条件,利用高压落球黏度计测试了CO_2/水乳液体系的黏度,考察了TMN-6质量浓度、体系温度、CO_2压力及m_(H_2O)∶m_(CO_2)对乳液体系黏度的影响。实验结果表明,在25~40℃,10~25 MPa,m_(CO_2)∶m_(H_2O)=(2∶8)~(5∶5),TMN-6质量浓度在0.2%~1.5%条件下,可形成稳定的CO_2/水乳液体系;乳液体系的黏度随TMN-6质量浓度的增加、CO_2压力的升高、温度的降低及m_(H_2O)∶m_(CO_2)的增加有不同程度的增大,且随着TMN-6质量浓度的增加,CO_2/水乳液体系黏度与温度和压力的相关性也逐渐增加。
CO_2/water emulsion could be formed using supercritical CO_2,H_2O and surfactant poly(ethylene glycol) 2,6,8-trimethyl-4-nonyl ether(TMN-6). The formation conditions for CO_2/water emulsion were investigated. The viscosity of the CO_2/water emulsion was measured using the high pressure falling ball viscometer. The effects of the surfactant concentration,temperature,CO_2 pressure and m_(H_2O)∶m_(CO_2)on the emulsion viscosity were studied. The results showed that the viscosity of the emulsion was much higher than that of CO_2 or water. At 25-40 ℃,CO_2 pressure of 10-25 MPa,m_(H_2O)∶m_(CO_2) between(2∶8)-(5 ∶ 5),and TMN-6 concentration(w) of 0.2%-1.5%,the viscosity of CO_2/water emulsion increased with increasing the TMN-6 concentration,CO_2 pressure and m_(H_2O)∶ m_(CO_2),and decreasing the temperature. In addition,it was showed that the dependence of the CO_2/water emulsion viscosity on temperature and pressure were gradually enhanced with increasing surfactant concentration.
CO_2/water emulsion could be formed using supercritical CO_2,H_2O and surfactant poly(ethylene glycol) 2,6,8-trimethyl-4-nonyl ether(TMN-6). The formation conditions for CO_2/water emulsion were investigated. The viscosity of the CO_2/water emulsion was measured using the high pressure falling ball viscometer. The effects of the surfactant concentration,temperature,CO_2 pressure and m_(H_2O)∶m_(CO_2)on the emulsion viscosity were studied. The results showed that the viscosity of the emulsion was much higher than that of CO_2 or water. At 25-40 ℃,CO_2 pressure of 10-25 MPa,m_(H_2O)∶m_(CO_2) between(2∶8)-(5 ∶ 5),and TMN-6 concentration(w) of 0.2%-1.5%,the viscosity of CO_2/water emulsion increased with increasing the TMN-6 concentration,CO_2 pressure and m_(H_2O)∶ m_(CO_2),and decreasing the temperature. In addition,it was showed that the dependence of the CO_2/water emulsion viscosity on temperature and pressure were gradually enhanced with increasing surfactant concentration.
引文
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[3]Sagir M,Tan I M,Mushtaq M,et al.Synthesis of a new CO2philicsurfactant for enhanced oil recovery applications[J].JDisper Sci Technol,2014,35(5):647-654.
[4]Moritis G.CO2 injection gains momentum[J].Oil Gas J,2006,104(15):37-41.
[5]Heidaryan E,Hatami T,Rahimi M,et al.Viscosity of pure carbon dioxide at supercritical region:Measurement and correlation approach[J].J Supercrit Fluids,2011,56(2):144-151.
[6]Wang X,Alvarado V,Swoboda-Colberg N,et al.Reactivity of dolomite in water-saturated supercritical carbon dioxide:Significance for carbon capture and storage and for enhanced oil and gas recovery[J].Energy Convers Manage,2013,65(6):564-73.
[7]陈欢庆,胡永乐,田昌炳.CO2驱油与埋存研究进展[J].油田化学,2012,29(1):116-121.
[8]Xu J H,Wlaschin A,Enick R M.Thickening carbon dioxidewith the fluoroacrylate-styrene copolymer[J].SPE J,2003,8(2):81-97.
[9]Tapriya D.Design of non-fluorous CO2-soluble compounds[D].Pittsburgh:University of Pittsburgh,2009.
[10]沈爱国,刘金波,佘跃惠,等.CO2潜在增稠剂苯乙烯醋酸乙烯酯二元共聚物的设计与合成[J].石油天然气学报,2011,33(2):131-134.
[11]沈爱国,刘金波,佘跃惠,等.CO2增稠剂聚醋酸乙烯酯甲基倍半硅氧烷的合成[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2011,27(11):157-159.
[12]刘巍.超临界CO2增稠剂研究进展[J].断块油气田,2012,19(5):658-661.
[13]Doherty M D,Lee J J,Dhuwe A,et al.Small molecule cyclic amide and urea based thickeners for organic and sc-CO2/organic solutions[J].Energy Fuels,2016,30(7):5601-5610.
[14]Perry R,Doherty M D,Lee J J,et al.Anthraquinonoid siloxanes as thickening agents for supercritical CO2[J].Energy Fuels,2016,30(7):5990-5998.
[15]Zhang Shiyang,She Yuehui,Gu Yongan.Evaluation of polymers as direct thickeners for CO2 enhanced oil recovery[J].JChem Eng Data,2011,56(4):1069-1079.
[16]Liu Kun,Frank S,Kiran E.High-pressure viscosity and density of poly(methyl methacrylate)+acetone and poly(methyl methacrylate)+acetone+CO2 systems[J].J Supercrit Fluids,2006,39(1):89-101.
[17]Yan Xiong,Kiran E.Miscibility,density and viscosity of polystyrene in n-hexane at high pressures[J].Polymer,1997,38(20):5185-5193.
[18]Alotaibl F M,Zhou X M,Kokal S L.A novel technique for enhanced oil recovery:In-situ CO2-emulsion generation[J].Polymer,1999,40(14):3979-3988.
[19]Lin Bo,Pu Wanfen,Zhao Jinzhou,et al.In-situ carbon dioxide generation technology applied to enhance oil recovery[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(2):98-101.
[20]Sagisaka M,Fujii T,Koike D,et al.Surfactant mixing effects on the interfacial tension and the microemulsion formation in water/supercritical CO2 system[J].Langmuir,2007,23(5):2369-2375.
[21]Wen Ten-chin,Wang Yeong-jyh,Cheng Tsung-tien,et al.The effect of DMPA units on ionic conductivity of PEG-DMPA-IPDI waterborne polyurethane as single-ion electrolytes[J].Polymer,1999,40(14):3979-3988.
[22]Rocha S R,Psathas P A,Klein E,et al.Concentrated CO2-in-water emulsions with nonionic polymeric surfactants[J].JColloid Interface Sci,2001,239(1):241-253.
[23]Dong Zhaoxia,Li Yi,Lin Meiqin,et al.A study of the mechanism of enhancing oil recovery using supercritical carbon dioxide microemulsions[J].Pet Sci,2013,10(1):91-96.
[24]Yeo S D,Kiran E.High pressure viscosity and density of polystyrene solutions in methyl cyclohexane[J].J Supercrit Fluids,1999,15(3):261-272.