新疆奴拉赛铜矿周边土壤理化特征和重金属污染生态风险评价
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摘要
以新疆奴拉赛铜矿的矿区、尾矿和周边农田土壤为研究对象,研究了该区域土壤理化特性、重金属含量特征,并对其生态环境风险进行了初步评价。结果表明,受矿区废水的长期影响,奴拉赛矿区土壤p H较低。土壤电导率和盐分含量高于周边农田土壤,而土壤有机质、速效氮、速效钾、有效磷含量均低于周边农田土壤;矿区、尾矿区和农田土壤重金属Cr、Cd、Pb、Cu、Ni和Zn含量均较低,除Cu外,均低于新疆土壤自然背景值。总体上看,土壤重金属含量表现为矿区>尾矿区>农田;单一因子(Pi)、内梅罗综合污染指数(I)以及潜在生态危害指数(RI)表明,矿区周边土壤重金属生态风险表现为尾矿>矿区>农田,0~30 cm表层土壤重金属潜在生态风险指数高于30~70 cm深层土壤,但不同土地利用类型土壤总体生态风险程度较低。
Taking the mining areas, tailings and surrounding farmland soil of the Nulasai copper mine in Xinjiang as the research object, the characteristics of soil physical and characteristics of heavy metal contents in this area were studied, and their ecological and environmental risks were preliminarily evaluated. The results showed that due to the long-term impact of mining wastewater, soil p H in the Nulasai mining area was relatively low. Soil conductivity and salt content were higher than those in the surrounding farmland, while soil organic matter,available nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus were lower than those in the surrounding farmland. The contents of heavy metals Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni and Zn in the mining area, tailing area and farmland soil were all lower than those in Xinjiang except for Cu.Overall, the heavy metal content of the soil manifested the area> tailing area> farmland. Single factor(Pi), Nemerow comprehensive pollution index(I)and potential ecological risk index(RI)indicated that the ecological risk of heavy metals in the soil around the mining area was manifested tailings> mining area> farmland. The potential ecological risk index of heavy metals in 0~30 cm topsoil was higher than that in30~70 cm deep soil, but the overall ecological risk was lower in different land use types.
Taking the mining areas, tailings and surrounding farmland soil of the Nulasai copper mine in Xinjiang as the research object, the characteristics of soil physical and characteristics of heavy metal contents in this area were studied, and their ecological and environmental risks were preliminarily evaluated. The results showed that due to the long-term impact of mining wastewater, soil p H in the Nulasai mining area was relatively low. Soil conductivity and salt content were higher than those in the surrounding farmland, while soil organic matter,available nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus were lower than those in the surrounding farmland. The contents of heavy metals Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni and Zn in the mining area, tailing area and farmland soil were all lower than those in Xinjiang except for Cu.Overall, the heavy metal content of the soil manifested the area> tailing area> farmland. Single factor(Pi), Nemerow comprehensive pollution index(I)and potential ecological risk index(RI)indicated that the ecological risk of heavy metals in the soil around the mining area was manifested tailings> mining area> farmland. The potential ecological risk index of heavy metals in 0~30 cm topsoil was higher than that in30~70 cm deep soil, but the overall ecological risk was lower in different land use types.
引文
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[2]环境保护部,国土资源部.全国土壤污染状况调查公报[J].中国环保产业,2014(5):10-11.Ministry of Environmental Protection,Ministry of Land and Resources.National soil pollution survey bulletin[J].China Environmental Protection Industry,2014(5):10-11.(in Chinese)
[3]陆泗进,王业耀,何立环.会泽某铅锌矿周边农田土壤重金属生态风险评价[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(11):1832-1838.LU Si-jin,WANG Ye-yao,HE Li-huan.Heavy metal pollution and ecological risk assessment of the paddy soils around a Pb-Zn mine in Huize County[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2014,23(11):1832-1838.(in Chinese)
[4]Dinelli E,Tateo F.Factors controlling heavy metals associated with natural weathering of coal mine spoils[J].Environment Pollution,2003:1138-1150.
[5]郭伟,赵仁鑫,张君,等.内蒙古包头铁矿区土壤重金属污染特征及其评价[J].环境科学,2011,32(10):3099-3105.GUO Wei,ZHAO Ren-xin,ZHANG Jun,et al.Distribution characteristic and assessment of soil heavy metal pollution in the iron mining of Baotou in Inner Mongolia[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(10):3099-3105.(in Chinese)
[6]胡国成,张丽娟,齐剑英.等贵州万山汞矿周边土壤重金属污染特征及风险评价[J].生态环境学报2015,24(5):879-885.HU Guo-cheng,ZHANG Li-juan,QI Jian-ying,et al.Contaminant characteristics and risk assessment of heavy metals in soils from Wanshan mercury mine area,Guizhou Province[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2015,24(5):879-885.(in Chinese)
[7]王轲,宫惠峰,张辉.不同土地利用方式下西部矿业城市土壤重金属污染状况调查[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(9):4254-4256.WANG Ke,GONG Hui-feng,ZHANG Hui.Survey on the heavy metal pollution in soil under different land-utilization ways in west mining city[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2009,37(9):4254-4256.(in Chinese)
[8]储彬彬,罗立强.南京栖霞山铅锌矿地区土壤重金属污染评价[J].岩矿测试,2010,29(1):5-8,13.CHU Bin-bin,LUO Li-qiang.Evaluation of heavy metal pollution in soils from Nanjing Qixiashan lead-zinc mines[J].Rock Mineral Analysis,2010,29(1):5-8,13.(in Chinese)
[9]梅建军,李延祥.新疆奴拉赛古铜矿冶遗址冶炼技术初步研究[J].自然科学史研究,1998,17(3):289-295.MEI Jian-jun,LI Yan-xiang.Tentative study on the smelting technology of Nulasai site in Nileke county of Xinjiang[J].Studies in the History of Natural Sciences,1998,17(3):289-295.(in Chinese)
[10]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005.BAO Shi-dan.Soil agricultural chemistry analysis[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2005.(in Chinese)
[11]中华人民共和国农业部.GB 9834—1988土壤有机质测定法[S].北京:中国国家标准出版社,1988.The Ministry of agriculture of the People′s Republic of China.Measurement of soil organic matter GB 9834—1988[S].Beijing:China National Standard Publishing House,1988.(in Chinese)
[12]李健,郑春江.环境背景值数据手册[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1989:220-221.LI Jian,ZHENG Chun-jiang.Environmental background value data handbook[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,1989:220-221.(in Chinese)
[13]中国环境监测总站.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990:329-492.China′s Environmental Monitoring Station.The soil element background values[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,1990:329-492.(in Chinese)
[14]陈怀满.环境土壤学[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:522-523.CHEN Huai-man.Environmental soil science[M].Beijing:Science Press,2005:522-523.(in Chinese)
[15]汪芳芳.淮北矿区土壤重金属污染现状评价与风险评估[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2014.WANG Fang-fang.The status assessment and risk evaluation of soil heavy metals pollution in Huaibei mining area[D].Hefei:Hefei University of Technology,2014.(in Chinese)
[16]涂常青,温欣荣,张镜,等.硫化铜矿区周边农田土壤重金属污染及其生态危害评价[J].土壤通报,2013,44(4):987-992.TU Chang-qing,WEN Xin-rong,ZHANG Jing,et al.Evaluation of the heavy metals pollution and its ecological risks of the farmland soil around the cupric sulfide ore district[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2013,44(4):987-992.(in Chinese)
[17]林文杰.莲花山钨矿区土壤重金属污染与理化特征[J].土壤通报,2014,45(1):232-236.LIN Wen-jie.Characterization of heavy metals contamination and physicochemical properties of soils in Lianhuashan tungsten mine area of Guangdong Province[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2014,45(1):232-236.(in Chinese)
[18]聂斌斌,蔡强国,张卓文,等.植被恢复过程中土壤有机质和全氮的变化特征及区域差异[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(2):363-371.NIE Bin-bin,CAI Qiang-guo,ZHANG Zhuo-wen,et al.Change characteristics and regional differences in organic matter and total nitrogen contents in topsoil under restored vegetation[J].Chinese Journal of EcoAgriculture,2011,19(2):363-371.(in Chinese)
[19]李烨,孙约兵,徐应明,等.镉污染区水稻土磷素含量特征及其形态分布规律[J].环境化学,2017,36(3):542-548.LI Ye,SUN Yue-bing,XU Ying-ming,et al.Characteristics and speciation distribution of phosphorus in Cd contaminated paddy soil[J].Environmental Chemistry,2017,36(3):542-548.(in Chinese)
[20]Shi R Y,Li J Y,XU R K,et al.Ameliorating effects of individual and combined application of biomass ash,bone meal and alkaline slag on acid soils[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2016,162:41-45.
[21]邹素敏,杜瑞英,文典,等.大宝山矿区某农田蔬菜重金属污染状况及健康风险评估[J].农业资源与环境学报,2016(6):568-575.ZOU Su-min,DU Rui-ying,WEN Dian,et al.Heavy metals pollution in vegetables grown on some farmlands around Dabaoshan mine and its healthy risk evaluation[J].Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment,2016(6):568-575.(in Chinese)
[22]Sun Y B,Zhou Q X,Xie X K,et al.Spatial,sources and risk assessment of heavy metal contamination of urban soils in typical regions of Shenyang,China[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,174:455-462.
[23]何东明,王晓飞,陈丽君,等.基于地积累指数法和潜在生态风险指数法评价广西某蔗田土壤重金属污染[J].农业资源与环境学报,2014,31(2):126-131.HE Dong-ming,WANG Xiao-fei,CHEN Li-jun,et al.Assessment on heavy metals contaminations of sugarcane soil in Guangxi Province by the geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk index[J].Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment,2014,31(2):126-131.(in Chinese)
[24]王斐,黄益宗,王小玲,等.江西某铜矿冶炼厂周边土壤重金属生态风险评价[J].环境化学,2014,33(7):1066-1074.WANG Fei,HUNG Yi-zong,WANG Xiao-ling,et al.Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surrounding soils of a copper smelting plant in Jiangxi Province[J].Environmental Chemistry,2014,33(7):1066-1074.(in Chinese)
[25]石平.辽宁省典型有色金属矿区土壤重金属污染评价及植物修复研究[D].沈阳:东北大学,2010.SHI Ping.Research on disused tailing land in Liaoning mine area and assessment of its soil pollution by heavy metal[D].Shenyang:Northeastern University,2010.(in Chinese)
[26]康宏宇,康日峰,张乃明,等.迪庆某铜矿土壤重金属污染潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学导刊,2016,35(1):75-81.KANG Hong-yu,KANG Ri-feng,ZHANG Nai-ming,et al.Assessment of potential ecological risk of heavy metals in soils in a copper mine in Diqing autonomous prefecture[J].Environmental Science Survey,2016,35(1):75-81.(in Chinese)
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