黄淮海地区商品鸡饲料中重金属含量特征研究
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摘要
为了从源头有效控制家禽养殖重金属污染,本文调查了黄淮海地区(北京、天津、河南、河北、山东、江苏、安徽)180个商品鸡饲料样品,分析了不同省市、不同养殖品种和不同生育期饲料中Mn、Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni、Cd、Pb和As 8种重金属含量特征。结果表明:黄淮海地区鸡饲料中重金属含量变化幅度较大,饲料样品中Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd和Pb含量范围分别为0.05~9.91、52.59~726.68、0.02~6.84、12.74~458.70、34.09~594.78、0.01~3.98、0.01~1.96 mg·kg~(-1)和0.02~10.76 mg·kg~(-1),与我国《鸡饲养标准》(NY/T 33—2004)含量相比,饲料样品Mn、Cu、Zn超标率分别为99.1%、100%、69.0%,与《饲料卫生标准》(GB 13078—2001)含量相比,饲料样品中Pb、Cd含量超标率为39.7%、23.50%。不同省市鸡饲料中重金属的含量存在一定差异,总体上来看,安徽省鸡饲料中重金属含量最高,天津市鸡饲料中含量最低。蛋鸡Mn、Cu、Zn含量最大检出量分别为680.86、458.70、580.27 mg·kg~(-1),肉鸡Mn、Cu、Zn含量最大检出量分别达到726.68、399.07、594.78 mg·kg~(-1),蛋鸡和肉鸡饲料中Mn、Cu、Zn平均含量均超过我国《鸡饲养标准》。总体来看,产蛋期蛋鸡饲料中重金属含量最高,中后期肉鸡饲料中重金属含量较高。
In order to strengthen source control of heavy metal pollution from poultry farming, 180 kinds of chicken feed samples in Huanghuai-hai Region(Beijing, Tianjin, Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, and Anhui)were collected, and then analyzed the concentrations of Mn, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb and As in chicken feed samples of different provinces, different culture species and different growth stages. The results showed that the amount of heavy metals varied greatly in the chicken feed in Huang-huai-hai area, the contents of Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu,Zn, As, Cd and Pb in the feed samples were 0.05~9.91, 52.59~726.68, 0.02~6.84, 12.74~458.70, 34.09~594.78, 0.01~3.98, 0.01~1.96 mg·kg~(-1) and 0.02~10.76 mg·kg~(-1), respectively. Compared with the Feeding Standards of Chicken the content of Mn, Cu, Zn in chicken feed was over rate of 99.1%, 100%, 69.0%, respectively. Compared with the Feed Hygiene Standard the content of Pb, Cd in chicken feed was over rate of 39.7%, 23.50%,respectively. There had some extend differences in feed heavy metals among different provinces. As a whole, the contents of heavy metals in Anhui Province were highest, and while it was lowest in Tianjin. The maximum detected contents of Mn, Cu and Zn in feedingstuff of laying hens were 680.86, 458.70 mg·kg~(-1) and 580.27 mg·kg~(-1), respectively, and in the feed of broilers it were 726.68,399.07 mg·kg~(-1) and 594.78 mg·kg~(-1), respectively. The average concentration of Mn, Cu and Zn was all over Feeding Standard of Chicken of China. The feed of laying period of laying hens had the highest heavy metal content, and while it was higher in the middle and late stage feed for broiler.
In order to strengthen source control of heavy metal pollution from poultry farming, 180 kinds of chicken feed samples in Huanghuai-hai Region(Beijing, Tianjin, Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, and Anhui)were collected, and then analyzed the concentrations of Mn, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb and As in chicken feed samples of different provinces, different culture species and different growth stages. The results showed that the amount of heavy metals varied greatly in the chicken feed in Huang-huai-hai area, the contents of Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu,Zn, As, Cd and Pb in the feed samples were 0.05~9.91, 52.59~726.68, 0.02~6.84, 12.74~458.70, 34.09~594.78, 0.01~3.98, 0.01~1.96 mg·kg~(-1) and 0.02~10.76 mg·kg~(-1), respectively. Compared with the Feeding Standards of Chicken the content of Mn, Cu, Zn in chicken feed was over rate of 99.1%, 100%, 69.0%, respectively. Compared with the Feed Hygiene Standard the content of Pb, Cd in chicken feed was over rate of 39.7%, 23.50%,respectively. There had some extend differences in feed heavy metals among different provinces. As a whole, the contents of heavy metals in Anhui Province were highest, and while it was lowest in Tianjin. The maximum detected contents of Mn, Cu and Zn in feedingstuff of laying hens were 680.86, 458.70 mg·kg~(-1) and 580.27 mg·kg~(-1), respectively, and in the feed of broilers it were 726.68,399.07 mg·kg~(-1) and 594.78 mg·kg~(-1), respectively. The average concentration of Mn, Cu and Zn was all over Feeding Standard of Chicken of China. The feed of laying period of laying hens had the highest heavy metal content, and while it was higher in the middle and late stage feed for broiler.
引文
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[5]赵楠.近3年全国饲料质量安全监测结果的解读[J].中国畜牧杂志,2012,48(6):6-9.ZHAO Nan.Interpretation of national feed quality and safety monitor ing results in recent three years[J].Chinese Animal Husbandry Magazine,2012,48(6):6-9.
[6]原泽鸿,黄选洋,张克英,等.四川省蛋鸡配合饲料及鸡蛋重金属含量分布[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(11):3485-3494.YUAN Ze-hong,HUANG Xuan-yang,ZHANG Ke-ying,et al.Heavy metal content in the compound feed and eggs of laying hens of Sichuan Province[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2015,27(11):3485-3494.
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[9]Hashe M I,Maj I D.Heavy metal concentrations in bovine tissues(muscle,liver and kidney)and their relationship with heavy metal contents in consumed feed[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2018,154(10):263-267.
[10]李发,徐应明,王林,等.黄淮海地区鸡粪有机肥重金属含量特征及环境风险[J].环境科学,2018,39(9):4375-4384.LI Fa,XU Ying-ming,WANG Lin,et al.Characteristics of heavy metals in chicken manure organic fertilizers in the Huang-huai-hai region and related environmental risk assessment[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(9):4375-4384.
[11]袁庆虹,何作顺.重金属迁移及其对农作物影响的研究进展[J].职业与健康,2009,25(24):2808-2810.YUAN Qing-hong,HE Zuo-shun.Research progress of heavy metal migration and its impact on crops[J].Occupation and Health,2009,25(24):2808-2810.
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[14]Zhou X,Qu X,Zhao S,et al.Analysis of 22 elements in milk,feed,and water of dairy cow,goat,and buffalo from different regions of China[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2017,176(1):120-129.
[15]孟君,赵耀光.火焰原子光谱法测定饲料和不同种类鸡蛋中的微量元素[J].粮食与饲料工业,2014,2(4):54-56.MENG Jun,ZHAO Yao-guang.Determination of trace elements in feed and different eggs by flame atomic spectrometry[J].Cereal and Feed Industry,2014,12(4):54-56.
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[17]薛书民.饲料中重金属超标的危害[J].农业与技术,2013,33(6):156-157.XUE Shu-min.The harm of excessive heavy metals in feed[J].Agriculture and Technology,2013,33(6):156-157.
[18]彭丽,孙勃岩,王权,等.陕西杨凌规模化养殖场饲料及粪便中养分和重金属含量分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2017,45(5):123-129.PENG Li,SUN Bo-yan,WANG Quan,et al.Contents of nutrients and heavy metals in feed in and manure at intensive livestock farms in Yangling,Shaanxi[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Nat Sci Ed),2017,45(5):123-129.
[19]任顺荣,邵玉翠,王正祥.利用畜禽废弃物生产的商品有机肥重金属含量分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,24(增刊):216-218REN Shun-rong,SHAO Yu-cui,WANG Zheng-xiang.Analyze on heavy metals content of merchandise compost produced by animal wastes[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2005,24(Suppl):216-218.
[20]姚丽贤,李国良,党志.集约化养殖禽畜粪中主要化学物质调查[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(10):1989-1992.YAO Li-xian,LI Guo-liang,DANG Zhi.Investigation of major chemical substances in intensive farmed animal manure[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2006,17(10):1989-1992.
[21]侯月卿,沈玉君,刘树庆.我国畜禽粪便重金属污染现状及其钝化措施研究进展[J].中国农业科技导报,2014,16(3):112-118.HOU Yue-qing,SHEN Yu-jun,LIU Shu-qing.Present status of heavy metal pollution from livestock waste and progress on passivation measures[J].Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2014,16(3):112-118.
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