舟山东港新城溃堤洪水演进数值模拟
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摘要
台风会引起风暴增水和强浪。围填海工程建于软土地基上,海堤易产生不规则沉降,在台风引起的强浪作用下有可能发生溃堤,海水在高水位下大量涌入围区,引发灾难。针对溃坝的急变流特性,基于Delft3D Open Source,采用一种基于经典交错网格的改进型数值方法(其水流扩展流动数值近似算法符合动量守恒,而水流收缩流动数值近似则满足伯努利方程),建立了舟山东港新城溃堤洪水演进模型,并计算了最大可能风暴增水条件下溃堤洪水在东港新城的演进过程。结果表明,围区内的地形形势对洪水的演进及最终分布起了决定性作用,当溃口出现在不同位置时,影响范围和程度不一样。东港南部由于地势较低,且没有大型的吸纳洪水的人工湖,当附近出现50 m宽的溃口时,近乎整个南部区域都会受到海水的影响;而北部由于地势相对较高,影响有限。
Typhoon can cause storm surge and strong waves.Since the reclamation projects are built on soft soil foundation,which may cause the seawall subsidence.In that case,disaster strikes when the strong waves cause sea dike breaching and seawater pours into the reclaimed area.An improved numerical method based on classic staggered grid was introduced in this study.In flow expansions,a numerical approximation was applied that was consistent with conservation of momentum,and in flow contractions,a numerical approximation was applied that was consistent with the Bernouilli Equation.The flood evolution model of Zhoushan Donggangxincheng was established,and the evolution process of the flood and breach under Probable Maximum Storm Surge was calculated.The results show that orographic terrain plays a decisive role in the evolution process and final distribution of the flood.The range and degree of influence differs when fissure occurred in different location.Almost the entire southern region of Donggang can be affected by a 50-metres-wide fissure nearby due to the low terrain and lacking of large-scale artificial lakes,while the influence in the northern area is limited due to the relatively high terrain.
Typhoon can cause storm surge and strong waves.Since the reclamation projects are built on soft soil foundation,which may cause the seawall subsidence.In that case,disaster strikes when the strong waves cause sea dike breaching and seawater pours into the reclaimed area.An improved numerical method based on classic staggered grid was introduced in this study.In flow expansions,a numerical approximation was applied that was consistent with conservation of momentum,and in flow contractions,a numerical approximation was applied that was consistent with the Bernouilli Equation.The flood evolution model of Zhoushan Donggangxincheng was established,and the evolution process of the flood and breach under Probable Maximum Storm Surge was calculated.The results show that orographic terrain plays a decisive role in the evolution process and final distribution of the flood.The range and degree of influence differs when fissure occurred in different location.Almost the entire southern region of Donggang can be affected by a 50-metres-wide fissure nearby due to the low terrain and lacking of large-scale artificial lakes,while the influence in the northern area is limited due to the relatively high terrain.
引文
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[15]YANG Yun.Study on characteristics and numerical simulation of storm surge around Zhoushan Island[D].Hangzhou:Second Institute of Oceanography,SOA,2015.杨昀.舟山海域风暴潮特征及数值模拟研究[D].杭州:国家海洋局第二海洋研究所,2015.
[2]ZHANG Xing-nan,ZHANG Wen-ting,LIU Yong-zhi,et al.Simulation models of flood inundation due to storm tide[J].Journal of System Simulation,2006,18(Suppl 2):20-23.张行南,张文婷,刘永志,等.风暴潮洪水淹没计算模型研究[J].系统仿真学报,2006,18(增刊2):20-23.
[3]WANG Wei-biao.Study on risk analysis and safety evaluation of seawall on Qiantang River[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2005.王卫标.钱塘江海塘风险分析和安全评估研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2005.
[4]ZHU Jun-zheng,XU You-cheng.Study on the calamity and counter-measure of the super typhoon storm surge along the Zhejiang coastal area[J].Journal of Marine Sciences,2009,27(2):104-110.朱军政,徐有成.浙江沿海超强台风风暴潮灾害的影响及其对策[J].海洋学研究,2009,27(2):104-110.
[5]YAN Sheng.Study on safety measuers of northern seawalls in Qiantang River under the storm surges over design[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2010.严盛.超标准风暴潮作用下的钱塘江北岸海塘安全措施研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2010.
[6]XIE Chang-fei,SUN Zhi-lin,MIAO Bin,et al.Numerical simulation of sea dikes breaching flood in the reclamation[J].Journal of Marine Sciences,2012,30(3):92-98.谢长飞,孙志林,缪斌,等.围填海溃堤洪水演进数值模拟[J].海洋学研究,2012,30(3):92-98.
[7]HARTEN A.High resolution schemes for hyperbolic conservation laws[J].Journal of Computation Physics,1997,135:260-278.
[8]WANG Jia-song,NI Han-gen,JIN Sheng,et al.Simulation of1Ddam break flood wave routing and reflection by using TVD schemes[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1998,29(5):1-5.王嘉松,倪汉根,金生,等.用TVD显隐格式模拟一维溃坝洪水波的演进与反射[J].水利学报,1998,29(5):1-5.
[9]GODUNOV S K.A difference method for numerical calculation of discontinuous solutions of the equations of hydrodynamics[J].Math Sbornik,1959,47(89):271-306.
[10]BAI Lu-hai,JIN Sheng.Study on high resolution scheme for shallow water equation with source terms[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics:Ser.A,2009,24(1):305-312.柏禄海,金生.带源项浅水方程的高阶格式研究[J].水动力学研究与进展:A辑,2009,24(1):305-312.
[11]WANG Kun,JIN Sheng,MA Zhi-qiang,et al.On a well-balanced discretization scheme for two-dimensional shallow water equations with source terms[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics:Ser.A,2009,24(5):535-542.王昆,金生,马志强,等.基于和谐性离散格式求解带源项的二维浅水方程[J].水动力学研究与进展:A辑,2009,24(5):535-542.
[12]YING X Y,KHAN A A,WANG S S Y.Upwind conservative scheme for the Saint Venant Equations[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2004,130(10):977-987.
[13]OSHER S,SOLOMON F.Upwind difference schemes for hyperbolic conservation laws[J].Math Comp,1982,38(158):339-374.
[14]HE Zhi-guo,WU Gang-feng,WANG Zhen-yu,et al.Numericalsimulation for dam-break flood in hurricane-prone regions[J].Journal of Zhejiang University:Engineering Science,2010,44(8):1 589-1 596.贺治国,吴钢锋,王振宇,等.台风暴雨影响区域的溃坝洪水演进数值计算[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2010,44(8):1 589-1 596.
[15]YANG Yun.Study on characteristics and numerical simulation of storm surge around Zhoushan Island[D].Hangzhou:Second Institute of Oceanography,SOA,2015.杨昀.舟山海域风暴潮特征及数值模拟研究[D].杭州:国家海洋局第二海洋研究所,2015.