宁夏典型草原区退耕草地群落演替序列与环境解释
|
摘要
研究不同退耕年限草地植物群落的数量分类对恢复草地生态环境有重要意义。以宁夏南部典型草原区退耕草地为对象,借助植被数量生态学方法,对退耕1、2、3、5、6、8、9、11、15、16、20和21年的草地植物进行物种多样性分析、数量分类和排序,并研究植物群落演替序列与土壤因子的关系。结果表明:1)随着退耕年限的增加,物种多样性指数、丰富度指数、地上生物量均呈增大趋势。2)应用双向指示种(TWINSPAN)和除趋势对应分析(DCA)把12个不同退耕年限的样地划分为5个群落类型,TWINSPAN分类和DCA排序结果吻合,DCA排序进一步证明了TWIINSPAN分类的合理性。3)植被的演替序列为:猪毛蒿+狗尾草+早熟禾群落→赖草+披碱草群落→长芒草+赖草群落→赖草+野豌豆群落→长芒草+赖草+披碱草群落。4)通过冗余分析(RDA)得出,退耕年限的长短对草地植物生长的土壤环境产生一定影响,退耕前期土壤全磷和土壤有机碳含量较高;退耕中期土壤速效磷和土壤全氮含量较高,退耕后期土壤速效钾和土壤有机碳含量较高;这与不同退耕年限植物群落的TWINSPAN分类有密切联系。随着草地退耕年限的增加,草地植物群落演替序列不断优化,草原结构更加合理,生态环境得到改善。
Studying the classification and succession of plant communities at different timepoints after restoration is important for the design of successful strategies to restore degraded grasslands.This study was conducted at an abandoned grassland in the typical steppe of south Ningxia.We analyzed the diversity of grassland plant communities at different times after restoration(i.e.1,2,3,5,6,8,9,11,15,16,20 and 21 years).We used Two-way Indicator Species Analysis(TWINSPAN)to calculate the number of classification groups,and used Detrended Correspondence Analysis(DCA)and Redundancy Analysis(RDA)for the classification and ordination of grassland plant communities.We also evaluated the relationship between soil factors and succession time in the plant communities.The results showed that:1)The Shannon-Wiener's index,Patrick's index,and above-ground biomass growth fluctuated with increasing years of restoration.2)The 12 sampled plots with different years of restoration were divided into five types based on the TWINSPAN and DCA matching analysis.3)The vegetation succession was as follows:Artemisia scoparia+Setaria viridis+Poa pratensis community;Leymus secalinus+Elymus dahuricus community;Stipa bungeana+L.secalinus community;L.secalinus+Vicia sepium community;S.bungeana+L.secalinus+E.dahuricus community.4)The soil environment of grassland plants changed over time after restoration,with higher total phosphorus(P)and soil organic carbon(SOC)at the early establishment stage,higher soil available P and soil total nitrogen(N)contents at the intermediate succession stage,and higher soil available potassium(P)and SOC at the post-restoration stage.These changes were related to the plants TWINSPAN classification groups at different restoration times.We concluded that the succession sequence of the grassland plant community was optimized,the structure of grassland communities became more stable,and the ecological environment improved with increasing duration of grassland restoration.
Studying the classification and succession of plant communities at different timepoints after restoration is important for the design of successful strategies to restore degraded grasslands.This study was conducted at an abandoned grassland in the typical steppe of south Ningxia.We analyzed the diversity of grassland plant communities at different times after restoration(i.e.1,2,3,5,6,8,9,11,15,16,20 and 21 years).We used Two-way Indicator Species Analysis(TWINSPAN)to calculate the number of classification groups,and used Detrended Correspondence Analysis(DCA)and Redundancy Analysis(RDA)for the classification and ordination of grassland plant communities.We also evaluated the relationship between soil factors and succession time in the plant communities.The results showed that:1)The Shannon-Wiener's index,Patrick's index,and above-ground biomass growth fluctuated with increasing years of restoration.2)The 12 sampled plots with different years of restoration were divided into five types based on the TWINSPAN and DCA matching analysis.3)The vegetation succession was as follows:Artemisia scoparia+Setaria viridis+Poa pratensis community;Leymus secalinus+Elymus dahuricus community;Stipa bungeana+L.secalinus community;L.secalinus+Vicia sepium community;S.bungeana+L.secalinus+E.dahuricus community.4)The soil environment of grassland plants changed over time after restoration,with higher total phosphorus(P)and soil organic carbon(SOC)at the early establishment stage,higher soil available P and soil total nitrogen(N)contents at the intermediate succession stage,and higher soil available potassium(P)and SOC at the post-restoration stage.These changes were related to the plants TWINSPAN classification groups at different restoration times.We concluded that the succession sequence of the grassland plant community was optimized,the structure of grassland communities became more stable,and the ecological environment improved with increasing duration of grassland restoration.
引文
[1]Zheng J G,Dong D P,Zhao D H,et al.Relationship between vegetation community characteristics and its environmental factors in the west slope of Helan Mountain.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(9):4560-4567.郑敬刚,董东平,赵登海,等.贺兰山西坡植被群落特征及其与环境因子的关系.生态学报,2008,28(9):4560-4567.
[2]Ma Z W,Xie Z L,Duan X F,et al.Plant-soil relationship and plant niche in the Yellow River delta national natural reserve China.Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2012,48(5):801-811.马宗文,谢正磊,段晓峰,等.黄河三角洲自然保护区植物与土壤因子关系及生态位分析.北京大学学报(自然科学版),2012,48(5):801-811.
[3]Su R G G,Zhang J T,Zhang B,et al.Numerical classification and ordination afforest communities in the Songshan National Nature Reserve.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(10):2621-2629.苏日古嘎,张金屯,张斌,等.松山自然保护区森林群落的数量分类和排序.生态学报,2010,30(10):2621-2629.
[4]Li S Q,Zhang J T.Ecological analysis of subalpine meadow in Yunding Mountain,Shanxi.Geographical Research,2007,26(1):83-90.李素清,张金屯.山西云顶山亚高山草甸群落生态分析.地理研究,2007,26(1):83-90.
[5]Xi Y X,Zhang J T,Li J L,et al.Quantitative classification and sorting of subalpine shrub and meadow land communities on Guandi Mountain.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2004,13(1):15-20.席跃翔,张金屯,李军玲,等.关帝山亚高山灌丛草甸群落的数量分类与排序研究.草业学报,2004,13(1):15-20.
[6]Shang W,Yang Y X.Degradation characteristics patterns and processes of lakeside wetland in Napahai of northwest Yunnan Plateau,Southwest China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,23(12):3257-3265.尚文,杨永兴.滇西北高原纳帕海湖滨湿地退化特征、规律与过程.应用生态学报,2012,23(12):3257-3265.
[7]Dai X L,Dong Z B,Zhao T W,et al.Quantitative classification and ordination of plant communities in the Dunhuang Yangguan Nature Reserve Wetland.Ecological Science,2015,34(5):129-134.代雪玲,董治宝,赵庭伟,等.敦煌阳关自然保护区湿地植物群落数量分类和排序.生态科学,2015,34(5):129-134.
[8]Sun J,Li X Z,Hu Y M,et al.Classification species diversity and species distribution gradient of permafrost wetland plant communities in Great Xing’an Mountains valleys of Northeast China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2009,20(9):2049-2056.孙菊,李秀珍,胡远满,等.大兴安岭沟谷冻土湿地植物群落分类、物种多样性和物种分布梯度.应用生态学报,2009,20(9):2049-2056.
[9]Hadi,Kargar-Chigani,Seyed,et al.Vegetation composition differentiation and species-environment relationships in the northern part of Isfahan Province,Iran.Journal of Arid Land,2017,(2):1-15.
[10]Salama F M,El-Ghani M M A,El-Tayeh N A,et al.Correlations between soil variables and weed communities in major crops of the desert reclaimed lands in southern Egypt.Rend Fis Acc Lincei,2017,(28):363-378.
[11]Jusik S,Szoszkiewicz K,Kupiec J M,et al.Development of comprehensive river typology based on macrophytes in the mountain-lowland gradient of different Central European ecoregions.Hydrobiologia,2015,745(1):241-262.
[12]Bergin D O,Kimberley M O.Factors influencing natural regeneration of totara on grazed hill country grassland in Northland,New Zealand.New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science,2014,44(1):1-10.
[13]El-Sheikh M A,Thomas J,Alatar A A,et al.Vegetation of Thumamah Nature Park:a managed arid land site in Saudi Arabia.Rendiconti Lincei,2013,24(4):34-36.
[14]Cheng Z H,Zhang J T.Relationship between tourism development and vegetated landscapes in Luya Mountain Nature Reserve,Shanxi,China.Environmental Management,2005,36(3):374-381.
[15]Wang H L,Zhang H G,LüG H.Quantitative classification and ordination of plant communities in Ebinur Lake Wetland.Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2013,27(3):177-181.王合玲,张辉国,吕光辉.艾比湖湿地植物群落的数量分类和排序.干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(3):177-181.
[16]Chen B R,Li H S,Zhu Y X,et al.The spatial pattern and environmental interpretation of the plant community of Hulunber grassland.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(5):1265-1271.陈宝瑞,李海山,朱玉霞,等.呼伦贝尔草原植物群落空间格局及其环境解释.生态学报,2010,30(5):1265-1271.
[17]Wang X,Song N P,Yang X G.Redundancy analysis of soil and vegetation of recovered grassland on abandoned land in the desert steppe.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(2):90-97.王兴,宋乃平,杨新国.荒漠草原弃耕恢复草地土壤与植被的RDA分析.草业学报,2014,23(2):90-97.
[18]Shen Y,Ma H B,Xie Y Z,et al.Responses of soil microbial prosperities to different management modes in typical steppe,Ningxia.Patacultural Science,2012,29(6):863-868.沈艳,马红彬,谢应忠,等.宁夏典型草原土壤微生物特征对不同管理方式的响应.草业科学,2012,29(6):863-868.
[19]Hao H M,Liu Y,Wang D,et al.Influence of restoration on community plant diversity and spatial structure of typical glasslands.Acta Agrestia sinica,2016,24(4):754-759.郝红敏,刘玉,王冬,等.典型草原开垦弃耕后不同年限群落植物多样性和空间结构特征.草地学报,2016,24(4):754-759.
[20]Liu X Q,Zhang X,Zhang L F,et al.Effects of exclosure duration on the community structure and species diversity of an alpine meadow in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(16):5150-5162.刘晓琴,张翔,张立锋,等.封育年限对高寒草甸群落组分和物种多样性的影响.生态学报,2016,36(16):5150-5162.
[21]Li J B,Liu D L,Zhu J Z,et al.Changes of community composition and plant diversity of enclosing grassland in Yili Valley.Patacultural Science,2013,30(5):736-742.李军保,刘东林,朱进忠,等.伊犁河谷围封草地群落组成及植物多样性的变化.草业科学,2013,30(5):736-742.
[22]Ann V,Stephenm M,Ye L,et al.Chronosequence analysis of two enclosure management strategies in degraded rangeland of semi-arid Kenya.Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2009,129(1/2/3):332-339.
[23]Qi D H,Wen Z M,Yang S S,et al.Concentration of N,P and stoichiometry characteristics of plant communities and soil under different restoration stages at forest-steppe zone in Hilly and Gully region of the loess plateau,China.Acta Agrestia Sinica,2016,24(2):322-329.戚德辉,温仲明,杨士梭,等.黄土丘陵区森林草原带不同退耕年限植物群落和土壤N,P化学计量特征.草地学报,2016,24(2):322-329.
[24]Zhang C X,Nan Z B.Research progress on effects of grazing on physical and chemical characteristics of grassland soil.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2010,19(4):204-211.张成霞,南志标.放牧对草地土壤理化特性影响的研究进展.草业学报,2010,19(4):204-211.
[25]Lu H,Yao T,Li J H,et al.Vegetation and soil microorganism characteristics of degraded grasslands.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2015,24(5):34-43.卢虎,姚拓,李建宏,等.高寒地区不同退化草地植被和土壤微生物特性及其相关性研究.草业学报,2015,24(5):34-43.
[26]Mcsherry M E,Ritchie M E.Effects of grazing on grassland soil carbon:aglobal review.Global Change Biology,2013,19(5):1347-1348.
[27]Bao S D.Analysis of soil agrochemicals.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000.鲍士旦.土壤农化分析.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[28]Hill B M O.Twinspan-a fortran program for arranging multivariate data in an ordered two-way table by classification of the individuals and attributes//Ecology and Systematics Ithaca.New York:Cornell University,1979.
[29]Zhu J T,Yu J J,Wang P,et al.Quantitative classification and analysis of relationships between plant communities and their groundwater environment in the Ejin Desert Oasis of China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2011,35(5):480-489.朱军涛,余静洁,王平,等.额济纳荒漠绿洲植物群落的数量分类及其与地下水环境的关系分析.植物生态学报,2011,35(5):480-489.
[30]Scudeller V V,Martins F R,Shepherd G J.Distribution and abundance of arboreal species in the atlantic ombrophilous dense forest in southeastern Brazil.Plant Ecology,2001,152(2):185-199.
[31]Shi Y Y,Chen Y M,Zhang G H,et al.Investigation into the species diversity and biomass of plants in the abandoned farmlands with different restoration years.Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(6):36-40,44.师阳阳,陈云明,张光辉,等.不同退耕年限撂荒地植物多样性及生物量分析.水土保持研究,2012,19(6):36-40,44.
[32]Gu C L,Liu L,Qiu Y,et al.Effects of ecological restoration on species diversity of herd layer in the hilly-gullied area of loess plateau.Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,20(5):99-103.谷长磊,刘琳,邱扬,等.黄土丘陵区生态退耕对草本层植物多样性的影响.水土保持研究,2013,20(5):99-103.
[33]Yang X L,Wang J S,Chen B X,et al.Characteristics of vegetation communities in Sejila Mountain Forest in Tibet.Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2011,33(3):45-50.杨小林,王景升,陈宝雄,等.西藏色季拉山林线植被群落数量特征,北京林业大学学报,2011,33(3):45-50.
[34]Zhang X P,Wang M B,She B,et al.Numerical classification and ordination of forest communities in Pangquangou National Nature Reserve.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(3):754-761.张先平,王孟本,佘波,等.庞泉沟国家自然保护区森林群落的数量分类和排序.生态学报,2006,26(3):754-761.
[35]Shangguan T L,Jia Z L,Zhang J T,et al.A study on the numerical classification and ordination of grassland vegetation in flood plain of the Fen River in Taiyuan.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2001,10(4):31-39.上官铁梁,贾志力,张金屯,等.汾河太原段河漫滩草地植被的数量分类与排序.草业学报,2001,10(4):31-39.
[36]Huang X R,He F,Pang S L,et al.Understory biodiversity of plantations on karst mountains in Guangxi and its relation to environmental factors.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2015,34(11):3024-3033.黄小荣,何峰,庞世龙,等.广西石山人工林灌草多样性与环境因子的关系.生态学杂志,2015,34(11):3024-3033.
[37]Wang Y H,Zhao M F,Kang M Y.Distribution pattern of main steppe communities in Inner Mongolia Region and environmental interpretation.Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2016,52(1):83-88.王宇航,赵鸣飞,康慕谊.内蒙古草原植物群落分布格局及其主导环境因子解释.北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016,52(1):83-88.
[2]Ma Z W,Xie Z L,Duan X F,et al.Plant-soil relationship and plant niche in the Yellow River delta national natural reserve China.Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2012,48(5):801-811.马宗文,谢正磊,段晓峰,等.黄河三角洲自然保护区植物与土壤因子关系及生态位分析.北京大学学报(自然科学版),2012,48(5):801-811.
[3]Su R G G,Zhang J T,Zhang B,et al.Numerical classification and ordination afforest communities in the Songshan National Nature Reserve.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(10):2621-2629.苏日古嘎,张金屯,张斌,等.松山自然保护区森林群落的数量分类和排序.生态学报,2010,30(10):2621-2629.
[4]Li S Q,Zhang J T.Ecological analysis of subalpine meadow in Yunding Mountain,Shanxi.Geographical Research,2007,26(1):83-90.李素清,张金屯.山西云顶山亚高山草甸群落生态分析.地理研究,2007,26(1):83-90.
[5]Xi Y X,Zhang J T,Li J L,et al.Quantitative classification and sorting of subalpine shrub and meadow land communities on Guandi Mountain.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2004,13(1):15-20.席跃翔,张金屯,李军玲,等.关帝山亚高山灌丛草甸群落的数量分类与排序研究.草业学报,2004,13(1):15-20.
[6]Shang W,Yang Y X.Degradation characteristics patterns and processes of lakeside wetland in Napahai of northwest Yunnan Plateau,Southwest China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,23(12):3257-3265.尚文,杨永兴.滇西北高原纳帕海湖滨湿地退化特征、规律与过程.应用生态学报,2012,23(12):3257-3265.
[7]Dai X L,Dong Z B,Zhao T W,et al.Quantitative classification and ordination of plant communities in the Dunhuang Yangguan Nature Reserve Wetland.Ecological Science,2015,34(5):129-134.代雪玲,董治宝,赵庭伟,等.敦煌阳关自然保护区湿地植物群落数量分类和排序.生态科学,2015,34(5):129-134.
[8]Sun J,Li X Z,Hu Y M,et al.Classification species diversity and species distribution gradient of permafrost wetland plant communities in Great Xing’an Mountains valleys of Northeast China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2009,20(9):2049-2056.孙菊,李秀珍,胡远满,等.大兴安岭沟谷冻土湿地植物群落分类、物种多样性和物种分布梯度.应用生态学报,2009,20(9):2049-2056.
[9]Hadi,Kargar-Chigani,Seyed,et al.Vegetation composition differentiation and species-environment relationships in the northern part of Isfahan Province,Iran.Journal of Arid Land,2017,(2):1-15.
[10]Salama F M,El-Ghani M M A,El-Tayeh N A,et al.Correlations between soil variables and weed communities in major crops of the desert reclaimed lands in southern Egypt.Rend Fis Acc Lincei,2017,(28):363-378.
[11]Jusik S,Szoszkiewicz K,Kupiec J M,et al.Development of comprehensive river typology based on macrophytes in the mountain-lowland gradient of different Central European ecoregions.Hydrobiologia,2015,745(1):241-262.
[12]Bergin D O,Kimberley M O.Factors influencing natural regeneration of totara on grazed hill country grassland in Northland,New Zealand.New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science,2014,44(1):1-10.
[13]El-Sheikh M A,Thomas J,Alatar A A,et al.Vegetation of Thumamah Nature Park:a managed arid land site in Saudi Arabia.Rendiconti Lincei,2013,24(4):34-36.
[14]Cheng Z H,Zhang J T.Relationship between tourism development and vegetated landscapes in Luya Mountain Nature Reserve,Shanxi,China.Environmental Management,2005,36(3):374-381.
[15]Wang H L,Zhang H G,LüG H.Quantitative classification and ordination of plant communities in Ebinur Lake Wetland.Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2013,27(3):177-181.王合玲,张辉国,吕光辉.艾比湖湿地植物群落的数量分类和排序.干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(3):177-181.
[16]Chen B R,Li H S,Zhu Y X,et al.The spatial pattern and environmental interpretation of the plant community of Hulunber grassland.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(5):1265-1271.陈宝瑞,李海山,朱玉霞,等.呼伦贝尔草原植物群落空间格局及其环境解释.生态学报,2010,30(5):1265-1271.
[17]Wang X,Song N P,Yang X G.Redundancy analysis of soil and vegetation of recovered grassland on abandoned land in the desert steppe.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(2):90-97.王兴,宋乃平,杨新国.荒漠草原弃耕恢复草地土壤与植被的RDA分析.草业学报,2014,23(2):90-97.
[18]Shen Y,Ma H B,Xie Y Z,et al.Responses of soil microbial prosperities to different management modes in typical steppe,Ningxia.Patacultural Science,2012,29(6):863-868.沈艳,马红彬,谢应忠,等.宁夏典型草原土壤微生物特征对不同管理方式的响应.草业科学,2012,29(6):863-868.
[19]Hao H M,Liu Y,Wang D,et al.Influence of restoration on community plant diversity and spatial structure of typical glasslands.Acta Agrestia sinica,2016,24(4):754-759.郝红敏,刘玉,王冬,等.典型草原开垦弃耕后不同年限群落植物多样性和空间结构特征.草地学报,2016,24(4):754-759.
[20]Liu X Q,Zhang X,Zhang L F,et al.Effects of exclosure duration on the community structure and species diversity of an alpine meadow in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(16):5150-5162.刘晓琴,张翔,张立锋,等.封育年限对高寒草甸群落组分和物种多样性的影响.生态学报,2016,36(16):5150-5162.
[21]Li J B,Liu D L,Zhu J Z,et al.Changes of community composition and plant diversity of enclosing grassland in Yili Valley.Patacultural Science,2013,30(5):736-742.李军保,刘东林,朱进忠,等.伊犁河谷围封草地群落组成及植物多样性的变化.草业科学,2013,30(5):736-742.
[22]Ann V,Stephenm M,Ye L,et al.Chronosequence analysis of two enclosure management strategies in degraded rangeland of semi-arid Kenya.Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2009,129(1/2/3):332-339.
[23]Qi D H,Wen Z M,Yang S S,et al.Concentration of N,P and stoichiometry characteristics of plant communities and soil under different restoration stages at forest-steppe zone in Hilly and Gully region of the loess plateau,China.Acta Agrestia Sinica,2016,24(2):322-329.戚德辉,温仲明,杨士梭,等.黄土丘陵区森林草原带不同退耕年限植物群落和土壤N,P化学计量特征.草地学报,2016,24(2):322-329.
[24]Zhang C X,Nan Z B.Research progress on effects of grazing on physical and chemical characteristics of grassland soil.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2010,19(4):204-211.张成霞,南志标.放牧对草地土壤理化特性影响的研究进展.草业学报,2010,19(4):204-211.
[25]Lu H,Yao T,Li J H,et al.Vegetation and soil microorganism characteristics of degraded grasslands.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2015,24(5):34-43.卢虎,姚拓,李建宏,等.高寒地区不同退化草地植被和土壤微生物特性及其相关性研究.草业学报,2015,24(5):34-43.
[26]Mcsherry M E,Ritchie M E.Effects of grazing on grassland soil carbon:aglobal review.Global Change Biology,2013,19(5):1347-1348.
[27]Bao S D.Analysis of soil agrochemicals.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000.鲍士旦.土壤农化分析.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[28]Hill B M O.Twinspan-a fortran program for arranging multivariate data in an ordered two-way table by classification of the individuals and attributes//Ecology and Systematics Ithaca.New York:Cornell University,1979.
[29]Zhu J T,Yu J J,Wang P,et al.Quantitative classification and analysis of relationships between plant communities and their groundwater environment in the Ejin Desert Oasis of China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2011,35(5):480-489.朱军涛,余静洁,王平,等.额济纳荒漠绿洲植物群落的数量分类及其与地下水环境的关系分析.植物生态学报,2011,35(5):480-489.
[30]Scudeller V V,Martins F R,Shepherd G J.Distribution and abundance of arboreal species in the atlantic ombrophilous dense forest in southeastern Brazil.Plant Ecology,2001,152(2):185-199.
[31]Shi Y Y,Chen Y M,Zhang G H,et al.Investigation into the species diversity and biomass of plants in the abandoned farmlands with different restoration years.Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(6):36-40,44.师阳阳,陈云明,张光辉,等.不同退耕年限撂荒地植物多样性及生物量分析.水土保持研究,2012,19(6):36-40,44.
[32]Gu C L,Liu L,Qiu Y,et al.Effects of ecological restoration on species diversity of herd layer in the hilly-gullied area of loess plateau.Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,20(5):99-103.谷长磊,刘琳,邱扬,等.黄土丘陵区生态退耕对草本层植物多样性的影响.水土保持研究,2013,20(5):99-103.
[33]Yang X L,Wang J S,Chen B X,et al.Characteristics of vegetation communities in Sejila Mountain Forest in Tibet.Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2011,33(3):45-50.杨小林,王景升,陈宝雄,等.西藏色季拉山林线植被群落数量特征,北京林业大学学报,2011,33(3):45-50.
[34]Zhang X P,Wang M B,She B,et al.Numerical classification and ordination of forest communities in Pangquangou National Nature Reserve.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(3):754-761.张先平,王孟本,佘波,等.庞泉沟国家自然保护区森林群落的数量分类和排序.生态学报,2006,26(3):754-761.
[35]Shangguan T L,Jia Z L,Zhang J T,et al.A study on the numerical classification and ordination of grassland vegetation in flood plain of the Fen River in Taiyuan.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2001,10(4):31-39.上官铁梁,贾志力,张金屯,等.汾河太原段河漫滩草地植被的数量分类与排序.草业学报,2001,10(4):31-39.
[36]Huang X R,He F,Pang S L,et al.Understory biodiversity of plantations on karst mountains in Guangxi and its relation to environmental factors.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2015,34(11):3024-3033.黄小荣,何峰,庞世龙,等.广西石山人工林灌草多样性与环境因子的关系.生态学杂志,2015,34(11):3024-3033.
[37]Wang Y H,Zhao M F,Kang M Y.Distribution pattern of main steppe communities in Inner Mongolia Region and environmental interpretation.Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2016,52(1):83-88.王宇航,赵鸣飞,康慕谊.内蒙古草原植物群落分布格局及其主导环境因子解释.北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016,52(1):83-88.