不同断面形状的河段对整体河道水力特性影响研究
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摘要
由于地理、地质环境的影响,天然河道存在矩形、U形、V形、梯形四种形式的局部河段,这四种河段会影响整体河道的水力特性,而水工建筑物有时不可避免的要修建在这种河道上,这就使局部存在不同断面形状的河道水力特性研究更有价值。因此,本文主要通过物理模型试验研究四种不同断面形状的河段对整体河道水力特性的影响,主要对河道的流速、流态、水位进行观测,得出了V形断面形式对整体河道水力特性影响最大,故在水工建筑物修建时需避开,但对于不同水工建筑物结构特征需具体分析。
Due to the influence of geographical and geological environment,there are four forms in natural local reach:rectangular,U-shaped,V-shaped and trapezoidal.And inevitably,hydraulic structures have no choice but to built on the river,Therefore,it was more valuable to study the hydraulic characteristics of these four forms.In this paper,the effects of four different section shapes on the hydraulic characteristics of the whole channel were studied by physical model tests,the physical model tests mainly observed the velocity,flow pattern and water level of the river,the test results showed that the V-shaped section had the greatest influence on the hydraulic characteristics of the whole river,it was best not to construct hydraulic structures in V-shaped channels,but at the same time,we should make specific analysis according to the structural characteristics of different hydraulic structures.
Due to the influence of geographical and geological environment,there are four forms in natural local reach:rectangular,U-shaped,V-shaped and trapezoidal.And inevitably,hydraulic structures have no choice but to built on the river,Therefore,it was more valuable to study the hydraulic characteristics of these four forms.In this paper,the effects of four different section shapes on the hydraulic characteristics of the whole channel were studied by physical model tests,the physical model tests mainly observed the velocity,flow pattern and water level of the river,the test results showed that the V-shaped section had the greatest influence on the hydraulic characteristics of the whole river,it was best not to construct hydraulic structures in V-shaped channels,but at the same time,we should make specific analysis according to the structural characteristics of different hydraulic structures.
引文
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[2]张文倬.渠道梯形断面临界水深计算简化[J].四川水利,2003(6):37-39.
[3]曹政权,齐广平,裴兵,等.几种防渗渠道断面的比较分析[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2006(5):134-138.
[4]王旭,张雅卓,赵新,等.基于复式断面河道水力特性的分区防护设计研究[J].水利水电技术,2013,44(7):129-133.
[5]李晋琴.U形渠道断面流速分布规律及水力特性试验研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014.
[6]詹道江,徐向阳,陈元芳.工程水文学[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2010.
[7]吴持恭,水力学马山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室(四川大学).水力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2008.