库容法在灌区量水中的应用
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摘要
针对当前我国大量老旧灌区尚不具备设置固定式量水设施的条件,提出采用库容法量测灌区取水量。以U形防渗渠、矩形防渗渠、梯形防渗渠和梯形土渠作为代表,比较库容法与梯形薄壁堰法和电磁流量计法间的量水差异。结果表明:在小区试验中,与另外两种方法相比,库容法量水结果无显著差异;U形防渗渠、矩形防渗渠、梯形防渗渠以及梯形土渠的泵站取水流量分别为0.146～0.164、0.105～0.121、0.124～0.142和0.083～0.101 m~3/s,相对偏差依次为-2.77%～-2.79%、0.49%～-0.72%、-3.90%～-2.46%和-5.42%～-6.31%,相对偏差整体优于大田验证试验0.19%～1.48%。用库容法量水方便可靠,可作为一种灌区量水技术加以推广应用。
According to the present fact that a large number of old irrigation districts in China still cannot equipped with fixed water flow metering facilities,this paper proposed the storage capacity method to measure the water intake in the irrigation area.The differences of water volume between the storage capacity method and the trapezoid thin-plate weir method as well as the electromagnetic flowmeter method were compared in the U-type anti-seepage canal,rectangular-type anti-seepage canal,trapezoid-type anti-seepage canal and trapezoidal soil canal.The results showed that there was no significant difference in water volume in the storage capacity method compared with the other two methods,the water volume of the pumping stations measured by the U-type anti-seepage canals,rectangular-type anti-seepage canals,trapezoid-type anti-seepage canals and trapezoidal soil canals were 0.146 to 0.164 m~3/s,0.105 to 0.121 m~3/s,0.124 to 0.142 m~3/s and0.083 to 0.101 m~3/s,respectively,the deviation were-2.77%～-2.79%,0.49%～-0.72%,-3.90%～-2.46%and-5.42%～-6.31%,respectively,and the relative deviation were lower than that of the field test,which was 0.19%～1.48%.So as a water volume measurement technology,the storage capacity method is convenient and reliable,and can be widely used in irrigation area.
According to the present fact that a large number of old irrigation districts in China still cannot equipped with fixed water flow metering facilities,this paper proposed the storage capacity method to measure the water intake in the irrigation area.The differences of water volume between the storage capacity method and the trapezoid thin-plate weir method as well as the electromagnetic flowmeter method were compared in the U-type anti-seepage canal,rectangular-type anti-seepage canal,trapezoid-type anti-seepage canal and trapezoidal soil canal.The results showed that there was no significant difference in water volume in the storage capacity method compared with the other two methods,the water volume of the pumping stations measured by the U-type anti-seepage canals,rectangular-type anti-seepage canals,trapezoid-type anti-seepage canals and trapezoidal soil canals were 0.146 to 0.164 m~3/s,0.105 to 0.121 m~3/s,0.124 to 0.142 m~3/s and0.083 to 0.101 m~3/s,respectively,the deviation were-2.77%～-2.79%,0.49%～-0.72%,-3.90%～-2.46%and-5.42%～-6.31%,respectively,and the relative deviation were lower than that of the field test,which was 0.19%～1.48%.So as a water volume measurement technology,the storage capacity method is convenient and reliable,and can be widely used in irrigation area.
引文
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[2]李抗彬,沈冰,李智录,等.基于非恒定水流模拟的灌区明渠水力响应特征分析[J].农业工程学报,2015,10(3):107-114.
[3]韩金旭,蔡大应,李敬茹,等.明渠水流流层平均流速分布规律及其应用[J].中国农村水利水电,2015,(6):116-119,128.
[4]刘焕芳,宗全利,李强,等.灌区梯形量水堰测流改进研究[J].农业工程学报,2005,1(1):57-60.
[5]洪成,吕宏兴,张宽地,等.U形渠道机翼形量水槽试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2005,2(1):63-65.
[6]王莹莹,王文娥,胡笑涛,等.小型渠道梯形薄壁侧堰水力特性试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,9(18):111-117.
[7]潘志宝,吕宏兴,雒天峰,等.闸墩式量水槽试验研究[J].节水灌溉,2009,(9):20-23.
[8]肖苡辀,王文娥,胡笑涛.田间便携式平底短喉道量水槽水力特性试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(10):99-106.
[9]杨珮珮,马孝义,钟新铭.弧底梯形渠道无喉道量水槽水力性能影响因素研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2016,(3):75-79.
[10]王竹青.超声波流量计在大型渠道测流中的应用[J].节水灌溉,2007,(2):63-64,66.
[11]闫兵.流量计在农田灌溉中的应用分析[J].农机化研究,2009,(6):248-249,252.
[12]吉庆丰,沈波,黄勇.即插式长喉道量水计的研究开发[J].农业工程学报,2003,19(6):21-24.