性客体化经历、妒忌对女性客体化他人的影响:有调节的中介模型
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摘要
目的:探讨妒忌在性客体化经历与女性客体化他人关系之间的中介效应,以及社会比较对这一中介过程的调节效应。方法:采用性客体化经历问卷,客体化他人问卷,妒忌量表,社会外表比较量表对716名青年女性进行了调查。结果:①性客体化经历对女性客体化他人有显著的正向预测作用;②妒忌在性客体化经历与女性客体化他人的关系中起完全中介作用;③性客体化通过妒忌间接影响女性客体化他人这一中介过程的后半路径会受到社会比较的调节。结论:性客体化经历对女性客体化他人的影响是有调节的中介过程。
Objective: To explore the mediating effect of envy on the relationship between sexual objectification and female objectification of others and the moderating effect of social comparison on this mediating process. Methods: A survey of 716 young women was conducted using the questionnaire on sexual objectification experience, the questionnaire on objectification of others, the envy scale and the social appearance comparison scale. Results: ①Sexual objectification had a significantly positive effect on female objectification of others; ②Envy played a complete mediating role in the relationship between sexual objectification and female objectification of others; ③Sexual objectification indirectly affected female objectification of others through envy, and the latter half of the intermediary process was moderated by social comparison. Conclusion: The effect of sexual objectification on female objectification of others is a moderated mediating process.
Objective: To explore the mediating effect of envy on the relationship between sexual objectification and female objectification of others and the moderating effect of social comparison on this mediating process. Methods: A survey of 716 young women was conducted using the questionnaire on sexual objectification experience, the questionnaire on objectification of others, the envy scale and the social appearance comparison scale. Results: ①Sexual objectification had a significantly positive effect on female objectification of others; ②Envy played a complete mediating role in the relationship between sexual objectification and female objectification of others; ③Sexual objectification indirectly affected female objectification of others through envy, and the latter half of the intermediary process was moderated by social comparison. Conclusion: The effect of sexual objectification on female objectification of others is a moderated mediating process.
引文
1 Bartky SL. Femininity and domination:Studies in the phenomenology of oppression. New York:Routledge, 1990
2 孙青青,郑丽军,郑涌.性客体化与女性自我客体化.心理科学进展, 2013, 21(10):1794-1802
3 Fredrickson BL, Roberts T. Objectification theory:Toward understanding women’s lived experiences and mental health risks. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 1997, 21(2):173-206
4 Loughnan S, Haslam N, Murnane T, et al. Objectification leads to depersonalization:The denial of mind and moral concern to objectified others. European Journal of Social Psychology, 2010, 40(5):709-717
5 Vaes J, Paladino MP, Puvia E. Are sexualized females complete human beings? Why males and females dehumanize sexually objectified women. European Journal of Social Psychology, 2011, 41(6):774-785
6 Peat CM, Muehlenkamp JJ. Self-objectification, disordered eating, and depression:A test of mediational pathways. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 2011, 35(3):441-450
7 彭先桃,陈颖娇,朱晓伟.社交网站体像比较与抑郁的关系:体像满意度与自尊的链式中介作用.中国临床心理学杂志, 2017, 25(5):957-962
8 Carr ER, Szymanski DM. Sexual objectification and substance abuse in young adult women. Counseling Psychologist,2011, 39(1):39-66
9 Tiggemann M, Williams E. The role of self-objectification in disordered eating, depressed mood, and sexual functioning among women:A comprehensive test of objectification theory. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 2012, 36(1):66-75
10 Carr EA. Sexual objectification and substance abuse in young adult women. Unpublished doctorial dissertation, University of Tennessee, 2011
11 Strelan P, Hargreaves D. Women who objectify other women:The vicious circle of objectification? Sex Roles, 2005, 52(9-10):707-712
12 Myers TA, Crowther JH. Sociocultural pressures, thin-ideal internalization, self-objectification, and body dissatisfaction:Could feminist beliefs be a moderating factor? Body Image,2007, 4(4):296-308
13 Heflick NA, Goldenberg JL, Cooper DP, Puvia E. From women to objects:Appearance focus, target gender, and perceptions of warmth, morality and competence. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2011, 47(3):572-581
14 Harris LT, Fiske ST. Dehumanizing the lowest of the low neuroimaging responses to extreme out-groups. Psychological Science, 2006, 17(10):847-853
15 F?rsterling F, Preikschas S, Agthe M. Ability, luck, and looks:An evolutionary look at achievement ascriptions and the sexual attribution bias. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2007, 92(5):775-788
16 Smith RH, Kim SH. Comprehending envy. Psychological Bulletin, 2007, 133(1):46-64
17 Salovey P, Rodin J. Some antecedents and consequences of social-comparison jealousy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1984, 47(4):780-792
18 曹钰,吴洁清,陶嵘.人际关系亲密度对大学生妒忌程度及类型的影响.中国临床心理学杂志, 2018, 26(1):56-59
19 Festinger L. A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 1954, 7(7):117-140
20 Wheeler L, Miyake K. Social comparison in everyday life.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1992, 62(5):760-773
21 Alicke MD, Zell E. Social comparison and envy. In R Smith(Ed.). Envy:Theory and research. New York:Guilford, 2010
22 Cohen RL. Justice:Views from the social sciences. New York:Plenum Press, 1986
23 Quinn DM, Chaudoir SR, Kallen RW. Performance and flow:A review and integration of self-objectification research. In RM Calogero, S Tantleff-Dunn, JK Thompson(Eds.). Selfobjectification in women:Causes, consequences, and counteractions. Washington, D.C.:American Psychological Association, 2011
24 Lindner D, Tantleff-Dunn S, Jentsch F. Social comparison and the“Circle of Objectification”. Sex Roles, 2012, 67(3-4):222-235
25 Kozee HB, Tylka TL, Augustus-Horvath CL, Denchik AL.Development and psychometric evaluation of the Interpersonal Sexual Objectification Scale. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 2007, 31(2):176-189
26 何腾腾.大学生妒忌的量表编制及其相关研究.西南大学, 2013
27 Schaefer LM, Thompson JK. The development and validation of the physical appearance comparison scale-revised(pacsr). Eat Behav, 2014, 15(2):209-217
28 Dearing E, Hamilton LC. Contemporary advances and classic advice for analyzing mediating and moderating variables.Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Developmen, 2006, 71(3):88-104
29 Takahashi H, Kato M, Matsuura M, et al. When your gain is my pain and your pain is my gain:Neural correlates of envy and schadenfreude. Science, 2009, 323(5916):937-939
2 孙青青,郑丽军,郑涌.性客体化与女性自我客体化.心理科学进展, 2013, 21(10):1794-1802
3 Fredrickson BL, Roberts T. Objectification theory:Toward understanding women’s lived experiences and mental health risks. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 1997, 21(2):173-206
4 Loughnan S, Haslam N, Murnane T, et al. Objectification leads to depersonalization:The denial of mind and moral concern to objectified others. European Journal of Social Psychology, 2010, 40(5):709-717
5 Vaes J, Paladino MP, Puvia E. Are sexualized females complete human beings? Why males and females dehumanize sexually objectified women. European Journal of Social Psychology, 2011, 41(6):774-785
6 Peat CM, Muehlenkamp JJ. Self-objectification, disordered eating, and depression:A test of mediational pathways. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 2011, 35(3):441-450
7 彭先桃,陈颖娇,朱晓伟.社交网站体像比较与抑郁的关系:体像满意度与自尊的链式中介作用.中国临床心理学杂志, 2017, 25(5):957-962
8 Carr ER, Szymanski DM. Sexual objectification and substance abuse in young adult women. Counseling Psychologist,2011, 39(1):39-66
9 Tiggemann M, Williams E. The role of self-objectification in disordered eating, depressed mood, and sexual functioning among women:A comprehensive test of objectification theory. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 2012, 36(1):66-75
10 Carr EA. Sexual objectification and substance abuse in young adult women. Unpublished doctorial dissertation, University of Tennessee, 2011
11 Strelan P, Hargreaves D. Women who objectify other women:The vicious circle of objectification? Sex Roles, 2005, 52(9-10):707-712
12 Myers TA, Crowther JH. Sociocultural pressures, thin-ideal internalization, self-objectification, and body dissatisfaction:Could feminist beliefs be a moderating factor? Body Image,2007, 4(4):296-308
13 Heflick NA, Goldenberg JL, Cooper DP, Puvia E. From women to objects:Appearance focus, target gender, and perceptions of warmth, morality and competence. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2011, 47(3):572-581
14 Harris LT, Fiske ST. Dehumanizing the lowest of the low neuroimaging responses to extreme out-groups. Psychological Science, 2006, 17(10):847-853
15 F?rsterling F, Preikschas S, Agthe M. Ability, luck, and looks:An evolutionary look at achievement ascriptions and the sexual attribution bias. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2007, 92(5):775-788
16 Smith RH, Kim SH. Comprehending envy. Psychological Bulletin, 2007, 133(1):46-64
17 Salovey P, Rodin J. Some antecedents and consequences of social-comparison jealousy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1984, 47(4):780-792
18 曹钰,吴洁清,陶嵘.人际关系亲密度对大学生妒忌程度及类型的影响.中国临床心理学杂志, 2018, 26(1):56-59
19 Festinger L. A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 1954, 7(7):117-140
20 Wheeler L, Miyake K. Social comparison in everyday life.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1992, 62(5):760-773
21 Alicke MD, Zell E. Social comparison and envy. In R Smith(Ed.). Envy:Theory and research. New York:Guilford, 2010
22 Cohen RL. Justice:Views from the social sciences. New York:Plenum Press, 1986
23 Quinn DM, Chaudoir SR, Kallen RW. Performance and flow:A review and integration of self-objectification research. In RM Calogero, S Tantleff-Dunn, JK Thompson(Eds.). Selfobjectification in women:Causes, consequences, and counteractions. Washington, D.C.:American Psychological Association, 2011
24 Lindner D, Tantleff-Dunn S, Jentsch F. Social comparison and the“Circle of Objectification”. Sex Roles, 2012, 67(3-4):222-235
25 Kozee HB, Tylka TL, Augustus-Horvath CL, Denchik AL.Development and psychometric evaluation of the Interpersonal Sexual Objectification Scale. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 2007, 31(2):176-189
26 何腾腾.大学生妒忌的量表编制及其相关研究.西南大学, 2013
27 Schaefer LM, Thompson JK. The development and validation of the physical appearance comparison scale-revised(pacsr). Eat Behav, 2014, 15(2):209-217
28 Dearing E, Hamilton LC. Contemporary advances and classic advice for analyzing mediating and moderating variables.Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Developmen, 2006, 71(3):88-104
29 Takahashi H, Kato M, Matsuura M, et al. When your gain is my pain and your pain is my gain:Neural correlates of envy and schadenfreude. Science, 2009, 323(5916):937-939