夹竹桃科驼峰藤物候与繁育特征
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摘要
对中山市田心森林公园驼峰藤Merrillanthus hainanensis植物居群的物候周期、花部特征、访花昆虫种类、访花行为及传粉过程进行观察,检测了其花粉活力与柱头可授性,并对其进行人工授粉辅助实验。结果表明:①驼峰藤的繁殖物候期可大致划分为展梢期、始花期、盛花期、终花期、幼果期、果实成熟期和落果期。②驼峰藤的杂交指数为4,说明其繁育系统以异交为主,部分自交亲和,需要传粉者。③人工套袋试验显示,驼峰藤没有自发的自花受粉。④昆虫借助足部特殊结构将花粉块移出,并将花粉块通过花药裂口插入柱头腔中,以完成授粉;驼峰藤访花昆虫主要有切叶蜂Megachile sp.、中华蜜蜂Apis cerana和台湾马蜂Polistes formosanus。
The phenological cycle, the general characteristics of flower, the species of pollinators, the flower visiting behaviors and the pollination process were investigated in the population of Merrillanthus hainanensis. The pollen viability and stigma receptivity within the population were measured, and its artificial pollination test was also conducted. The results showed that: ① The phenophase of Merrillanthus hainanensis can be roughly divided into spreading stage, initial flowering, flowering stage, final flowering, fruiting stage, young fruit stage, fruit ripening and fruit falling. ② The hybrid index of Merrillanthus hainanensis is four, indicating that its breeding system is dominated by outbreeding, partly self-compatible and needs pollinators. ③ Artificial bagging experiments showed that there was no spontaneous self-pollination phenomenon. ④ The insect moved out of the pollen block by means of the special structure of the foot and inserted the pollen block into the stigma cavity through the opening of the anther to complete the pollination. The most frequent floral visitors were bees( Megachile sp., Apis cerana and Polistes formosanus).
The phenological cycle, the general characteristics of flower, the species of pollinators, the flower visiting behaviors and the pollination process were investigated in the population of Merrillanthus hainanensis. The pollen viability and stigma receptivity within the population were measured, and its artificial pollination test was also conducted. The results showed that: ① The phenophase of Merrillanthus hainanensis can be roughly divided into spreading stage, initial flowering, flowering stage, final flowering, fruiting stage, young fruit stage, fruit ripening and fruit falling. ② The hybrid index of Merrillanthus hainanensis is four, indicating that its breeding system is dominated by outbreeding, partly self-compatible and needs pollinators. ③ Artificial bagging experiments showed that there was no spontaneous self-pollination phenomenon. ④ The insect moved out of the pollen block by means of the special structure of the foot and inserted the pollen block into the stigma cavity through the opening of the anther to complete the pollination. The most frequent floral visitors were bees( Megachile sp., Apis cerana and Polistes formosanus).
引文
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[3] 应俊生,张玉龙,张志松,等.中国种子植物特有属[M].北京:科学出版社,1997:140-141.YING J S,ZHANG Y L,ZHANG Z S,et al.Endemic seed plant genera in China[M].Beijing:Science Press,1997:140-141.
[4] CHUN W Y,TSIANG Y.Sunyatsenia 6[M].1941:107-108.
[5] 陈封怀,吴德邻.广东植物志(第1卷)[M].广州:广东科技出版社,1987:513.CHEN F H,WU D L.Flora of Guangdong(Vol.1)[M].Guangzhou:Science and Technology Press,1987:513.
[6] 张荣京,邢福武,萧丽萍,等.海南鹦哥岭的种子植物区系[J].生物多样性,2007,15(4):382-392.ZHANG R J,XING F W,SIU L P,et al.Spermatophyte flora of Yinggeling Mountain,Hainan[J].Biodiversity Science,2007,15(4):382-392.
[7] 邢福武,吴德邻,李泽贤,等.海南岛特有植物的研究[J].热带亚热带植物学报,1995,3(1):1-12.XING F W,WU D L,LI Z X,et al.Endemic plants of Hainan Island[J].Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany,1995,3(1):1-12.
[8] 蒋谦才,何秀云,修小娟,等.中山市野生珍稀濒危植物和国家重点保护野生植物调查[J].广东林业科技,2007(2):28-31.JIANG Q C,HE X Y,XIU X J,et al.Studies on rare and endangered species and state key protected species in Zhongshan,Guangdong Province[J].Guangdong Forest Science,2007(2):28-31.
[9] 侯俊,王彩云,张翔宇,等.驼峰藤组织培养及快速繁殖[J].湖北农业科学,2017,56(17):3345-3348.HOU J,WANG C Y,ZHANG X Y,et al.Tissue culture and rapid propagation of Merrillanthus hainanensis[J].Hubei Agricultural Science,2017,56(17):3345-3348.
[10] 何亚平,刘建全.植物繁育系统研究的最新进展和评述[J].植物生态学报,2003,27(2):151-163.HE Y P,LIU J Q.A review on recent advances in the studies of plant breeding system[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2003,27(2):151-163.
[11] 刘鹏,刘惠民,王连春,等.牛角瓜花部综合特征与繁育系统[J].园艺学报,2015,42(10):2002-2014.LIU P,LIU H M,WANG L C,et al.Floral syndrome and breeding system of Calotropis gigantean[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2015,42(10):2002-2014.
[12] DAFNI A.Pollination ecology:A practical approach[M].New York:Oxford University Press,1992:1-57.
[13] 张文辉,祖元刚,刘国彬.十种濒危植物的种群生态学特征及致危因素分析[J].生态学报,2002,22(9):1512-1520.ZHANG W H,ZU Y G,LIU G B,et al.Population ecological characteristics and analysis on endangered cause of ten endangered plant species[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2002,22(9):1512-1520.
[14] 王洁,杨志玲,杨旭.濒危植物繁育系统研究进展[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(9):207-213.WANG J,YANG Z L,YANG X.Advances in the studies of endangered plants’ breeding system[J].Journal of Northwest A & F University(Natural Science Edition),2011,39(9):207-213.