生物质炭施用年限对烤烟生长及经济性状的影响
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摘要
为烤烟废弃物及玉米秸秆在烤烟生产上的推广应用提供依据,设不添加生物质炭(T1,CK)、添加烟秆炭(T2)、废弃烟叶炭(T3)和玉米秸秆炭(T4)4个处理,于2016-2018年采用田间试验方法,研究其对烤烟生长、产量、经济性状的影响。结果表明:2016年,添加废弃烟叶炭处理较其余2年对促进烤烟生长的效果更明显,其株高增高、有效叶片数增多和茎围增大;2016年、2017年和2018年,均以添加废弃烟叶炭处理烟叶的产量、均价和产值最高,分别为167.8kg/667m2、161.2kg/667m2和189.7kg/667m2,27.8元/kg、28.2元/kg和30.5元/kg,4 674.9元/kg、4 545.5元/kg和5 786.4元/kg;上等烟叶比例也是添加废弃烟叶炭处理最高,分别为67.0%、68.1%和81.4%,均与不添加生物质炭差异显著。添加废弃烟叶炭更有利于促进烤烟生长、产量及经济性状提高,生物质炭对烤烟生长具有一定的滞后期。
The effect of various types of biochar(tobacco stalk-derived biochar,wasted tobacco leafderived biochar and maize straw-derived biochar)on tobacco growth,yield,economic traits was investigated to provide references for popularization and application of tobacco waste and maize straw in tobacco production.The field experiment was conducted from 2016 to 2018,with the treatments of T1(CK,without biochar),T2(tobacco stem-derived biochar),T3(wasted tobacco leaf-derived biochar)and T4(maize straw-derived biochar).The results showed that tobacco growth with T3 was more obvious in2016 than in 2017 and 2018,including increase of tobacco height,leaf number and stem diameter.The tobacco leaf yield,average price and output value with T3 was the highest in 2016,2017 and 2018,of which the tobacco leaf yield was 167.8 kg/667 m2,161.2 kg/667 m2,189.7 kg/667 m2,the average price was27.8 yuan/kg,28.2 yuan/kg,30.5 yuan/kg,the output value was 4 674.9 yuan/kg,4 545.5 yuan/kg,5 786.4 yuan/kg,respectively.Meanwhile,the proportion of high-grade tobacco leaf with T3 was the highest in 2016,2017 and 2018(also significantly higher than T1),which was 67.0%,68.1% and81.4%,respectively.In conclusion,tobacco leaf-derived biochar was more favorable to enhance tobacco growth,tobacco yield and economic traits.The effect of biochar on tobacco growth appears to be hysteretic.
The effect of various types of biochar(tobacco stalk-derived biochar,wasted tobacco leafderived biochar and maize straw-derived biochar)on tobacco growth,yield,economic traits was investigated to provide references for popularization and application of tobacco waste and maize straw in tobacco production.The field experiment was conducted from 2016 to 2018,with the treatments of T1(CK,without biochar),T2(tobacco stem-derived biochar),T3(wasted tobacco leaf-derived biochar)and T4(maize straw-derived biochar).The results showed that tobacco growth with T3 was more obvious in2016 than in 2017 and 2018,including increase of tobacco height,leaf number and stem diameter.The tobacco leaf yield,average price and output value with T3 was the highest in 2016,2017 and 2018,of which the tobacco leaf yield was 167.8 kg/667 m2,161.2 kg/667 m2,189.7 kg/667 m2,the average price was27.8 yuan/kg,28.2 yuan/kg,30.5 yuan/kg,the output value was 4 674.9 yuan/kg,4 545.5 yuan/kg,5 786.4 yuan/kg,respectively.Meanwhile,the proportion of high-grade tobacco leaf with T3 was the highest in 2016,2017 and 2018(also significantly higher than T1),which was 67.0%,68.1% and81.4%,respectively.In conclusion,tobacco leaf-derived biochar was more favorable to enhance tobacco growth,tobacco yield and economic traits.The effect of biochar on tobacco growth appears to be hysteretic.
引文
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[20]肖和友,李宏图,杨勇,等.烟草废弃物生物质炭对植烟土壤、烤烟生长及经济效益的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2018(6):36-39.
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[2]陈若星,杨虹琦,赵松义,等.土壤类型对烤烟生长及品质特征的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2012,33(6):33-38.
[3]董占能,白聚川,张皓东.烟草废弃物资源化[J].中国烟草科学,2008,29(1):39-42.
[4]王建安,翟新,徐发华,等.浅谈烤烟基本烟田废弃物的综合利用[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(34):138-142.
[5]时连辉.几种农业废弃物堆肥过程中理化性状的变化研究[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,48(5):716-721.
[6]谢光辉.非粮生物质原料体系研发进展及方向[J].中国农业大学学报,2012,17(6):1-19.
[7]王丽,李雪铭,许妍.中国大陆秸秆露天焚烧的经济损失研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2008,22(2):170-175.
[8]方放,李想,石祖梁,等.黄淮海地区农作物秸秆资源分布及利用结构分析[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(2):228-234.
[9]何勋,张志鹏,史景钊,等.秸秆综合利用模式效益分析[J].中国农机化学报,2014,35(4):180-183.
[10]孔丝纺,姚兴成,张江勇,等.生物质炭的特性及其应用的研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(4):716-723.
[11]邱良祝,朱脩玥,马彪,等.生物质炭热解炭化条件及其性质的文献分析[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(6):1622-1630.
[12]肖和友,邓建功,苏以荣,等.生物质炭在烟草种植上的应用潜力展望[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(27):207-210.
[13]张阿凤,邵慧芸,成功,等.小麦生物质炭对烤烟生长及根际土壤理化性质的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2018,46(6):85-102.
[14]王丽渊,刘国顺,王林虹,等.生物质炭对烤烟干物质积累量及根际土壤理化性质的影响[J].华北农学报,2014,29(1):140-144.
[15]牛玉德,王国良,李金峰,等.不同生物质炭施用量对汉中烤烟生长发育、产量产值和品质的影响[J].江西农业学报,2016,28(1):60-63.
[16]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[17]王欢欢,任天宝,张志浩,等.生物质炭对烤烟旺长期根系发育及光合特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(2):287-292.
[18]管恩娜,管志坤,杨波,等.生物质炭对植烟土壤质量及烤烟生长的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2016,37(2):36-41.
[19]袁新凯,杜君,年夫照,等.生物质炭对植烟土壤改良及烤烟经济性状的影响[J].河南科学,2017,35(12):1957-1960.
[20]肖和友,李宏图,杨勇,等.烟草废弃物生物质炭对植烟土壤、烤烟生长及经济效益的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2018(6):36-39.
[21]彭靖里,马敏象,吴绍情,等.论烟草废弃物的综合利用技术及其发展前景[J].中国资源综合利用,2001(8):18-20.