Resistance status of main malaria vector, Liston (Diptera:Culicidae) to insecticides in a malaria Endemic Area,Southern Iran
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摘要
Objective: To evaluate the susceptibility of Anopheles stephensi(An. stephensi) Liston, the main malaria vector in southern Iran, to WHO recommended insecticides. Methods: Larvae of An. stephensi were collected from three different larval habitats in both urban and rural area of Bandar Abbas city and one rural area in Rudan county southern Iran. WHO standard method was used for evaluation of adult and larval mosquito susceptibility. Bendiocarb, permethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin as insecticide and temephos and chlorpyriphos as larvicide were used at the diagnostic dosages recommended by WHO. Results: Findings of this study showed all larval populations of An. stephensi were completely susceptible to temephos and candidate for resistance to chlorpyriphos. Adult mosquitoes in rural areas of Bandar Abbas city were resistant to pyrethroid and carbamate insecticides. Conclusion: Comparison of the results of this survey with previous studies indicates that the resistance to pyrethroids and carbamates in this malaria endemic region is increasing. Wide use of pesticides in agriculture is certainly effective in increasing resistance. The inter-sectoral coordination and collaboration in health and agriculture seem to be necessary to manage insecticide resistance in malaria vectors.
Objective: To evaluate the susceptibility of Anopheles stephensi(An. stephensi) Liston, the main malaria vector in southern Iran, to WHO recommended insecticides. Methods: Larvae of An. stephensi were collected from three different larval habitats in both urban and rural area of Bandar Abbas city and one rural area in Rudan county southern Iran. WHO standard method was used for evaluation of adult and larval mosquito susceptibility. Bendiocarb, permethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin as insecticide and temephos and chlorpyriphos as larvicide were used at the diagnostic dosages recommended by WHO. Results: Findings of this study showed all larval populations of An. stephensi were completely susceptible to temephos and candidate for resistance to chlorpyriphos. Adult mosquitoes in rural areas of Bandar Abbas city were resistant to pyrethroid and carbamate insecticides. Conclusion: Comparison of the results of this survey with previous studies indicates that the resistance to pyrethroids and carbamates in this malaria endemic region is increasing. Wide use of pesticides in agriculture is certainly effective in increasing resistance. The inter-sectoral coordination and collaboration in health and agriculture seem to be necessary to manage insecticide resistance in malaria vectors.
Objective: To evaluate the susceptibility of Anopheles stephensi(An. stephensi) Liston, the main malaria vector in southern Iran, to WHO recommended insecticides. Methods: Larvae of An. stephensi were collected from three different larval habitats in both urban and rural area of Bandar Abbas city and one rural area in Rudan county southern Iran. WHO standard method was used for evaluation of adult and larval mosquito susceptibility. Bendiocarb, permethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin as insecticide and temephos and chlorpyriphos as larvicide were used at the diagnostic dosages recommended by WHO. Results: Findings of this study showed all larval populations of An. stephensi were completely susceptible to temephos and candidate for resistance to chlorpyriphos. Adult mosquitoes in rural areas of Bandar Abbas city were resistant to pyrethroid and carbamate insecticides. Conclusion: Comparison of the results of this survey with previous studies indicates that the resistance to pyrethroids and carbamates in this malaria endemic region is increasing. Wide use of pesticides in agriculture is certainly effective in increasing resistance. The inter-sectoral coordination and collaboration in health and agriculture seem to be necessary to manage insecticide resistance in malaria vectors.
引文
[1]World Health Organization.Malaria report.WHO 2017.Geneva:WHO;2017.
[2]World Health Organization.Malaria elimination,Guide for participants.WHO 2016;Geneva:WHO;2016.
[3]Hemami MR,Sari AA,Raeisi A,Vatandoost H,Majdzadeh R.Malaria elimination in Iran,importance and challenges.Int J Prev Med 2013;4(1):88.
[4]World Health Organization.A framework for malaria elimination.WHO2017;Geneva:WHO;2017.
[5]United States Agency for International Development.Integrated vector management programs for malaria vector control.Version 2017.USA:USAID;2017,p.5.
[6]Khoobdel M,Shayeghi M,Vatandoost H,Rassi Y,Abaei MR,Ladonni H,et al.Field evaluation of permethrin-treated military uniforms against Anopheles stephensi and 4 species of Culex(Diptera:Culicidae)in Iran.J Entomol 2006;3(2):108-118.
[7]World Health Organization.Insecticide resistance.Geneva:WHO;2017.[Online]Available from:http://www.who.int/malaria/areas/vector_control/insecticide_resistance/en/[Accessed on 17th November2017].
[8]Salahi-Moghaddam A,Khoshdel A,Dalaei H,Pakdad K,Nutifafa GG,Sedaghat MM.Spatial changes in the distribution of malaria vectors during the past 5 decades in Iran.Acta Trop 2017;166:45-53.
[9]Saghafipour A,Abai MR,Farzinnia B,Nafar R,Ladonni H,AzariHamidian S.Mosquito(Diptera:culicidae)fauna of Qom Province,Iran.J Arthropod-Borne Dis 2012;6(1):54-61.
[10]Sharifi-Sarasiabi K,Haghighi A,Kazemi B,Taghipour N,Mojarad EN,Gachkar L.Molecular surveillance of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum DHFR mutations in isolates from Southern Iran.Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2016;58:5.
[11]Mofidi Ch,Samimi B,Eshghi N,Ghiassudin M.Further studies of anopheline susceptibility to insecticide in Iran:result of Bosvine and Nash methods.Inst Iran Parasit Malariol Publ Tehran 1958;585:7.
[12]Mofidi,Ch.,Samimi,B.Resistance of Anopheles stephensi to dieldrin,Iran.Inst Iran Parasit Malariol Publ Tehran 1960;650:3-4.
[13]Manouchehri AV,Zaini A,Yazdanpanah H.Selection for resistance to malathion in Anopheles stephensi mysorensis.Mosq News 1975;35:278-280.
[14]Zare M,Soleimani-Ahmadi M,Davoodi SH,Sanei-Dehkordi AR.Insecticide susceptibility of Anopheles stephensi to DDT and current insecticides in an elimination area in Iran,Parasite Vectors 2016;9:571.
[15]Vatandoost H,Hanafi-Bojd AA.Indication of pyrethroid resistance in the main malaria vector,Anopheles stephensi from Iran.Asian Pac JTrop Med 2012;5(9):722-726.
[16]Gorouhi MA,Vatandoost H,Oshaghi MA,Raeisi A,Enayati AA,Mirhendi H,et al.Current susceptibility status of Anopheles stephensi(Diptera:Culicidae)to different imagicides in a malarious area,Southeastern of Iran.J Arthropod-Borne Dis 2016;10(4):493-500.
[17]Vatandoost H,Hanafi-Bojd AA,Raeisi A,Abai MR,Nikpour F.Ecology,monitoring and mapping of insecticide resistance of malaria vector,Anopheles culicifacies(Diptera:Culicidae)to different imagicides in Iran.Asian Pac J Trop Dis 2017;7(1):53-56.
[18]Fathian M,Vatandoost H,Moosa-Kazemi SH,Raeisi A,YaghoobiErshadi MR,Oshaghi MA,et al.Susceptibility of culicidae mosquitoes to some insecticides recommended by WHO in a malaria endemic area of Southeastern Iran.J Arthropod-Borne Dis 2015;9(1):22-34.
[19]Chavshin AR,Dabiri F,Vatandoost H,Mohammadi Bavani M.Susceptibility of Anopheles maculipennis to different classes of insecticides in West Azarbaijan Province,Northwestern Iran.Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015;5(5):403-406.
[20]Vatandoost H,Oshaghi MA,Abaie MR,Shahi M,Yaaghoobi F,Baghaii M,et al.Bionomics of Anopheles stephensi Liston in the malarious area of Hormozgan Province,southern Iran.Acta Trop 2006;97(2):196-203.
[21]WHO.Test procedures for insecticide resistance monitoring in malaria vector mosquitoes.2nd ed.Geneva:WHO;2016,p.55.
[22]Subbarao SK,Vasantha K,Adak T,Sharma VP,Curtis CF.Egg-float ridge number in Anopheles stephensi:ecological variation and genetic analysis.Med Vet Entomol 1987;1(3):265-271.
[23]Azari-Hamidian S,Harbach RE.Keys to the adult females and fourth instar larvae of the mosquitoes of Iran(Diptera:Culicidae).Zootaxa2009;2078:1-33.
[24]Oshaghi MA,Yaghoobi F,Vatandoost H,Abai MR,Akbarzadeh K.Anopheles stephensi biological forms,geographical distribution,and malaria transmission in malarious regions in Iran.Pak J Biol Sci 2006;9:294-298.
[25]World Health Organization.Guidelines for laboratory and field testing of mosquito larvicides.Geneva:WHO;2005.
[26]Vatandoost H,Shahi H,Abai MR,Hanafi-Bojd AA,Oshaghi MA,Zamani G.Larval habitats of main malaria vectors in Hormozgan province and their susceptibility to different larvicides.Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2004;35:22-25.
[27]Hanafi-Bojd AA,Vatandoost H,Oshaghi MA,Charrahy Z,Haghdoost A,Zamani G,et al.Spatial analysis and mapping of malaria risk in an endemic area,south of Iran:a GIS based decision making for planning of control.Acta Trop 2012;122(1):132-137.
[28]Abai MR,Hanafi-Bojd AA,and Vatandoost H.Laboratory evaluation of temephos against Anopheles stephensi and Culex pipiens Larvae in Iran.J Arthropod-Borne Dis 2016;10(4):510-518.
[29]Soltani A,Vatandoost H,Oshaghi MA,Maleki Ravasan N,Enayati AA,Asgarian F.Resistance mechanisms of Anopheles stephensi(Diptera:Culicidae)to Temephos.J Arthropod-Borne Dis 2015;9(1):71-83.
[30]Anderasen MH.Emerging resistance to temephos in Anopheles stephensi in the Al-Dhahira region of Oman.Mission Report WHO 2006;1-13.
[31]Yeryan M,Basseri HR,Hanafi-Bojd AA,Raeisi A,Edalat H,Safari R.Bio-ecology of malaria vectors in an endemic area,Southeast of Iran.Asian Pac J Trop Med 2016;9(1):32-38.
[32]Nikpour F,Vatandoost H,Hanafi-Bojd AA,Raeisi A,Ranjbar M,Enayati AA,et al.Evaluation of deltamethrin in combination of piperonyl butoxide(PBO)against pyrethroid resistant,malaria vector,Anopheles stephensi in IRS implementation:An experimental semifiled trial in Iran.J Arthropod-Borne Dis 2017;11(4):469-469.
[33]Ali Khan HA,Akram W,Lee S.Resistance to selected pyrethroid insecticides in the malaria mosquito,Anopheles stephensi(Diptera:Culicidae),From Punjab,Pakistan.J Med Entomol 2018;55(3):735-738.
[34]Ahmad M,Buhler C,Pignatelli P,Ranson H,Nahzat SM,Naseem M,et al.Status of insecticide resistance in high-risk malaria provinces in Afghanistan.Malar J 2016;15:98.
[35]Azizi K,Soltani A,Poodat A,Khodadadi M,Yaran M,Hasanvand B.Susceptibility of Anopheles stephensi against five current chemical insecticides.Hormozgan Med J 2011;14(4):305-311.
[36]Aikpon R,Agossa F,Osse R,Oussou O,Aizoun N,Oke-Agbo F,Akogbeto M.Bendiocarb resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l.populations from Atacora department in Benin,West Africa:a threat for malaria vector control.Parasit Vectors 2013;26(6):192.
[37]Himeidan YE,Abdel Hamid MM,Jones CM,Ranson H.Extensive permethrin and DDT resistance in Anopheles arabiensis from eastern and central Sudan.Parasit Vectors 2011;4:154.
[38]Gorouhi M.A.Investigating of biochemical and molecular resistance mechanisms in Anopheles stephensi to DDT and some pyrethroid insecticides.PhD thesis.Tehran University of Medical Sciences;2016.
[2]World Health Organization.Malaria elimination,Guide for participants.WHO 2016;Geneva:WHO;2016.
[3]Hemami MR,Sari AA,Raeisi A,Vatandoost H,Majdzadeh R.Malaria elimination in Iran,importance and challenges.Int J Prev Med 2013;4(1):88.
[4]World Health Organization.A framework for malaria elimination.WHO2017;Geneva:WHO;2017.
[5]United States Agency for International Development.Integrated vector management programs for malaria vector control.Version 2017.USA:USAID;2017,p.5.
[6]Khoobdel M,Shayeghi M,Vatandoost H,Rassi Y,Abaei MR,Ladonni H,et al.Field evaluation of permethrin-treated military uniforms against Anopheles stephensi and 4 species of Culex(Diptera:Culicidae)in Iran.J Entomol 2006;3(2):108-118.
[7]World Health Organization.Insecticide resistance.Geneva:WHO;2017.[Online]Available from:http://www.who.int/malaria/areas/vector_control/insecticide_resistance/en/[Accessed on 17th November2017].
[8]Salahi-Moghaddam A,Khoshdel A,Dalaei H,Pakdad K,Nutifafa GG,Sedaghat MM.Spatial changes in the distribution of malaria vectors during the past 5 decades in Iran.Acta Trop 2017;166:45-53.
[9]Saghafipour A,Abai MR,Farzinnia B,Nafar R,Ladonni H,AzariHamidian S.Mosquito(Diptera:culicidae)fauna of Qom Province,Iran.J Arthropod-Borne Dis 2012;6(1):54-61.
[10]Sharifi-Sarasiabi K,Haghighi A,Kazemi B,Taghipour N,Mojarad EN,Gachkar L.Molecular surveillance of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum DHFR mutations in isolates from Southern Iran.Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2016;58:5.
[11]Mofidi Ch,Samimi B,Eshghi N,Ghiassudin M.Further studies of anopheline susceptibility to insecticide in Iran:result of Bosvine and Nash methods.Inst Iran Parasit Malariol Publ Tehran 1958;585:7.
[12]Mofidi,Ch.,Samimi,B.Resistance of Anopheles stephensi to dieldrin,Iran.Inst Iran Parasit Malariol Publ Tehran 1960;650:3-4.
[13]Manouchehri AV,Zaini A,Yazdanpanah H.Selection for resistance to malathion in Anopheles stephensi mysorensis.Mosq News 1975;35:278-280.
[14]Zare M,Soleimani-Ahmadi M,Davoodi SH,Sanei-Dehkordi AR.Insecticide susceptibility of Anopheles stephensi to DDT and current insecticides in an elimination area in Iran,Parasite Vectors 2016;9:571.
[15]Vatandoost H,Hanafi-Bojd AA.Indication of pyrethroid resistance in the main malaria vector,Anopheles stephensi from Iran.Asian Pac JTrop Med 2012;5(9):722-726.
[16]Gorouhi MA,Vatandoost H,Oshaghi MA,Raeisi A,Enayati AA,Mirhendi H,et al.Current susceptibility status of Anopheles stephensi(Diptera:Culicidae)to different imagicides in a malarious area,Southeastern of Iran.J Arthropod-Borne Dis 2016;10(4):493-500.
[17]Vatandoost H,Hanafi-Bojd AA,Raeisi A,Abai MR,Nikpour F.Ecology,monitoring and mapping of insecticide resistance of malaria vector,Anopheles culicifacies(Diptera:Culicidae)to different imagicides in Iran.Asian Pac J Trop Dis 2017;7(1):53-56.
[18]Fathian M,Vatandoost H,Moosa-Kazemi SH,Raeisi A,YaghoobiErshadi MR,Oshaghi MA,et al.Susceptibility of culicidae mosquitoes to some insecticides recommended by WHO in a malaria endemic area of Southeastern Iran.J Arthropod-Borne Dis 2015;9(1):22-34.
[19]Chavshin AR,Dabiri F,Vatandoost H,Mohammadi Bavani M.Susceptibility of Anopheles maculipennis to different classes of insecticides in West Azarbaijan Province,Northwestern Iran.Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015;5(5):403-406.
[20]Vatandoost H,Oshaghi MA,Abaie MR,Shahi M,Yaaghoobi F,Baghaii M,et al.Bionomics of Anopheles stephensi Liston in the malarious area of Hormozgan Province,southern Iran.Acta Trop 2006;97(2):196-203.
[21]WHO.Test procedures for insecticide resistance monitoring in malaria vector mosquitoes.2nd ed.Geneva:WHO;2016,p.55.
[22]Subbarao SK,Vasantha K,Adak T,Sharma VP,Curtis CF.Egg-float ridge number in Anopheles stephensi:ecological variation and genetic analysis.Med Vet Entomol 1987;1(3):265-271.
[23]Azari-Hamidian S,Harbach RE.Keys to the adult females and fourth instar larvae of the mosquitoes of Iran(Diptera:Culicidae).Zootaxa2009;2078:1-33.
[24]Oshaghi MA,Yaghoobi F,Vatandoost H,Abai MR,Akbarzadeh K.Anopheles stephensi biological forms,geographical distribution,and malaria transmission in malarious regions in Iran.Pak J Biol Sci 2006;9:294-298.
[25]World Health Organization.Guidelines for laboratory and field testing of mosquito larvicides.Geneva:WHO;2005.
[26]Vatandoost H,Shahi H,Abai MR,Hanafi-Bojd AA,Oshaghi MA,Zamani G.Larval habitats of main malaria vectors in Hormozgan province and their susceptibility to different larvicides.Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2004;35:22-25.
[27]Hanafi-Bojd AA,Vatandoost H,Oshaghi MA,Charrahy Z,Haghdoost A,Zamani G,et al.Spatial analysis and mapping of malaria risk in an endemic area,south of Iran:a GIS based decision making for planning of control.Acta Trop 2012;122(1):132-137.
[28]Abai MR,Hanafi-Bojd AA,and Vatandoost H.Laboratory evaluation of temephos against Anopheles stephensi and Culex pipiens Larvae in Iran.J Arthropod-Borne Dis 2016;10(4):510-518.
[29]Soltani A,Vatandoost H,Oshaghi MA,Maleki Ravasan N,Enayati AA,Asgarian F.Resistance mechanisms of Anopheles stephensi(Diptera:Culicidae)to Temephos.J Arthropod-Borne Dis 2015;9(1):71-83.
[30]Anderasen MH.Emerging resistance to temephos in Anopheles stephensi in the Al-Dhahira region of Oman.Mission Report WHO 2006;1-13.
[31]Yeryan M,Basseri HR,Hanafi-Bojd AA,Raeisi A,Edalat H,Safari R.Bio-ecology of malaria vectors in an endemic area,Southeast of Iran.Asian Pac J Trop Med 2016;9(1):32-38.
[32]Nikpour F,Vatandoost H,Hanafi-Bojd AA,Raeisi A,Ranjbar M,Enayati AA,et al.Evaluation of deltamethrin in combination of piperonyl butoxide(PBO)against pyrethroid resistant,malaria vector,Anopheles stephensi in IRS implementation:An experimental semifiled trial in Iran.J Arthropod-Borne Dis 2017;11(4):469-469.
[33]Ali Khan HA,Akram W,Lee S.Resistance to selected pyrethroid insecticides in the malaria mosquito,Anopheles stephensi(Diptera:Culicidae),From Punjab,Pakistan.J Med Entomol 2018;55(3):735-738.
[34]Ahmad M,Buhler C,Pignatelli P,Ranson H,Nahzat SM,Naseem M,et al.Status of insecticide resistance in high-risk malaria provinces in Afghanistan.Malar J 2016;15:98.
[35]Azizi K,Soltani A,Poodat A,Khodadadi M,Yaran M,Hasanvand B.Susceptibility of Anopheles stephensi against five current chemical insecticides.Hormozgan Med J 2011;14(4):305-311.
[36]Aikpon R,Agossa F,Osse R,Oussou O,Aizoun N,Oke-Agbo F,Akogbeto M.Bendiocarb resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l.populations from Atacora department in Benin,West Africa:a threat for malaria vector control.Parasit Vectors 2013;26(6):192.
[37]Himeidan YE,Abdel Hamid MM,Jones CM,Ranson H.Extensive permethrin and DDT resistance in Anopheles arabiensis from eastern and central Sudan.Parasit Vectors 2011;4:154.
[38]Gorouhi M.A.Investigating of biochemical and molecular resistance mechanisms in Anopheles stephensi to DDT and some pyrethroid insecticides.PhD thesis.Tehran University of Medical Sciences;2016.