Effects of physicochemical factors on development and survival of Opisthorchis viverrini uterine eggs
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摘要
Objective: To investigate the maturity development of miracidia in uterine eggs from four portions of the Opisthorchis viverrini uterus and environmental factors possibly affected in maturation and infectivity of distal part uterine eggs.Methods: Uteri of adult worms were divided into 4 equal parts.Development of eggs was determined under light microscope.Only embryonated eggs were used to evaluate the effects of physicochemical factors: temperature, salinity, acidity, ultraviolet A, B, C.Infection success was evaluated by feeding treated eggs to intermediate host snails and determining by using a PCR approach.Results: Eggs obtained from the uterus closest to the ovary(regions 1 and 2) failed to develop in vitro.Eggs from region 4 of the uterus(close to the genital pore) were used to study effects of physicochemical factors.The highest survival and infection success was in groups of eggs kept at 30 ℃(95.20%).The calculated period of loss infection success(LI_(50) and LI_(95)) on miracidia in distal uterine eggs by exposure to UV-A, UV-B and UV-C were 73 and 1 523 d; 8 and 20 d; 1 and 2 d, respectively.Lethal concentrations(LC_(50) and LC_(95)) of salinity, HCl and NaOH on miracidia in distal uterine eggs were 45.43 and 120.09 ppt, 0.01 and 0.25 M; 0.01 and 0.11 M, respectively, after 24 h exposure.Conclusions: Opisthorchis viverrini eggs display a high tolerance to environmental conditions, especially after snail host eating for infection.
Objective: To investigate the maturity development of miracidia in uterine eggs from four portions of the Opisthorchis viverrini uterus and environmental factors possibly affected in maturation and infectivity of distal part uterine eggs.Methods: Uteri of adult worms were divided into 4 equal parts.Development of eggs was determined under light microscope.Only embryonated eggs were used to evaluate the effects of physicochemical factors: temperature, salinity, acidity, ultraviolet A, B, C.Infection success was evaluated by feeding treated eggs to intermediate host snails and determining by using a PCR approach.Results: Eggs obtained from the uterus closest to the ovary(regions 1 and 2) failed to develop in vitro.Eggs from region 4 of the uterus(close to the genital pore) were used to study effects of physicochemical factors.The highest survival and infection success was in groups of eggs kept at 30 ℃(95.20%).The calculated period of loss infection success(LI_(50) and LI_(95)) on miracidia in distal uterine eggs by exposure to UV-A, UV-B and UV-C were 73 and 1 523 d; 8 and 20 d; 1 and 2 d, respectively.Lethal concentrations(LC_(50) and LC_(95)) of salinity, HCl and NaOH on miracidia in distal uterine eggs were 45.43 and 120.09 ppt, 0.01 and 0.25 M; 0.01 and 0.11 M, respectively, after 24 h exposure.Conclusions: Opisthorchis viverrini eggs display a high tolerance to environmental conditions, especially after snail host eating for infection.
Objective: To investigate the maturity development of miracidia in uterine eggs from four portions of the Opisthorchis viverrini uterus and environmental factors possibly affected in maturation and infectivity of distal part uterine eggs.Methods: Uteri of adult worms were divided into 4 equal parts.Development of eggs was determined under light microscope.Only embryonated eggs were used to evaluate the effects of physicochemical factors: temperature, salinity, acidity, ultraviolet A, B, C.Infection success was evaluated by feeding treated eggs to intermediate host snails and determining by using a PCR approach.Results: Eggs obtained from the uterus closest to the ovary(regions 1 and 2) failed to develop in vitro.Eggs from region 4 of the uterus(close to the genital pore) were used to study effects of physicochemical factors.The highest survival and infection success was in groups of eggs kept at 30 ℃(95.20%).The calculated period of loss infection success(LI_(50) and LI_(95)) on miracidia in distal uterine eggs by exposure to UV-A, UV-B and UV-C were 73 and 1 523 d; 8 and 20 d; 1 and 2 d, respectively.Lethal concentrations(LC_(50) and LC_(95)) of salinity, HCl and NaOH on miracidia in distal uterine eggs were 45.43 and 120.09 ppt, 0.01 and 0.25 M; 0.01 and 0.11 M, respectively, after 24 h exposure.Conclusions: Opisthorchis viverrini eggs display a high tolerance to environmental conditions, especially after snail host eating for infection.
引文
[1]IARC.Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis.IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum 2011;100b:347-376.
[2]Sripa J,Kiatsopit N,Piratae S.Prevalence of trematode larvae in intermediate hosts:Snails and fish in Ko Ae Sub-District of Khueang Nai,Ubon Ratchathani Province,Thailand.Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2016;47(3):399-409.
[3]Donthaisong C,Arunsan P,Suwannatrai K,Prasopdee S,Kulsantiwong J,Wongmaneeprateep S,et al.Experimental infection of Opisthorchis viverrini cercariae to the cyprinid fish,Barbonymus gonionotus.Acta Trop2015;141:253-257.
[4]Khampoosa P,Jones MK,Lovas EM,Srisawangwong T,Laha T,Piratae S,et al.Light and electron microscopy observations of embryogenesis and egg development in the human liver fluke,Opisthorchis viverrini(Platyhelminthes,Digenea).Parasitol Res 2012;110(2):799-808.
[5]Kulsantiwong J,Prasopdee S,Piratae S,Khampoosa P,Thammasiri C,Suwannatrai A,et al.Trematode infection of freshwater snail,family Bithyniidae in Thailand.Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2015;46(3):396-405.
[6]Kiatsopit N,Sithithaworn P,Kopolrat K,Namsanor J,Andrews RH,Petney TN.Trematode diversity in the freshwater snail Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos sensu lato from Thailand and Lao PDR.J Helminthol 2016;90(3):312-320.
[7]Chanawong A,Waikagul J.Laboratory studies on host-parasite relationship of Bithynia snails and the liver fluke,Opisthorchis viverrini.Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1991;22(2):235-239.
[8]Uddin MH,Bae YM,Choi MH,Hong ST.Production and deformation of Clonorchis sinensis eggs during in vitro maintenance.PLo S One 2012;7(12):e52676.
[9]Vanoverschelde R.Studies on the life-cycle of Himasthla militaris(Trematoda:Echinostomatidae):Influence of salinity and temperature on egg development and miracidial emergence.Parasitology 1981;82(03):459-465.
[10]Chryssafidis AL,Fu Y,De Waal T,Mulcahy G.Standardisation of eggviability assays for Fasciola hepatica and Calicophoron daubneyi:A tool for evaluating new technologies of parasite control.Vet Parasitol 2015;210(1-2):25-31.
[11]Ford DM,Nollen PM,Romano MA.The effects of salinity,pH and temperature on the half-life and longevity of Echinostoma caproni miracidia.J Helminthol 1998;72(4):325-330.
[12]Roh YH.The influence of ultraviolet irradiation upon the development and infectivity of hookworm larvae.Kisaengchunghak Chapchi 1968;6(1):23-34.
[13]Prasopdee S,Kulsantiwong J,Piratae S,Khampoosa P,Thammasiri C,Suwannatrai A,et al.Temperature dependence of Opisthorchis viverrini infection in first intermediate host snail,Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos.Acta Trop 2015;141(A):112-117.
[14]Wongratanacheewin S,Pumidonming W,Sermswan RW,Maleewong W.Development of a PCR-based method for the detection of Opisthorchis viverrini in experimentally infected hamsters.Parasitology 2001;122(Pt2):175-180.
[15]Suwannatrai A,Suwannatrai K,Haruay S,Piratae S,Thammasiri C,Khampoosa P,et al.Effect of soil surface salt on the density and distribution of the snail Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos in northeast Thailand.Geospat Health 2011;5(2):183-190.
[16]Munakata N,Kazadzis S,Bolsee D,Schuch N,Koskela T,Karpetchko A,et al.Variations and trends of biologically effective doses of solar ultraviolet radiation in Asia,Europe and South America from 1999 to2007.Photochem Photobiol Sci 2009;8(8):1117-1124.
[2]Sripa J,Kiatsopit N,Piratae S.Prevalence of trematode larvae in intermediate hosts:Snails and fish in Ko Ae Sub-District of Khueang Nai,Ubon Ratchathani Province,Thailand.Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2016;47(3):399-409.
[3]Donthaisong C,Arunsan P,Suwannatrai K,Prasopdee S,Kulsantiwong J,Wongmaneeprateep S,et al.Experimental infection of Opisthorchis viverrini cercariae to the cyprinid fish,Barbonymus gonionotus.Acta Trop2015;141:253-257.
[4]Khampoosa P,Jones MK,Lovas EM,Srisawangwong T,Laha T,Piratae S,et al.Light and electron microscopy observations of embryogenesis and egg development in the human liver fluke,Opisthorchis viverrini(Platyhelminthes,Digenea).Parasitol Res 2012;110(2):799-808.
[5]Kulsantiwong J,Prasopdee S,Piratae S,Khampoosa P,Thammasiri C,Suwannatrai A,et al.Trematode infection of freshwater snail,family Bithyniidae in Thailand.Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2015;46(3):396-405.
[6]Kiatsopit N,Sithithaworn P,Kopolrat K,Namsanor J,Andrews RH,Petney TN.Trematode diversity in the freshwater snail Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos sensu lato from Thailand and Lao PDR.J Helminthol 2016;90(3):312-320.
[7]Chanawong A,Waikagul J.Laboratory studies on host-parasite relationship of Bithynia snails and the liver fluke,Opisthorchis viverrini.Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1991;22(2):235-239.
[8]Uddin MH,Bae YM,Choi MH,Hong ST.Production and deformation of Clonorchis sinensis eggs during in vitro maintenance.PLo S One 2012;7(12):e52676.
[9]Vanoverschelde R.Studies on the life-cycle of Himasthla militaris(Trematoda:Echinostomatidae):Influence of salinity and temperature on egg development and miracidial emergence.Parasitology 1981;82(03):459-465.
[10]Chryssafidis AL,Fu Y,De Waal T,Mulcahy G.Standardisation of eggviability assays for Fasciola hepatica and Calicophoron daubneyi:A tool for evaluating new technologies of parasite control.Vet Parasitol 2015;210(1-2):25-31.
[11]Ford DM,Nollen PM,Romano MA.The effects of salinity,pH and temperature on the half-life and longevity of Echinostoma caproni miracidia.J Helminthol 1998;72(4):325-330.
[12]Roh YH.The influence of ultraviolet irradiation upon the development and infectivity of hookworm larvae.Kisaengchunghak Chapchi 1968;6(1):23-34.
[13]Prasopdee S,Kulsantiwong J,Piratae S,Khampoosa P,Thammasiri C,Suwannatrai A,et al.Temperature dependence of Opisthorchis viverrini infection in first intermediate host snail,Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos.Acta Trop 2015;141(A):112-117.
[14]Wongratanacheewin S,Pumidonming W,Sermswan RW,Maleewong W.Development of a PCR-based method for the detection of Opisthorchis viverrini in experimentally infected hamsters.Parasitology 2001;122(Pt2):175-180.
[15]Suwannatrai A,Suwannatrai K,Haruay S,Piratae S,Thammasiri C,Khampoosa P,et al.Effect of soil surface salt on the density and distribution of the snail Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos in northeast Thailand.Geospat Health 2011;5(2):183-190.
[16]Munakata N,Kazadzis S,Bolsee D,Schuch N,Koskela T,Karpetchko A,et al.Variations and trends of biologically effective doses of solar ultraviolet radiation in Asia,Europe and South America from 1999 to2007.Photochem Photobiol Sci 2009;8(8):1117-1124.