浅表风化混杂土石体特定比对物的力学特性试验研究
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摘要
在土石混合体力学特性研究中,试验样本通常取自实际工程,所含物质成分复杂多样,使得试验结果离散程度较高、可验证性较差,所得结论尤其是其结构性与宏观力学行为间的关联对工程实际的指导意义体现不足。为此,从物质组成的角度设计一种特定土石混合体材料:块石均为未风化的同种岩石,基质土为矿物组成相同的同种土。该材料物质成分均一、稳定,具有可验证性。本文以此为比对物试样,基于室内大型三轴试验,在验证试验结果可重现性的基础上,重点分析块石级配、制样干密度、块石分布三种宏观尺度结构性指标对特定土石混合体应力-应变特性、强度特征参数、初始弹性模量的影响规律;将试验结论与已有研究成果进行了比对;对昭山残坡积堆积体力学特性进行了推定与验证。结果表明:特定土石混合体在同一工况下的试验具有较好的可重现性;粗粒含量较高时,应力-应变曲线存在锯齿状波动,并呈现"台阶状"走势;试验得出两类典型应力-应变曲线;不同块石空间分布下试样出现不同的变形破坏特征;细粒含量与10～40mm粗粒粒组含量对强度指标影响较大;试验得出已有研究共性成果之外的结论,有利于区分试验结果中的现象与规律,能够为类似工程实践提供更可靠的理论指导。
In the study of mechanical properties of soil-rock mixture, the samples are usually taken from practical engineering, and the material composition is complex and diverse, which makes the experimental results more discrete and less verifiable. The obtained conclusions, especially the relationship between its structure and macroscopic mechanical behavior, are insufficient in guiding engineering practice. Therefore, from the point of view of material composition, a special mixture of soil and rock is designed. Its rock block is the same rock with unweathered rock, and the matrix soil is the same soil with the same mineral composition. The material is homogeneous, stable and verifiable. In this paper, taking this specific comparison object as samples, based on lab large-scale triaxial tests and verification of reproducibility of test results, the influence laws of stone gradation, dry density and stone distribution on the stress-strain behavior, strength characteristic parameter and initial elastic modulus were explored. The test conclusions were compared with the existing research results. The mechanical properties of the Zhaoshan residual-slope accumulation were estimated and verified. The results showed:The test of the specific soil-rock mixture under the same conditions had good reproducibility. When the coarse grain content was high, the stress-strain curve had a jagged fluctuation and ladder-like trend. Two typical stress-strain curves were obtained. The specimen had different deformation and damage characteristics under different stone distribution. The content of fine particles and the content of 10～40 mm coarse grained group had a great influence on the strength index. Conclusions different from common results, were conducive to distinguish between the phenomena and laws in the test results, but also provided more reliable theoretical guidance for similar engineering practice.
In the study of mechanical properties of soil-rock mixture, the samples are usually taken from practical engineering, and the material composition is complex and diverse, which makes the experimental results more discrete and less verifiable. The obtained conclusions, especially the relationship between its structure and macroscopic mechanical behavior, are insufficient in guiding engineering practice. Therefore, from the point of view of material composition, a special mixture of soil and rock is designed. Its rock block is the same rock with unweathered rock, and the matrix soil is the same soil with the same mineral composition. The material is homogeneous, stable and verifiable. In this paper, taking this specific comparison object as samples, based on lab large-scale triaxial tests and verification of reproducibility of test results, the influence laws of stone gradation, dry density and stone distribution on the stress-strain behavior, strength characteristic parameter and initial elastic modulus were explored. The test conclusions were compared with the existing research results. The mechanical properties of the Zhaoshan residual-slope accumulation were estimated and verified. The results showed:The test of the specific soil-rock mixture under the same conditions had good reproducibility. When the coarse grain content was high, the stress-strain curve had a jagged fluctuation and ladder-like trend. Two typical stress-strain curves were obtained. The specimen had different deformation and damage characteristics under different stone distribution. The content of fine particles and the content of 10～40 mm coarse grained group had a great influence on the strength index. Conclusions different from common results, were conducive to distinguish between the phenomena and laws in the test results, but also provided more reliable theoretical guidance for similar engineering practice.
引文
[1] Shuling Huang,Xiuli Ding,Yuting Zhang,et al.Triaxial test and mechanical analysis of rock-soil aggregate sampled from natural sliding mass[J].Advances in Materials Science and Engineering,2015,2015:1-14.
[2] 陈志波,朱俊高.宽级配砾质土三轴试验研究[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(6):704-710 (CHEN Zhibo,ZHU Jungao.Triaxial tests on widely graded gravelly soil[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2010,38(6):704-710 (in Chinese))
[3] 刘建锋,徐进,高春玉,等.土石混合料干密度和粒度的强度效应研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007(S1):3304-3310 (LIU Jianfeng,XU Jin,GAO Chunyu,et al.Study on strength effects of dry density and granularity on earth and rock mixtures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007(S1):3304-3310 (in Chinese))
[4] 姜景山,刘汉龙,程展林,等.密度和围压对粗粒土力学性质的影响[J].长江科学院院报,2009,26(8):46-50 (JIANG Jingshan,LIU Hanlong,CHENG Zhanlin,et al.Influences of density and confining pressure on mechanical properties for coarse-grainedsoils[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2009,26(8):46-50 (in Chinese))
[5] 褚福永,朱俊高.砂卵砾石料强度及变形大型三轴试验研究[J].水力发电学报,2014,33(6):209-214 (CHU Fuyong,ZHU Jungao.Large-scale triaxial test study of strength and deformation behaviors of sand-grained materials[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2014,33(6):209-214 (in Chinese))
[6] Haiyang Zhang,Wenjie Xu,Yuzhen Yu.Triaxial tests of soil-rock mixtures with different rock block distributions[J].Soils and Foundations,2016,56(1):44-56.
[7] Eldine B S,Dupla J C,Frank R,et al.Mechanical characterization of matrix coarsegrained soils with a large-sized triaxial device[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2010,47(4):425-438.
[8] 黄斌,曾宪营.含石量对大浏高速土石混合体强度影响研究[J].公路与汽运,2011,148:107-109 (HUANG Bin,ZENG Xianying.Study on influence of stone content on strength of earth-rock mixture of Da-Liu expressway[J].Highways & Automotive Applications,2011,148:107-109 (in Chinese))
[9] Zuliang Zhong,Jian Xu,Xinrong Liu,et al.Large-scale triaxial tests on deformation and mechanical behavior of soil-rock mixture in mountain area[J].Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016(21):10325-10336.
[10] 曹文贵,黄文健,王江营,等.土石混填体变形力学特性大型三轴试验研究[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,43(3):142-148 (CAO Wengui,HUANG Wenjian,WANG Jiangying,et al.Large-scale triaxial test study on deformation and intensity characteristics of soil-rock aggregate mixture[J].Journal of Hunan University (Natural Sciences),2016,43(3):142-148 (in Chinese))
[11] 钟祖良,涂义亮,何晓勇,等.土石混合体物理指标及强度特性研究进展[J].地下空间与工程学报,2016,12(4):1135-1144 (ZHONG Zuliang,TU Yiliang,HE Xiaoyong,et al.Research progress on physical index and strength characteristics of bimsoils[J].Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2016,12(4):1135-1144 (in Chinese))
[12] 欧阳振华,李世海,戴志胜.块石对土石混合体力学性能的影响研究[J].实验力学,2010,25(1):61-67 (OUYANG Zhenhua,LI Shihai,DAI Zhisheng.On the influence factors of mechanical properties for soil-rock mixture[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,2010,25(1):61-67 (in Chinese))
[13] 邵帅,季顺迎.块石空间分布对土石混合体边坡稳定性的影响[J].工程力学,2014,31(2):177-183 (SHAO Shuai,JI Shunying.Effects of rock spatial distributions on stability of rock-soil-mixture slope[J].Engineering Mechanics,2014,31(2):177-183 (in Chinese))
[14] 徐文杰,胡瑞林.土石混合体概念、分类及意义[J].水文地质工程地质,2009(4):50-56,70 (XU Wenjie,HU Ruilin.Conception,classification and significations of soil-rock mixture[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2009(4):50-56,70 (in Chinese))
[15] Duncan J M,Chang C Y.Nonlinear analysis of stress and strain in soils[J].ASCE,JSMFD,1970,96(5):1629-1652.
[16] 石熊,张家生,孟飞,等.改良粗粒土填料大型三轴试验[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2015,46(2):645-652 (SHI Xiong,ZHANG Jiasheng,MENG Fei,et al.Large-scale triaxial test on modified coarse-grained fillers[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2015,46(2):645-652 (in Chinese))
[17] 刘萌成,高玉峰,刘汉龙,等.堆石料变形与强度特性的大型三轴试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(7):1104-1111 (LIU Mengcheng,GAO Yufeng,LIU Hanlong,et al.Large-scale triaxial test study on deformation and strength characteristics of rockfill materials[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(7):1104-1111 (in Chinese))
[18] 田堪良,张慧莉,骆亚生.堆石料的剪切强度与应力-应变特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(4):657-661 (TIAN Kanliang,ZHANG Huili,LUO Yasheng.Shear strength and stress-strain properties of rockfill materials[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(4):657-661 (in Chinese))
[19] 杨松,程勇俊,吴珺华,等.粗粒土粒径变化对强度和压缩特性的影响[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2014,29(4):562-565 (YANG Song,CHENG Yongjun,WU Junhua,et al.Influence of coarse granular soil particle size on the strength and the compression characteristic[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences),2014,29(4):562-565 (in Chinese))
[20] 夏加国,胡瑞林,祁生文,等.含超径颗粒土石混合体的大型三轴剪切试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(8):2031-2039 (XIA Jiaguo,HU Ruilin,QI Shengwen,et al.Research on large-scale triaxial shear testing of soil rock mixtures containing oversized particles[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(8):2031-2039 (in Chinese))
[21] 徐志华,孙大伟,张国栋.堆石料应力应变特性大型三轴试验研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(6):1-8 (XU Zhihua,SUN Dawei,ZHANG Guodong.Stress-strain behavior of rockfill in large-scale triaxial tests[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(6):1-8 (in Chinese))
[22] 姜景山,程展林,左永振,等.粗粒土剪胀性大型三轴试验研究[J].岩土力学,2014,35(11):3129-3138 (JIANG Jingshan,CHENG Zhanlin,ZUO Yongzhen,et al.Dilatancy of coarse-grained soil in large-scale triaxial tests study[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(11):3129-3138 (in Chinese))
[23] 郑瑞华,张建民,张嘎,等.积石峡面板堆石坝材料大型三轴试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(S1):184-188 (ZHENG Ruihua,ZHANG Jianmin,ZHANG Ga,et al.Large-scale triaxial tests on rockfills of Jishixia CFRD[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(S1):184-188 (in Chinese))
[24] Yang Xiao,Asce S M,Hanlong Liu,et al.Strength and deformation of rockfill material based on large-scale triaxial compression tests.I:influences of density and pressure[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2014,140(12):1-16.
[25] 冷伍明,梅慧浩,聂如松,等.重载铁路基床粗粒土填料的静力特性研究[J].铁道工程学报,2016(11):23-28,50 (LENG Wuming,MEI Huihao,NIE Rusong,et al.Static characteristic research on coarse grained soil filling in heavy haul railway subgrade bed[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2016(11) :23-28,50 (in Chinese))
[26] Charles J A,Watts K S.The influence of confining pressure on the shear strength of compacted rockfill[J].Gkotechnique,1980,30(4):353-367.
[2] 陈志波,朱俊高.宽级配砾质土三轴试验研究[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(6):704-710 (CHEN Zhibo,ZHU Jungao.Triaxial tests on widely graded gravelly soil[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2010,38(6):704-710 (in Chinese))
[3] 刘建锋,徐进,高春玉,等.土石混合料干密度和粒度的强度效应研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007(S1):3304-3310 (LIU Jianfeng,XU Jin,GAO Chunyu,et al.Study on strength effects of dry density and granularity on earth and rock mixtures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007(S1):3304-3310 (in Chinese))
[4] 姜景山,刘汉龙,程展林,等.密度和围压对粗粒土力学性质的影响[J].长江科学院院报,2009,26(8):46-50 (JIANG Jingshan,LIU Hanlong,CHENG Zhanlin,et al.Influences of density and confining pressure on mechanical properties for coarse-grainedsoils[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2009,26(8):46-50 (in Chinese))
[5] 褚福永,朱俊高.砂卵砾石料强度及变形大型三轴试验研究[J].水力发电学报,2014,33(6):209-214 (CHU Fuyong,ZHU Jungao.Large-scale triaxial test study of strength and deformation behaviors of sand-grained materials[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2014,33(6):209-214 (in Chinese))
[6] Haiyang Zhang,Wenjie Xu,Yuzhen Yu.Triaxial tests of soil-rock mixtures with different rock block distributions[J].Soils and Foundations,2016,56(1):44-56.
[7] Eldine B S,Dupla J C,Frank R,et al.Mechanical characterization of matrix coarsegrained soils with a large-sized triaxial device[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2010,47(4):425-438.
[8] 黄斌,曾宪营.含石量对大浏高速土石混合体强度影响研究[J].公路与汽运,2011,148:107-109 (HUANG Bin,ZENG Xianying.Study on influence of stone content on strength of earth-rock mixture of Da-Liu expressway[J].Highways & Automotive Applications,2011,148:107-109 (in Chinese))
[9] Zuliang Zhong,Jian Xu,Xinrong Liu,et al.Large-scale triaxial tests on deformation and mechanical behavior of soil-rock mixture in mountain area[J].Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016(21):10325-10336.
[10] 曹文贵,黄文健,王江营,等.土石混填体变形力学特性大型三轴试验研究[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,43(3):142-148 (CAO Wengui,HUANG Wenjian,WANG Jiangying,et al.Large-scale triaxial test study on deformation and intensity characteristics of soil-rock aggregate mixture[J].Journal of Hunan University (Natural Sciences),2016,43(3):142-148 (in Chinese))
[11] 钟祖良,涂义亮,何晓勇,等.土石混合体物理指标及强度特性研究进展[J].地下空间与工程学报,2016,12(4):1135-1144 (ZHONG Zuliang,TU Yiliang,HE Xiaoyong,et al.Research progress on physical index and strength characteristics of bimsoils[J].Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2016,12(4):1135-1144 (in Chinese))
[12] 欧阳振华,李世海,戴志胜.块石对土石混合体力学性能的影响研究[J].实验力学,2010,25(1):61-67 (OUYANG Zhenhua,LI Shihai,DAI Zhisheng.On the influence factors of mechanical properties for soil-rock mixture[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,2010,25(1):61-67 (in Chinese))
[13] 邵帅,季顺迎.块石空间分布对土石混合体边坡稳定性的影响[J].工程力学,2014,31(2):177-183 (SHAO Shuai,JI Shunying.Effects of rock spatial distributions on stability of rock-soil-mixture slope[J].Engineering Mechanics,2014,31(2):177-183 (in Chinese))
[14] 徐文杰,胡瑞林.土石混合体概念、分类及意义[J].水文地质工程地质,2009(4):50-56,70 (XU Wenjie,HU Ruilin.Conception,classification and significations of soil-rock mixture[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2009(4):50-56,70 (in Chinese))
[15] Duncan J M,Chang C Y.Nonlinear analysis of stress and strain in soils[J].ASCE,JSMFD,1970,96(5):1629-1652.
[16] 石熊,张家生,孟飞,等.改良粗粒土填料大型三轴试验[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2015,46(2):645-652 (SHI Xiong,ZHANG Jiasheng,MENG Fei,et al.Large-scale triaxial test on modified coarse-grained fillers[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2015,46(2):645-652 (in Chinese))
[17] 刘萌成,高玉峰,刘汉龙,等.堆石料变形与强度特性的大型三轴试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(7):1104-1111 (LIU Mengcheng,GAO Yufeng,LIU Hanlong,et al.Large-scale triaxial test study on deformation and strength characteristics of rockfill materials[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(7):1104-1111 (in Chinese))
[18] 田堪良,张慧莉,骆亚生.堆石料的剪切强度与应力-应变特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(4):657-661 (TIAN Kanliang,ZHANG Huili,LUO Yasheng.Shear strength and stress-strain properties of rockfill materials[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(4):657-661 (in Chinese))
[19] 杨松,程勇俊,吴珺华,等.粗粒土粒径变化对强度和压缩特性的影响[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2014,29(4):562-565 (YANG Song,CHENG Yongjun,WU Junhua,et al.Influence of coarse granular soil particle size on the strength and the compression characteristic[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences),2014,29(4):562-565 (in Chinese))
[20] 夏加国,胡瑞林,祁生文,等.含超径颗粒土石混合体的大型三轴剪切试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(8):2031-2039 (XIA Jiaguo,HU Ruilin,QI Shengwen,et al.Research on large-scale triaxial shear testing of soil rock mixtures containing oversized particles[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(8):2031-2039 (in Chinese))
[21] 徐志华,孙大伟,张国栋.堆石料应力应变特性大型三轴试验研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(6):1-8 (XU Zhihua,SUN Dawei,ZHANG Guodong.Stress-strain behavior of rockfill in large-scale triaxial tests[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(6):1-8 (in Chinese))
[22] 姜景山,程展林,左永振,等.粗粒土剪胀性大型三轴试验研究[J].岩土力学,2014,35(11):3129-3138 (JIANG Jingshan,CHENG Zhanlin,ZUO Yongzhen,et al.Dilatancy of coarse-grained soil in large-scale triaxial tests study[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(11):3129-3138 (in Chinese))
[23] 郑瑞华,张建民,张嘎,等.积石峡面板堆石坝材料大型三轴试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(S1):184-188 (ZHENG Ruihua,ZHANG Jianmin,ZHANG Ga,et al.Large-scale triaxial tests on rockfills of Jishixia CFRD[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(S1):184-188 (in Chinese))
[24] Yang Xiao,Asce S M,Hanlong Liu,et al.Strength and deformation of rockfill material based on large-scale triaxial compression tests.I:influences of density and pressure[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2014,140(12):1-16.
[25] 冷伍明,梅慧浩,聂如松,等.重载铁路基床粗粒土填料的静力特性研究[J].铁道工程学报,2016(11):23-28,50 (LENG Wuming,MEI Huihao,NIE Rusong,et al.Static characteristic research on coarse grained soil filling in heavy haul railway subgrade bed[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2016(11) :23-28,50 (in Chinese))
[26] Charles J A,Watts K S.The influence of confining pressure on the shear strength of compacted rockfill[J].Gkotechnique,1980,30(4):353-367.