多阶平衡式Cockcroft-Walton电路的等效模型与输出特性
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摘要
基于电路的输出效果,采用电荷转移原理阐述平衡式Cockcroft-Walton(C-W)倍压电路较为复杂的物理过程,将电路中二极管的非线性导通特性等效为周期性线性导通的数学解析模型,推导了表征其输出特性的纹波电压和带载输出电压的理论输出表达式。采用仿真软件对比了基本式和平衡式C-W电路的输出特性曲线,结果表明平衡式拓扑结构的纹波大小约为基本式拓扑结构的8%。同时建立的多阶平衡式C-W电路纹波电压理论模型计算值略低于电路软件仿真值,带载输出电压的理论模型计算值与仿真值的相对误差低于10%。
Based on the output effect of the circuit,the study used the charge transfer principle to describe the relative complex physical processes of balanced Cockcroft-Walton(C-W)circuit.Given the periodically turning model to mathematical analysis is equivalent to nonlinear conduction properties of the diode,theoretical model output formulas of ripple voltage and load-dropping output voltage that describe the output characteristics of C-W circuit are derivated.With circuit simulation software,the ripple voltage and the output voltage waveforms of the basic and balanced C-W circuit are simulated,and it illustrates that the ripple voltage of the balanced topology is far less than the basic,approximately the value percentage of 8%.The outputs of the theoretical model established in this paper are verified,and the results show that the calculated ripple voltage from the theoretical model is slightly lower than the simulation values,and the relative error between the calculated output voltage and simulation values is less than 10%.
Based on the output effect of the circuit,the study used the charge transfer principle to describe the relative complex physical processes of balanced Cockcroft-Walton(C-W)circuit.Given the periodically turning model to mathematical analysis is equivalent to nonlinear conduction properties of the diode,theoretical model output formulas of ripple voltage and load-dropping output voltage that describe the output characteristics of C-W circuit are derivated.With circuit simulation software,the ripple voltage and the output voltage waveforms of the basic and balanced C-W circuit are simulated,and it illustrates that the ripple voltage of the balanced topology is far less than the basic,approximately the value percentage of 8%.The outputs of the theoretical model established in this paper are verified,and the results show that the calculated ripple voltage from the theoretical model is slightly lower than the simulation values,and the relative error between the calculated output voltage and simulation values is less than 10%.
引文
[1]Cockcroft J D,Walton E T S.Experiments with high velocity positive ions[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society of London:Series A,1930,129(811):477-489.
[2]Cockcroft J D,Walton E T S.Experiments with high velocity positive ions-further developments in the method of obtaining high velocity positive ions[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society of London:Series A,1932,136:619-626.
[3]姚骏恩.电子显微镜的现状与展望[J].电子显微学报,1998,17(6):767-776.(Yao Jun,en.State and prospects of electron microscopes.Journal of Chinese Electron Microscopy Society,1998,17(6):767-776)
[4]邹易清,康玲,屈化民,等.中国散裂中子源快循环同步加速器主准直器的设计与研究[J].强激光与粒子束,2013,25(3):741-745.(Zou Yiqing,Kang Ling,Qu Huamin,et al.Design and research of primary collimator for CSNS/RCS.High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2013,25(3):741-745)
[5]Walton E T S.The artificial production of fast particles[R].Nobel Lecture,1951.
[6]Zhang Haibo,Akio Takaoka.Efficient compensation method for reducing ripple of Cockcroft Walton generator in an ultra-high voltage electron microscope[J].Rev Sci Instrum,1994,65(10):3194-3195.
[7]董全林,于成交,杨彦杰,等.TDX-200F透射电镜高压测试系统的设计与应用[J].电子显微学报,2011,30(6):567-570.(Dong Quanlin,Yu Chengjiao,Yang Yanjie,et al.The design of TEM high-voltage power test system.Journal of Chinese Electron Microscopy Society,2011,30(6):567-570)
[8]Tanaka J,Yuzurihara I.The high frequence drive of a new multi-stage rectifier circuit[C]//IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference,1988:1031-1037.
[9]Maria D Bellar.Analysis of the dynamic and steady-state performance of Cockcroft-Walton cascade rectifiers[J].IEEE Trans on Power Electronics,1992,7(3):526-534.
[10]Antonio Lamantia.Small-signal model of the Cockcroft-Walton voltage multiplier[J].IEEE Trans on Power Electronics,1994,9(1):18-25.
[11]Du Bian.Research on the stability of 1000kV ultra high voltage power supply used for electron microscopy[J].Nikkei Electronics,1972,11(20):85-108.
[12]张海波,魏巍,周英,等.多段倍压整流器稳态特性的快速精确计算法[J].高电压技术,2000,26(3):1-3.(Zhang Haibo,Wei Wei,Zhou Ying,el al.Rapid and accurate numerical approach for steady-state analysis of multi-stage voltage multipiler.High Voltage Engineering,2000,26(3):1-3)
[13]柳继虎,刘昶丁,刘永生.多级倍压整流电路的设计原理及其有关参数的计算方法[J].半导体技术,1992,8(4):46-48.(Liu Jihu,Liu Changding,Liu Yongsheng.Design principles and calculation of voltage multiplier circuits.Semiconductor Technology,1992,8(4):46-48)
[14]Brugler J S.Theoretical performance of voltage multiplier circuit[J].IEEE Journal of Solid-Stage Circuit,1994,6(3):132-135.
[15]Maria D Bellar.Analysis of the dynamic and steady-state performance of Cockcroft-Walton cascade rectifiers[J].IEEE Trans on Power Electronics,1992,7(3):526-534.
[2]Cockcroft J D,Walton E T S.Experiments with high velocity positive ions-further developments in the method of obtaining high velocity positive ions[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society of London:Series A,1932,136:619-626.
[3]姚骏恩.电子显微镜的现状与展望[J].电子显微学报,1998,17(6):767-776.(Yao Jun,en.State and prospects of electron microscopes.Journal of Chinese Electron Microscopy Society,1998,17(6):767-776)
[4]邹易清,康玲,屈化民,等.中国散裂中子源快循环同步加速器主准直器的设计与研究[J].强激光与粒子束,2013,25(3):741-745.(Zou Yiqing,Kang Ling,Qu Huamin,et al.Design and research of primary collimator for CSNS/RCS.High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2013,25(3):741-745)
[5]Walton E T S.The artificial production of fast particles[R].Nobel Lecture,1951.
[6]Zhang Haibo,Akio Takaoka.Efficient compensation method for reducing ripple of Cockcroft Walton generator in an ultra-high voltage electron microscope[J].Rev Sci Instrum,1994,65(10):3194-3195.
[7]董全林,于成交,杨彦杰,等.TDX-200F透射电镜高压测试系统的设计与应用[J].电子显微学报,2011,30(6):567-570.(Dong Quanlin,Yu Chengjiao,Yang Yanjie,et al.The design of TEM high-voltage power test system.Journal of Chinese Electron Microscopy Society,2011,30(6):567-570)
[8]Tanaka J,Yuzurihara I.The high frequence drive of a new multi-stage rectifier circuit[C]//IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference,1988:1031-1037.
[9]Maria D Bellar.Analysis of the dynamic and steady-state performance of Cockcroft-Walton cascade rectifiers[J].IEEE Trans on Power Electronics,1992,7(3):526-534.
[10]Antonio Lamantia.Small-signal model of the Cockcroft-Walton voltage multiplier[J].IEEE Trans on Power Electronics,1994,9(1):18-25.
[11]Du Bian.Research on the stability of 1000kV ultra high voltage power supply used for electron microscopy[J].Nikkei Electronics,1972,11(20):85-108.
[12]张海波,魏巍,周英,等.多段倍压整流器稳态特性的快速精确计算法[J].高电压技术,2000,26(3):1-3.(Zhang Haibo,Wei Wei,Zhou Ying,el al.Rapid and accurate numerical approach for steady-state analysis of multi-stage voltage multipiler.High Voltage Engineering,2000,26(3):1-3)
[13]柳继虎,刘昶丁,刘永生.多级倍压整流电路的设计原理及其有关参数的计算方法[J].半导体技术,1992,8(4):46-48.(Liu Jihu,Liu Changding,Liu Yongsheng.Design principles and calculation of voltage multiplier circuits.Semiconductor Technology,1992,8(4):46-48)
[14]Brugler J S.Theoretical performance of voltage multiplier circuit[J].IEEE Journal of Solid-Stage Circuit,1994,6(3):132-135.
[15]Maria D Bellar.Analysis of the dynamic and steady-state performance of Cockcroft-Walton cascade rectifiers[J].IEEE Trans on Power Electronics,1992,7(3):526-534.