基于WaTEM/SEDEM模型的双枫潭流域侵蚀产沙模拟
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摘要
采用WaTEM/SEDEM模型,以湖南省3个流域为研究对象,利用莲花堰和石门坎水文站水沙数据对模型进行校正和验证,并将验证后的模型模拟双枫潭流域的侵蚀产沙,模拟结果表明:双枫潭流域年均产沙模数为631t/km2;受地形和土地利用的影响,流域侵蚀模数在0~10°坡度范围内总体呈现沉积,而在大于10°的坡面上侵蚀强度随坡度增加而增加.流域内旱地土壤侵蚀强度为3 345t/(km2·a);草地侵蚀速率为430t/(km2·a);林地和灌木林用地总体上表现为沉积,其沉积速率分别为110和83t/(km2·a).将以上模拟结果与其他相关研究比较,证实WaTEM/SEDEM模型在模拟流域侵蚀产沙方面有很好的应用前景,利用该模型可为流域水土保持措施实施提供科学依据.
WaTEM/SEDEM(Water and Tillage Erosion Model and Sediment Delivery Model)model was used to simulate sediment yield and spatial pattern of soil erosion for the Shuangfengtan basin after its calibration and validation using the sediment yield data from Lianhuayan and Shimenkan basins.Simulated results showed that the mean annual sediment yield is 24.9tin the Shuangfengtan basin,with a specific sediment yield of 631t/(km2·a).Influenced by topography and land uses,deposition occurs in the slope range of 0~10degree and erosion increases with increasing slope gradients.The erosion rates vary with land use types.For example,the dryland has an erosion rate of 3 345t/(km2·a)and the grassland an erosion rate of430t/(km2·a).The deposition rates are 110and 83t/(km2·a)for the forest and shrub lands,respectively.The comparisons of this study to other published results demonstrate that WaTEM/SEDEM gives a satisfactory erosion modeling for the study region.This study would provide a basis of the implementation of erosion control measurements in this region.
WaTEM/SEDEM(Water and Tillage Erosion Model and Sediment Delivery Model)model was used to simulate sediment yield and spatial pattern of soil erosion for the Shuangfengtan basin after its calibration and validation using the sediment yield data from Lianhuayan and Shimenkan basins.Simulated results showed that the mean annual sediment yield is 24.9tin the Shuangfengtan basin,with a specific sediment yield of 631t/(km2·a).Influenced by topography and land uses,deposition occurs in the slope range of 0~10degree and erosion increases with increasing slope gradients.The erosion rates vary with land use types.For example,the dryland has an erosion rate of 3 345t/(km2·a)and the grassland an erosion rate of430t/(km2·a).The deposition rates are 110and 83t/(km2·a)for the forest and shrub lands,respectively.The comparisons of this study to other published results demonstrate that WaTEM/SEDEM gives a satisfactory erosion modeling for the study region.This study would provide a basis of the implementation of erosion control measurements in this region.
引文
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[18]朱立安,李定强,魏秀国,等.广东省土壤可蚀性现状及影响因素分析[J].亚热带水土保持,2007,19(4):4-7,16.
[19]宋春凤,陶和平,刘斌涛,等.长江上游地区土壤可蚀性空间分异特征[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(9):1123-1130.
[20]吕喜玺,沈荣明.土壤可蚀性因子K值的初步[J].水土保持学报,1992,6(1):63-70.
[21]叶则纲,吕坤.湖南省泥沙特性分析[J].水资源研究,2006,27(3):35-37,45.
[22]李景保.澧水流域物质侵蚀强度及其迁移特征[J].水土保持学报,1990,4(2):62-69.
[23]汪翔.资水流域泥沙特性分析[J].湖南水利水电,2000(6):23-25.
[24]陈集中.应用人工神经网络BP模型预测乌江流域年产沙平均含沙量[J].水文,2005,25(4):6-9.
[25]方海燕,蔡强国,李秋艳.产沙模数与流域面积关系研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2008,27(6):63-69.
[26]周璟,张旭东,何丹.湘西北小流域坡面尺度地表径流与侵蚀产沙特征及其影响因素[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(3):18-22.
[27]Zhao Tongqian,Yang Bosu,Zheng Hua.Assessment of the erosion control function of forest ecosystems based on GIS:a case study in Zhangjiajie National Forest Park,China[J].International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology,2013,16(5):356-361.
[2]李安超.基于GIS的湖南澧水流域中上游地区土壤侵蚀研究[D].北京:北京林业大学水土保持学院,2012.
[3]Van Oost K,Govers G,Desmet P J J.Evaluating the effects of changes in landscape structure on soil erosion by water and tillage[J].Landscape Ecology,2000,15(6),579-591.
[4]Romero-DazíA,Alonso-SarriáF,Mart nez-Lloris M.Erosion rates obtained from check-dam sedimentation(SE Spain):A multi-method comparison[J].Catena,2007,71:172-178.
[5]Haregeweyn H,Poesen J,Verstraeten G,et al.Assessing the performance of a spatially distributed soil erosion and sediment delivery model(WaTEM/SEDEM)in northern Ethiopia[J].Land Degradation and Develop-ment 2013,24(2):188-204.
[6]Feng Xiaoming,Wang Yafeng,Chen Liding,et al.Modeling soil erosion and its response to land-use change in hilly catchments of the Chinese Loess Plateau[J].Geomorphology,2010,118:239-248.
[7]Shi Z H,Ai L,Fang N F,et al.Modeling the impacts of integrated small watershed management on soil erosion and sediment delivery:A case study in the Three Gorges Area,China[J].Journal of Hydrology,2012,438/439:156-167.
[8]寻瑞,王克林,于闽,等.基于侵蚀降雨特征的湘江流域R因子修正算法[J].中国水土保持科学,2012,10(1):32-37.
[9]谢红霞,邝美娟,隋兵,等.湖南省近50年侵蚀性降雨及降雨侵蚀力特征研究[J].南阳理工学院学报,2012,4(4):108-113.
[10]张晓云,叶夏,黄曦.基于GIS和USLE的洙溪河小流域土壤侵蚀量的估算[J].安全与环境工程,2011,18(3):51-54,63.
[11]陆建忠,陈晓玲,李辉,等.基于GIS/RS和USLE鄱阳湖流域土壤侵蚀变化[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(2):337-344.
[12]黄金良,洪华生,张珞平,等.基于GIS和USLE的九龙江流域土壤侵蚀量预测研究[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(5):75-79.
[13]李玉泉.USLE和GIS在湖北省土壤侵蚀预报中的应用和研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学水电与数字化工程学院,2007.
[14]齐述华,蒋梅鑫,于秀波.基于遥感和USLE模型评价1995—2005年江西土壤侵蚀[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(7):1197-1203.
[15]章文波,谢云,刘宝元.利用日降雨量计算降雨侵蚀力的方法研究[J].地理科学,2002,22(6):705-711.
[16]梁音,史学正.长江以南东部丘陵山区土壤可蚀性K值研究[J].水土保持研究,1999,6(2):47-52.
[17]吴昌广,曾毅,周志翔,等.三峡库区土壤可蚀性K值研究[J].中国水土保持科学,2010,8(3):8-12.
[18]朱立安,李定强,魏秀国,等.广东省土壤可蚀性现状及影响因素分析[J].亚热带水土保持,2007,19(4):4-7,16.
[19]宋春凤,陶和平,刘斌涛,等.长江上游地区土壤可蚀性空间分异特征[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(9):1123-1130.
[20]吕喜玺,沈荣明.土壤可蚀性因子K值的初步[J].水土保持学报,1992,6(1):63-70.
[21]叶则纲,吕坤.湖南省泥沙特性分析[J].水资源研究,2006,27(3):35-37,45.
[22]李景保.澧水流域物质侵蚀强度及其迁移特征[J].水土保持学报,1990,4(2):62-69.
[23]汪翔.资水流域泥沙特性分析[J].湖南水利水电,2000(6):23-25.
[24]陈集中.应用人工神经网络BP模型预测乌江流域年产沙平均含沙量[J].水文,2005,25(4):6-9.
[25]方海燕,蔡强国,李秋艳.产沙模数与流域面积关系研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2008,27(6):63-69.
[26]周璟,张旭东,何丹.湘西北小流域坡面尺度地表径流与侵蚀产沙特征及其影响因素[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(3):18-22.
[27]Zhao Tongqian,Yang Bosu,Zheng Hua.Assessment of the erosion control function of forest ecosystems based on GIS:a case study in Zhangjiajie National Forest Park,China[J].International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology,2013,16(5):356-361.