WC含量对激光熔覆Al_2O_3/TiO_2涂层组织与性能的影响
|
摘要
采用激光熔覆技术在钛合金(Ti-6Al-4V)表面制备了Al_2O_3/TiO_2涂层,研究了添加不同含量WC对熔覆层裂纹和组织性能的影响。利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDAX)、X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)和显微硬度计研究了激光熔覆涂层的显微结构,分析了涂层的裂纹率、成分分布、相组成和显微硬度分布情况。结果表明:当WC含量为0%~20%(质量分数)时,随着WC的增加,涂层表面裂纹明显减少;添加20%WC时,熔覆层表面无裂纹,涂层与基体结合良好;添加30%WC时,熔覆层表面裂纹明显增多,涂层与基体结合区产生较大裂纹,并伴有一些细小的气孔。熔覆层内有许多未熔的Al_2O_3颗粒,同时,随着WC含量的增加,涂层的晶粒越来越细化,组织分布更加均匀,涂层的显微硬度明显增大。
Al_2O_3/TiO_2 coating was fabricated on Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy substrate by laser cladding.Effects of different contents of WC on the crack and microstructure of the clad layer were studied.The microstructure,ratio of cracks,chemical distribution,phase composition and microhardness distribution of the composite coating were investigated by optical microscope(OM),scanning electron microscope(SEM),X-ray energy spectrometer(EDAX),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and Vickers microhardness tester,respectively.The results show that cracks on the surface of the coating decrease obviously with the increase of WC content from 0%to 20%(mass fraction).When the content of WC is 20%,the cracks on the surface of the clad layer eliminate gradually,and the Al_2O_3/TiO_2 coating is well combined with the substrate.The surface cracks in the clad layer increase obviously with the addition of 30%WC,and relative large crack occurs in the interface layer between the clad layer and the substrate with small pores.The unmelted particles of Al_2O_3 are distributed in the clad layer.Meanwhile,with the increase of WC content,the grains of the Al_2O_3/TiO_2 coating are becoming more and more refined,the distribution of the microstructure is more uniform,and the microhardness of the coating increases obviously.
Al_2O_3/TiO_2 coating was fabricated on Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy substrate by laser cladding.Effects of different contents of WC on the crack and microstructure of the clad layer were studied.The microstructure,ratio of cracks,chemical distribution,phase composition and microhardness distribution of the composite coating were investigated by optical microscope(OM),scanning electron microscope(SEM),X-ray energy spectrometer(EDAX),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and Vickers microhardness tester,respectively.The results show that cracks on the surface of the coating decrease obviously with the increase of WC content from 0%to 20%(mass fraction).When the content of WC is 20%,the cracks on the surface of the clad layer eliminate gradually,and the Al_2O_3/TiO_2 coating is well combined with the substrate.The surface cracks in the clad layer increase obviously with the addition of 30%WC,and relative large crack occurs in the interface layer between the clad layer and the substrate with small pores.The unmelted particles of Al_2O_3 are distributed in the clad layer.Meanwhile,with the increase of WC content,the grains of the Al_2O_3/TiO_2 coating are becoming more and more refined,the distribution of the microstructure is more uniform,and the microhardness of the coating increases obviously.
引文
[1]宋建丽,李永堂,邓琦林,等.激光熔覆成形技术的研究进展[J].机械工程学报,2010,46(14):29-39.Song Jianli,Li Yongtang,Deng Qilin,et al. Research progress of laser cladding forming technology[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2010,46(14):29-39.
[2]田威,许波,廖文和.激光熔覆绿色再制造快递工艺规划技术研究[J].激光与光电子学进展,2011,48(11):117-121.Tian Wei,Xu Bo,Liao Wenhe. Fast process planning technology of laser cladding for green remanufacturing[J]. Laser and Optoelectronics Progress,2011,48(11):117-121.
[3]王华明,张述泉,王向明.大型钛合金结构件激光直接制造的进展与挑战[J].中国激光,2009,36(12):3204-3209.Wang Huaming, Zhang Shuquan, Wang Xiangming. Progress and challenges of laser direct manufacturing of large titanium structural components[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2009, 36(12):3204-3209.
[4]Mehrizi M Z,Shamanian M,Saidi A,et al. Evaluation of oxidation behavior of laser clad CoWSi-WSi2coating on pure Ni substrate at different temperatures[J]. Ceramics International,2015,41(8):9715-9721.
[5]Nie X F,He W F,Zang S L,et al. Effect study and application to improve high cycle fatigue resistance of TC11 titanium alloy by laser shock peening with multiple impacts[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology,2014,253(9):68-75.
[6] Farahmand P,Liu S,Zhang Z,et al. Laser cladding assisted by induction heating of Ni-WC composite enhanced by nano-WC and La2O3[J]. Ceramics International,2014,40(10):15421-15438.
[7]Liu Y F,Zhou Y L,Zhang Q,et al. Microstructure and dry sliding wear behavior of plasma transferred arc clad Ti5Si3reinforced intermetallic composite coatings[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2014,591:251-258.
[8]Jia W J,Hong Q,Zhao H Z,et al. Effect of laser shock peening on the mechanical properties of a near-αtitanium alloy[J]. Materials Science and Engineering,2014,606(6):354-359.
[9]Mehrizi M Z,Shamanian M,Saidi A,et al. Laser cladding of CoWSi/WSi2on Ni substrate and evaluation of its high temperature oxidation behavior[J]. Ceramics International,2014,40(8):13447-13452.
[10]Weng F,Chen C Z,Yu H J. Research status of laser cladding on titanium and its alloys:A review[J]. Materials and Design,2014,58(6):412-425.
[11]黄瑞芬,罗建民,王春琴.激光熔覆技术的应用及其发展[J].兵器材料科学与工程,2005,28(4):57-59.Huang Ruifen, Luo Jianmin, Wang Chunqin. Applications and developments of laser cladding technology[J]. Ordnance Material Science and Engineering,2005,28(4):57-59.
[12]袁庆龙,冯旭东,曹晶晶,等.激光熔覆技术研究进展[J].材料导报,2010,24(3):112-116.Yuan Qinglong,Feng Xudong,Cao Jingjing,et al. Research progress in laser cladding technology[J]. Materials Review,2010,24(3):112-116.
[13]董世运,马运哲,徐滨士,等.激光熔覆材料研究现状[J].材料导报,2006,20(6):5-9.Dong Shiyun, Ma Yunzhe, Xu Binshi, et al. Current status of material for laser cladding[J]. Materials Review,2006,20(6):5-9.
[14]张坚,吴文妮,赵龙志.激光熔覆研究现状及发展趋势[J].热加工工艺,2013,42(6):131-134.Zhang Jian, Wu Wenni, Zhao Longzhi. Research progress and development trend of laser cladding[J]. Hot Working Technology,2013,42(6):131-134.
[15]Wang D S, Tian Z J, Wang S L, et al. Microstructural characterization of Al2O3-13wt.%Ti O2ceramic coatings prepared by squash presetting laser cladding on GH4169 superalloy[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology,2014,254(10):195-201.
[16]李建,曾庆生,杨毅,等. 45钢激光熔覆镍基WC合金的组织与性能研究[J].机械工程师,2016(2):52-53.Li Jian, Zeng Qingsheng, Yang Yi, et al. Microstructure and properties study on laser cladding layer of Ni-based tungsten carbide alloy on 45 steel surface[J]. Mechanical Engineer,2016(2):52-53.
[17]王维,郭鹏飞,张建中,等.超声波对BT20钛合金激光熔覆过程的作用[J].中国激光,2013,40(8):65-69.Wang Wei,Guo Pengfei,Zhang Jianzhong,et al. Ultrasonic effect on laser cladding BT20 titanium alloy process[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers,2013,40(8):65-69.
[18]钟敏霖,刘文今. 45 k W高功率CO2激光熔覆过程中裂纹行为的实验探究[J].应用激光,1999,19(5):193-197.Zhong Minlin, Liu Wenjin. Experimental research on cracking behavior during 45 k W high power CO2laser cladding[J]. Applied Laser,1999,19(5):193-197.
[19]张艳梅,华海,帅歌国,等.激光熔覆微纳米WC颗粒增强镍基金属陶瓷涂层的裂纹研究[J].热加工工艺,2014,43(24):154-157.Zhang Yanmei,Hua Hai,Shuai Geguo,et al. Study on cracking behavior of micro-nano WC reinforced Ni-matrix composite coating by laser cladding[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2014, 43(24):154-157.
[20]Fernández M R,García A,J Cuetos M,et al. Effect of actual WC content on the reciprocating wear of a laser cladding Ni CrBSi alloy reinforced with WC[J]. Wear,2015,324-325(2):80-89.
[21]刘建弟,张述泉,王华明.激光熔覆WC颗粒增强复合涂层的组织及耐磨性[J].中国有色金属学报,2012,22(9):2061-2067.Liu Jiandi,Zhang Shuquan,Wang Huaming. Microstructure and wear resistance of laser cladding WC particles reinforced composite coatings[J]. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2012,22(9):2061-2067.
[22]潘斌,李崇桂,黄旺华,等.激光熔覆法制备Al2O3-Ti O2涂层的显微组织与性能研究[J].材料导报,2016,30(2):65-68.Pan Bin, Li Chonggui, Huang Wanghua, et al. Study on the microstructure and properties of laser clad Al2O3-Ti O2coating[J].Materials Review,2016,30(2):65-68.
[2]田威,许波,廖文和.激光熔覆绿色再制造快递工艺规划技术研究[J].激光与光电子学进展,2011,48(11):117-121.Tian Wei,Xu Bo,Liao Wenhe. Fast process planning technology of laser cladding for green remanufacturing[J]. Laser and Optoelectronics Progress,2011,48(11):117-121.
[3]王华明,张述泉,王向明.大型钛合金结构件激光直接制造的进展与挑战[J].中国激光,2009,36(12):3204-3209.Wang Huaming, Zhang Shuquan, Wang Xiangming. Progress and challenges of laser direct manufacturing of large titanium structural components[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2009, 36(12):3204-3209.
[4]Mehrizi M Z,Shamanian M,Saidi A,et al. Evaluation of oxidation behavior of laser clad CoWSi-WSi2coating on pure Ni substrate at different temperatures[J]. Ceramics International,2015,41(8):9715-9721.
[5]Nie X F,He W F,Zang S L,et al. Effect study and application to improve high cycle fatigue resistance of TC11 titanium alloy by laser shock peening with multiple impacts[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology,2014,253(9):68-75.
[6] Farahmand P,Liu S,Zhang Z,et al. Laser cladding assisted by induction heating of Ni-WC composite enhanced by nano-WC and La2O3[J]. Ceramics International,2014,40(10):15421-15438.
[7]Liu Y F,Zhou Y L,Zhang Q,et al. Microstructure and dry sliding wear behavior of plasma transferred arc clad Ti5Si3reinforced intermetallic composite coatings[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2014,591:251-258.
[8]Jia W J,Hong Q,Zhao H Z,et al. Effect of laser shock peening on the mechanical properties of a near-αtitanium alloy[J]. Materials Science and Engineering,2014,606(6):354-359.
[9]Mehrizi M Z,Shamanian M,Saidi A,et al. Laser cladding of CoWSi/WSi2on Ni substrate and evaluation of its high temperature oxidation behavior[J]. Ceramics International,2014,40(8):13447-13452.
[10]Weng F,Chen C Z,Yu H J. Research status of laser cladding on titanium and its alloys:A review[J]. Materials and Design,2014,58(6):412-425.
[11]黄瑞芬,罗建民,王春琴.激光熔覆技术的应用及其发展[J].兵器材料科学与工程,2005,28(4):57-59.Huang Ruifen, Luo Jianmin, Wang Chunqin. Applications and developments of laser cladding technology[J]. Ordnance Material Science and Engineering,2005,28(4):57-59.
[12]袁庆龙,冯旭东,曹晶晶,等.激光熔覆技术研究进展[J].材料导报,2010,24(3):112-116.Yuan Qinglong,Feng Xudong,Cao Jingjing,et al. Research progress in laser cladding technology[J]. Materials Review,2010,24(3):112-116.
[13]董世运,马运哲,徐滨士,等.激光熔覆材料研究现状[J].材料导报,2006,20(6):5-9.Dong Shiyun, Ma Yunzhe, Xu Binshi, et al. Current status of material for laser cladding[J]. Materials Review,2006,20(6):5-9.
[14]张坚,吴文妮,赵龙志.激光熔覆研究现状及发展趋势[J].热加工工艺,2013,42(6):131-134.Zhang Jian, Wu Wenni, Zhao Longzhi. Research progress and development trend of laser cladding[J]. Hot Working Technology,2013,42(6):131-134.
[15]Wang D S, Tian Z J, Wang S L, et al. Microstructural characterization of Al2O3-13wt.%Ti O2ceramic coatings prepared by squash presetting laser cladding on GH4169 superalloy[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology,2014,254(10):195-201.
[16]李建,曾庆生,杨毅,等. 45钢激光熔覆镍基WC合金的组织与性能研究[J].机械工程师,2016(2):52-53.Li Jian, Zeng Qingsheng, Yang Yi, et al. Microstructure and properties study on laser cladding layer of Ni-based tungsten carbide alloy on 45 steel surface[J]. Mechanical Engineer,2016(2):52-53.
[17]王维,郭鹏飞,张建中,等.超声波对BT20钛合金激光熔覆过程的作用[J].中国激光,2013,40(8):65-69.Wang Wei,Guo Pengfei,Zhang Jianzhong,et al. Ultrasonic effect on laser cladding BT20 titanium alloy process[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers,2013,40(8):65-69.
[18]钟敏霖,刘文今. 45 k W高功率CO2激光熔覆过程中裂纹行为的实验探究[J].应用激光,1999,19(5):193-197.Zhong Minlin, Liu Wenjin. Experimental research on cracking behavior during 45 k W high power CO2laser cladding[J]. Applied Laser,1999,19(5):193-197.
[19]张艳梅,华海,帅歌国,等.激光熔覆微纳米WC颗粒增强镍基金属陶瓷涂层的裂纹研究[J].热加工工艺,2014,43(24):154-157.Zhang Yanmei,Hua Hai,Shuai Geguo,et al. Study on cracking behavior of micro-nano WC reinforced Ni-matrix composite coating by laser cladding[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2014, 43(24):154-157.
[20]Fernández M R,García A,J Cuetos M,et al. Effect of actual WC content on the reciprocating wear of a laser cladding Ni CrBSi alloy reinforced with WC[J]. Wear,2015,324-325(2):80-89.
[21]刘建弟,张述泉,王华明.激光熔覆WC颗粒增强复合涂层的组织及耐磨性[J].中国有色金属学报,2012,22(9):2061-2067.Liu Jiandi,Zhang Shuquan,Wang Huaming. Microstructure and wear resistance of laser cladding WC particles reinforced composite coatings[J]. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2012,22(9):2061-2067.
[22]潘斌,李崇桂,黄旺华,等.激光熔覆法制备Al2O3-Ti O2涂层的显微组织与性能研究[J].材料导报,2016,30(2):65-68.Pan Bin, Li Chonggui, Huang Wanghua, et al. Study on the microstructure and properties of laser clad Al2O3-Ti O2coating[J].Materials Review,2016,30(2):65-68.