生态区绿色勘查评价方法及评价标准探讨
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摘要
绿色勘查为绿色发展在地质工作中的具体体现,我国在实施绿色勘查方面起步较晚,至今国家层面仍未出台统一的评价方法与评价标准,从而制约着对绿色勘查的认识及理解。通过查阅国家及地方关于地质勘查指导原则及规范标准,总结国内自实施绿色勘查以来取得的成就,分析国外矿业大国在不同生态区实行的地质勘查政策及评价标准。最终,结合我国地质勘查问题及现状、区域矿产资源分布与经济状况,提出不同生态区绿色勘查评价方法及准则。对地质勘查造成的影响进行量化,提出勘查工作在生态保护区、脆弱区、一般区分别达到95分、90分、85分以上者可称达到绿色勘查标准。并建议我国适当改变生态保护区、脆弱区地质工作政策,使环境保护与资源勘查、经济发展相协调。
Green exploration is the concrete embodiment of green development in geological work. China began green exploration relatively late. Up to now, there has not been a unified evaluation method and standard yet at the national level, which restricts the understanding of green exploration. With review of the national and local guiding principles and standards for geological exploration, the advances are summarized since the implementation of green exploration in China, and analysis is made of the policies and evaluation standards for geological exploration implemented in different ecological zones by major mining countries abroad. Finally, in view of geological exploration problems and current situation, regional distribution of mineral resources and economic situation in China, green exploration evaluation methods and criteria are proposed for different ecological zones. The impact of geological exploration is quantified, and it is recommended that exploration work should reach 95 points, 90 points and 85 points respectively in ecological conservancy areas, fragile areas and general areas to meet the green exploration criteria. It is proposed that China should change the geological exploration policies for ecological conservancy areas and fragile areas, so as to keep ecological environmental protection in pace with resource exploration and economic development.
Green exploration is the concrete embodiment of green development in geological work. China began green exploration relatively late. Up to now, there has not been a unified evaluation method and standard yet at the national level, which restricts the understanding of green exploration. With review of the national and local guiding principles and standards for geological exploration, the advances are summarized since the implementation of green exploration in China, and analysis is made of the policies and evaluation standards for geological exploration implemented in different ecological zones by major mining countries abroad. Finally, in view of geological exploration problems and current situation, regional distribution of mineral resources and economic situation in China, green exploration evaluation methods and criteria are proposed for different ecological zones. The impact of geological exploration is quantified, and it is recommended that exploration work should reach 95 points, 90 points and 85 points respectively in ecological conservancy areas, fragile areas and general areas to meet the green exploration criteria. It is proposed that China should change the geological exploration policies for ecological conservancy areas and fragile areas, so as to keep ecological environmental protection in pace with resource exploration and economic development.
引文
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[9] Monowar M, Nurlan O. Green governance and sustainability reporting in Kazak-hstan’s oil, gas, and mining sector: evidence from a former USSR emerging economy[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017,164(10):389-397.
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[15] Anne M H, Frank V, Peter C, et al. Managing the social impacts of the rapidly-expanding extractive industries in greenland[J]. The Extractive Industries and Society, 2016,3(1):25-33.
[16] Garcia, Leticia, Couto, et al. Brazil's worst mining disaster: corporations must be compelled to pay the actual environmental costs[J]. Ecological Applications, 2017,27(1):5-9.
[17] 曹献珍.国外绿色矿业建设对我国的借鉴意义[J].矿产环保与利用,2011,5(6):19-23. CAO Xianzhen. Construction of green mining in foreign countries and reference mean to our country[J]. Conservation and Utilization of Mineral Resources, 2011,5(6):19-23.
[18] 赵彦璞.新常态下内蒙古矿产资源勘查开发思路[J].中国矿业,2016,25(7):28-31. ZHAO Yanpu. The idea of mineral resources exploration and development in Inner Mongolia under the new normal condition[J]. China Mining Magazine, 2016,25(7):28-31.
[19] 陈伯辉,高元宏,李玉胜,等.青海省绿色地勘技术及标准探讨[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),2016,43(10):131-134. CHEN Baihui, GAO Yuanhong, LI Yusheng, et al. Discussion on the green geological prospecting technique of Qinghai Province and the standard[J]. Exploration Engineering (Rock & Soil Drilling and Tunneling), 2016,43(10):131-134.
[20] 吴金生,李子章,李政昭,等.绿色勘查中减少探矿工程对环境影响的技术方法[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),2016,43(10):112-116. WU Jinsheng, LI Zizhang, LI Zhengzhao, et al. Technological methods of reducing impact on environment by exploration in green exploration[J]. Exploration Engineering (Rock & Soil Drilling and Tunneling), 2016,43(10):112-116.
[21] 刘海声,穆元红,刘鹏,等.绿色勘查技术在青海格尔木铜金山矿区钻探施工的应用分析[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),2017,44(3):27-30. LIU Haisheng, MU Yuanhong, LIU Peng, et al. Application analysis on green exploration technology in drilling construction in Tongjinshan Mining Area of Qinghai Province[J]. Exploration Engineering (Rock & Soil Drilling and Tunneling), 2017,44(3):27-30.
[22] 贾占宏,高元宏,梁俭,等.绿色地质勘查综合技术应用分析[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),2017,44(4):1-4. JIA Zhanhong, GAO Yuanhong, LIAN Jian, et al. Application and analysis on comprehensive technology of green geological prospecting[J]. Exploration Engineering (Rock & Soil Drilling and Tunneling), 2017,44(4):1-4.
[23] 刘军会,邹长新,高吉喜,等.中国生态环境脆弱区范围界定[J].生物多样性,2015,23(6):725-732. LIU Junhui, ZOU Changxin, GAO Jixi, et al. Location determination of ecologically vulnerable regions in China[J].Biodiversity Science, 2015,23(6):725-732.
[24] 肖克炎,邢树文,丁建华,等.全国重要固体矿产重点成矿区带划分与资源潜力特征[J].地质学报,2016,90(7):1269-1280. XIAO Keyan, XING Shuwen, DING Jianhua, et al. Division of major mineralization belts of China’s key solid mineral resources and their mineral resource potential[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2016,90(7):1269-1280.
[25] 朱裕生,王全明,张晓华,等.中国成矿区带划分及有关问题[J],地质与勘探,1999,35(4):1-4. ZHU Yusheng, WANG Quanming, ZHANG Xiaohua, et al. Some problems on division of metallogenic belts in China[J]. Geology and Prospecting, 1999,35(4):1-4.
[26] 王旭,周爱国,甘义群,等.青藏高原矿产资源开发与地质环境保护协调发展的对策讨论[J].干旱区资源环境,2010,24(2):69-73. WANG Xu, ZHOU Aiguo, GAN Yiqun, et al. Study on the harmonize development of mineral resources exploration and the geo-environment protection countermeasures in Qinghai-Tibet[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2010,24(2):69-73.
[27] 张文辉,申文金.关于绿色勘查标准化的思考[J].现代矿业,2017,9(9):8-11,17. ZHANG Wenhui, SHEN Wenjin. Considerations of standardization of green exploration[J]. Modern Mining, 2017,9(9):8-11,17.
[28] 黄敬军,倪嘉曾,赵永忠,等.绿色矿山创建标准及考评指标研究[J].中国矿业,2008,17(7):36-39. HUANG Jingjun, NI Jiazeng, ZHAO Yongzhong, et al. Study on green mine construction standard and its check and evaluation index[J]. China Mining Magazine, 2008,17(7):36-39.
[29] 闫志刚,刘玉朋,王雪丽.绿色矿山建设评价指标与方法研究[J].中国煤炭,2012,38(2):116-120. YAN Zhigang, LIU Yupeng, WANG Xueli. Evaluation criterion and method of green mine[J].China Coal, 2012,38(2):116-120.
[30] 尹伯悦,赖明,谢飞鸿,等.借鉴国外绿色建筑评估体系来研究我国绿色矿山建筑标准的建立和实施[J].中国矿业,2006,15(6):29-32. YIN Boyue, LAN Ming, XIE Feihong, et al. The research assessment system for green building of the over main and our country mining green building standard model and implementation[J]. China Mining Magazine, 2006,15(6):29-32.
[31] 张德明,贾晓晴,乔繁盛,等.绿色矿山评价指标体系的初步探讨[J].再生资源与循环经济,2010,3(12):11-13. ZHANG Deming, JIA Xiaoqing, QIAO Fansheng, et al. Study on the index evaluation systems of green mines[J]. Recyclable Resources and Circular Economy, 2010,3(12):11-13.
[32] 徐友宁,袁汉春,何芳,等.矿山环境地质问题综合评价指标体系[J].地质通报,2003,22(10):829-832. XU Youning, YUAN Hanchun, HE Fang, et al. Comprehensive evaluation index system of the environmental geological problems of mines[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2003,22(10):829-832.
[2] 赵元艺,李小赛,乔东海,等.西藏多龙矿集区绿色勘查与绿色矿山建议[J].地质论评,2016,62(S1):287-288. ZHAO Yuanyi, LI Xiaosai, QIAO Donghai, et al. Suggestions of green exploration and green mining of Duolong Ore Concentration Are, Xizang(Tibet)[J]. Geological Review, 2016,62(S1):287-288.
[3] 鞠建华,强海洋.中国矿业绿色发展的趋势和方向[J].中国矿业,2017,26(2):7-12. JU Jianhua, QIANG Haiyang. The trend and direction of green development of the mining industry in China[J]. China Mining Magazine, 2017,26(2):7-12.
[4] 杨俊鹏,戴华阳,张建伟.新常态下我国绿色矿山建设面临问题与解决办法[J].中国矿业,2017,26(1):67-71. YANG Junpeng, DAI Huayang, ZHANG Jianwei. The problems and solution of the construction of green mine in the new normal[J]. China Mining Magazine, 2017, 26(1):67-71.
[5] 王英超.新常态下我国绿色勘查的发展探讨[J].地质论评,2016,62(S2):281-282. WANG Yingchao. Discussion on the development of green exploration in our country under the new normal state[J]. Geological Review, 2016,62(S2):281-282.
[6] 张新虎,刘建宏,黄万堂,等.绿色勘查理念:认知、探索与实践[J].甘肃地质,2017,26(1):1-7. ZHANG Xinhu, LIU Jianhong, HUANG Wantang, et al. Green exploration: cognition, explore and practice[J]. Gansu Geology, 2017,26(1):1-7.
[7] 郑娟尔,余振国,冯春涛.澳大利亚矿产资源开发的环境代价及矿山环境管理制度研究[J].中国矿业,2010,19(11):66-69,84. ZHENG Juaner, YU Zhenguo, FENG Chuntao. Environment cost caused by mineral resource exploitation and environment management system of Australia[J]. China Mining Magazine, 2010,19(11):66-69,84.
[8] Alexander W. Conservation and access to land for mining in protected areas: the conflict over mining in South Australia’s Arkaroola Wilderness Sanctuary[J]. Journal of Environmental Law, 2014,26(2):291-317.
[9] Monowar M, Nurlan O. Green governance and sustainability reporting in Kazak-hstan’s oil, gas, and mining sector: evidence from a former USSR emerging economy[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017,164(10):389-397.
[10] David R I, Pooe, Khomotso, et al. Exploring the challenges associated with the greening of supply chains in the South African manganese and phosphate mining industry: original research[J]. Journal of Transport and Supply Chain Management, 2014,8(1):1-9.
[11] Samuel T K, Wilson, Hongtao, et al. The mining sector of Liberia: current practices and environmental challenges[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Rese-arch,2017,24(23): 18711-18720.
[12] Paul M, Kelvin M. Environmental injustice and post-colonial environmentalism: opencast coal mining, landscape and place[J]. Environment and Planning A, 2017,49(1):29-46.
[13] Ellis J I, Clark M R, Rouse H L, et al. Environmental management frameworks for offshore mining: the New Zealand approach[J]. Marine Policy, 2017,84(17):178-192.
[14] Juan O. Some criteria for evaluation of resources in a system of protected areas in Chile[J]. Environmental Conservation, 2015,12(2):173-175.
[15] Anne M H, Frank V, Peter C, et al. Managing the social impacts of the rapidly-expanding extractive industries in greenland[J]. The Extractive Industries and Society, 2016,3(1):25-33.
[16] Garcia, Leticia, Couto, et al. Brazil's worst mining disaster: corporations must be compelled to pay the actual environmental costs[J]. Ecological Applications, 2017,27(1):5-9.
[17] 曹献珍.国外绿色矿业建设对我国的借鉴意义[J].矿产环保与利用,2011,5(6):19-23. CAO Xianzhen. Construction of green mining in foreign countries and reference mean to our country[J]. Conservation and Utilization of Mineral Resources, 2011,5(6):19-23.
[18] 赵彦璞.新常态下内蒙古矿产资源勘查开发思路[J].中国矿业,2016,25(7):28-31. ZHAO Yanpu. The idea of mineral resources exploration and development in Inner Mongolia under the new normal condition[J]. China Mining Magazine, 2016,25(7):28-31.
[19] 陈伯辉,高元宏,李玉胜,等.青海省绿色地勘技术及标准探讨[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),2016,43(10):131-134. CHEN Baihui, GAO Yuanhong, LI Yusheng, et al. Discussion on the green geological prospecting technique of Qinghai Province and the standard[J]. Exploration Engineering (Rock & Soil Drilling and Tunneling), 2016,43(10):131-134.
[20] 吴金生,李子章,李政昭,等.绿色勘查中减少探矿工程对环境影响的技术方法[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),2016,43(10):112-116. WU Jinsheng, LI Zizhang, LI Zhengzhao, et al. Technological methods of reducing impact on environment by exploration in green exploration[J]. Exploration Engineering (Rock & Soil Drilling and Tunneling), 2016,43(10):112-116.
[21] 刘海声,穆元红,刘鹏,等.绿色勘查技术在青海格尔木铜金山矿区钻探施工的应用分析[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),2017,44(3):27-30. LIU Haisheng, MU Yuanhong, LIU Peng, et al. Application analysis on green exploration technology in drilling construction in Tongjinshan Mining Area of Qinghai Province[J]. Exploration Engineering (Rock & Soil Drilling and Tunneling), 2017,44(3):27-30.
[22] 贾占宏,高元宏,梁俭,等.绿色地质勘查综合技术应用分析[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),2017,44(4):1-4. JIA Zhanhong, GAO Yuanhong, LIAN Jian, et al. Application and analysis on comprehensive technology of green geological prospecting[J]. Exploration Engineering (Rock & Soil Drilling and Tunneling), 2017,44(4):1-4.
[23] 刘军会,邹长新,高吉喜,等.中国生态环境脆弱区范围界定[J].生物多样性,2015,23(6):725-732. LIU Junhui, ZOU Changxin, GAO Jixi, et al. Location determination of ecologically vulnerable regions in China[J].Biodiversity Science, 2015,23(6):725-732.
[24] 肖克炎,邢树文,丁建华,等.全国重要固体矿产重点成矿区带划分与资源潜力特征[J].地质学报,2016,90(7):1269-1280. XIAO Keyan, XING Shuwen, DING Jianhua, et al. Division of major mineralization belts of China’s key solid mineral resources and their mineral resource potential[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2016,90(7):1269-1280.
[25] 朱裕生,王全明,张晓华,等.中国成矿区带划分及有关问题[J],地质与勘探,1999,35(4):1-4. ZHU Yusheng, WANG Quanming, ZHANG Xiaohua, et al. Some problems on division of metallogenic belts in China[J]. Geology and Prospecting, 1999,35(4):1-4.
[26] 王旭,周爱国,甘义群,等.青藏高原矿产资源开发与地质环境保护协调发展的对策讨论[J].干旱区资源环境,2010,24(2):69-73. WANG Xu, ZHOU Aiguo, GAN Yiqun, et al. Study on the harmonize development of mineral resources exploration and the geo-environment protection countermeasures in Qinghai-Tibet[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2010,24(2):69-73.
[27] 张文辉,申文金.关于绿色勘查标准化的思考[J].现代矿业,2017,9(9):8-11,17. ZHANG Wenhui, SHEN Wenjin. Considerations of standardization of green exploration[J]. Modern Mining, 2017,9(9):8-11,17.
[28] 黄敬军,倪嘉曾,赵永忠,等.绿色矿山创建标准及考评指标研究[J].中国矿业,2008,17(7):36-39. HUANG Jingjun, NI Jiazeng, ZHAO Yongzhong, et al. Study on green mine construction standard and its check and evaluation index[J]. China Mining Magazine, 2008,17(7):36-39.
[29] 闫志刚,刘玉朋,王雪丽.绿色矿山建设评价指标与方法研究[J].中国煤炭,2012,38(2):116-120. YAN Zhigang, LIU Yupeng, WANG Xueli. Evaluation criterion and method of green mine[J].China Coal, 2012,38(2):116-120.
[30] 尹伯悦,赖明,谢飞鸿,等.借鉴国外绿色建筑评估体系来研究我国绿色矿山建筑标准的建立和实施[J].中国矿业,2006,15(6):29-32. YIN Boyue, LAN Ming, XIE Feihong, et al. The research assessment system for green building of the over main and our country mining green building standard model and implementation[J]. China Mining Magazine, 2006,15(6):29-32.
[31] 张德明,贾晓晴,乔繁盛,等.绿色矿山评价指标体系的初步探讨[J].再生资源与循环经济,2010,3(12):11-13. ZHANG Deming, JIA Xiaoqing, QIAO Fansheng, et al. Study on the index evaluation systems of green mines[J]. Recyclable Resources and Circular Economy, 2010,3(12):11-13.
[32] 徐友宁,袁汉春,何芳,等.矿山环境地质问题综合评价指标体系[J].地质通报,2003,22(10):829-832. XU Youning, YUAN Hanchun, HE Fang, et al. Comprehensive evaluation index system of the environmental geological problems of mines[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2003,22(10):829-832.