Ultra-high sensitivity of rhodamine B sensing based on NaGdF_4:Yb~(3+),Er~(3+)@NaGdF_4 core-shell upconversion nanoparticles
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摘要
A series of mono-dispersed hexagon NaGdF_4:Yb~(3+),Er~(3+)@NaGdF_4 core-shell nanoparticles with different shell thickness were synthesized via a co-precipitation method. Nanoparticles with high upconversion fluorescent emissions result in large signal-to-noise ratio, which guarantees the accuracy of the sensitivity. Besides, the maximum sensitivity of these NPs as detection film increases first and then decreases with the shell thickness increasing. When the shell thickness is 2.3 nm(NaGdF_4-2), the maximum sensitivity(0.69959 ppm~(-1)) is reached. A large degree of overlap between the rhodamine B absorption band and the Er~(3+) green emission bands ensures that the NaGdF_4:Yb~(3+),Er~(3+)@NaGdF_4 nanoparticles can be used as fluorescent probe to detect the concentration of rhodamine B based on fluorescent intensity ratio technology. The linear relationship between the rhodamine B concentration and the intensity ratio(R) of green and red emission intensity(I_(S+H) and I_F) were studied systematically. The result shows that the maximum sensitivity can be obtained in low concentration rhodamine B(<4 ppm), which is lower than the reported minimum detection concentration. Thus, the ultra-high sensitivity detection by NaGdF_4:Yb~(3+),Er~(3+)@NaGdF_4 core-shell upconversion nanoparticles in low concentration can be realized,which provides promising applications in bio-detection filed.
A series of mono-dispersed hexagon NaGdF_4:Yb~(3+),Er~(3+)@NaGdF_4 core-shell nanoparticles with different shell thickness were synthesized via a co-precipitation method. Nanoparticles with high upconversion fluorescent emissions result in large signal-to-noise ratio, which guarantees the accuracy of the sensitivity. Besides, the maximum sensitivity of these NPs as detection film increases first and then decreases with the shell thickness increasing. When the shell thickness is 2.3 nm(NaGdF_4-2), the maximum sensitivity(0.69959 ppm~(-1)) is reached. A large degree of overlap between the rhodamine B absorption band and the Er~(3+) green emission bands ensures that the NaGdF_4:Yb~(3+),Er~(3+)@NaGdF_4 nanoparticles can be used as fluorescent probe to detect the concentration of rhodamine B based on fluorescent intensity ratio technology. The linear relationship between the rhodamine B concentration and the intensity ratio(R) of green and red emission intensity(I_(S+H) and I_F) were studied systematically. The result shows that the maximum sensitivity can be obtained in low concentration rhodamine B(<4 ppm), which is lower than the reported minimum detection concentration. Thus, the ultra-high sensitivity detection by NaGdF_4:Yb~(3+),Er~(3+)@NaGdF_4 core-shell upconversion nanoparticles in low concentration can be realized,which provides promising applications in bio-detection filed.
A series of mono-dispersed hexagon NaGdF_4:Yb~(3+),Er~(3+)@NaGdF_4 core-shell nanoparticles with different shell thickness were synthesized via a co-precipitation method. Nanoparticles with high upconversion fluorescent emissions result in large signal-to-noise ratio, which guarantees the accuracy of the sensitivity. Besides, the maximum sensitivity of these NPs as detection film increases first and then decreases with the shell thickness increasing. When the shell thickness is 2.3 nm(NaGdF_4-2), the maximum sensitivity(0.69959 ppm~(-1)) is reached. A large degree of overlap between the rhodamine B absorption band and the Er~(3+) green emission bands ensures that the NaGdF_4:Yb~(3+),Er~(3+)@NaGdF_4 nanoparticles can be used as fluorescent probe to detect the concentration of rhodamine B based on fluorescent intensity ratio technology. The linear relationship between the rhodamine B concentration and the intensity ratio(R) of green and red emission intensity(I_(S+H) and I_F) were studied systematically. The result shows that the maximum sensitivity can be obtained in low concentration rhodamine B(<4 ppm), which is lower than the reported minimum detection concentration. Thus, the ultra-high sensitivity detection by NaGdF_4:Yb~(3+),Er~(3+)@NaGdF_4 core-shell upconversion nanoparticles in low concentration can be realized,which provides promising applications in bio-detection filed.
引文
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14. Lin M, Gao Y, Diefenbach TJ, Shen JK, Hornicek FJ, Park TL, et al. Facial Layer-bylayer engineering of upconversion nanoparticles for gene delivery:nearinfrared-initiated fluorescence resonance energy transfer tracking and overcoming drug resistance in ovarian cancer. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2017;9:7941.
15. Su QQ, Feng W, Yang DP, Li FY. Resonance energy transfer in upconversion nanoplat forms for selective biodetection. Accounts Chem Res.2016;50:32.
16. Beljonne D, Curutchet C, Scholes GD, Silbey RJ. Beyond Forster resonance energy transfer in biological and nanoscale systems. J Phys Chem B. 2009; 113:6583.
17. Wu JL, Cao BS, Rino L, He YY, Feng ZQ, Dong B. Temperature and Rhodamine B sensing based on fluorescence intensity ratio of Er~(3+)upconversion emissions.RSC Adv. 2017;7:48494.
18. Wang F, Deng RR, Liu XG. Preparation of core-shell NaGdF4 nanoparticles doped with luminescent lanthanide ions to be used as upconversion-based probes. Nat Protoc. 2014;9:1634.
19. Chen GY, Damasco J, Qiu HL, Shao W, Ohulchanskyy TY, Valiev RR, et al. Energy-cascaded Upconversion in an organic dye-sensitized core/shell fluoride nanocrystal. Nano Lett. 2015;15:7400.
20. Fischer S, Bronstein ND, Swabeck JK, Chan EM, Alivisatos AP. Precise tuning of surface quenching for luminescence enhancement in core-shell lanthanidedoped nanociystals. Nano Lett. 2016;16:7241.
21. Shi ZX, Wang J, Guan X. Upconversion multicolor tuning of NaY(WO_4)_2:Tb~(3+)with Eu~(3+)doping. J Rare Earths. 2018;36:911.
22. Chen X, Jin LM, Sun TY, Kong W, Yu SF, Wang F. Energy migration upconversion in Ce(Ⅲ)-doped heterogeneous core-shell-shell nanoparticles. Small. 2017:13:1701479.
23. Li XK, You FF, Peng HS. Synthesis and near-infrared luminescent properties of NaGdF_4:Nd~(3+)@NaGdF_4 core/shell nanocrystals with different shell thickness.J Nano.Sci Nano Technol. 2016;16(4):3940.
24. Sutton JA, Fisher BT, Fleming JW. A laser-induced fluorescence measurement for aqueous fluid flows with improved temperature sensitivity. Exp Fluid.2008;45:869881.
2. Rochat J, Demenge P, Rerat JC. Toxicologic study of a fluorescent tracer:rhodamine B. Europe PMC. 1978; 1:23.
3. Kornbrust D, Barfknecht T. Testing of 24 food, drug, cosmetic, and fabric dyes in the in Vitro and the in Vivo/in Vitro rat Hepatocyte primary culture DNA repair assays. Environ Mol Mutagen. 1985;7:101.
4. Han GM, Li H, Huang XX. Simple synthesis of carboxyl-functionalized upconversion nanoparticles for bio sensing and bioimaging applications. Talanta.2016;147:207.
5. Xu S, Xu SH, Zhu YS, Xu W, Zhou PW, Zhou CY, et al. A novel upconversion,fluorescence resonance energy transfer biosensor(FRET)for sensitive detection of lead ions in Human serum. Nanoscale. 2014;6:12573.
6. Wang XF, Liu Q, Bu YY, Liu CS, Liu T, Yan XH. Optical temperature sensing of rare-earth ion doped phosphors. RSC Adv. 2015;5:86219.
7. Xu S, Xu W, Wang YF, Zhang S, Zhu YS, Tao L, et al. NaYF4:Yb,Tm nanocrystals and TiO2 inverse opal composite films:a novel device for upconversion enhancement and solid-based sensing of avidin. Nanoscale. 2014;6:5859.
8. Liu KC, Zhang ZY, Shan CX, Feng ZQ, Li JS, Song CL, et al. A flexible and superhydrophobic upconversion-luminescence membrane as an ultrasensitive fluorescence sensor for single droplet detection. Light Sci Appl. 2016;5:e16136.
9. Chen R, Ta VD, Xiao F, Zhang QY, Sun HD. Multicolor hybrid upconversion nanoparticles and their improved performance as luminescence temperature sensors due to energy transfer. Small. 2013;9:1052.
10. Shi JY, Tian F, Lyu J, Yang M. Nanoparticle based fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET)for biosensing application. J Mater Chem. 2015;3:6989.
11. Shi JY, Chan CY, Pang Y, Ye WW, Tian F, Lyu J, et al. A fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET)biosensor based on graphene quantum dots(GQDs)and gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)for the detection of meca gene sequence of staphylococcus aureus. Biosens Bioelectron. 2015;67:595.
12. Stanisavljevic M, Krizkova S, Vaculovicova M, Kizek R, Adam V. Quantum dotsfluorescence resonance energy transfer-based nanosensors and their application. Biosens Bioelectron. 2015;74:562.
13. Zhang Z, Zhang M, Wu XY, Chang Z, Lee YL, Huy BT, et al. Upconversion fluorescence resonance energy transfer-a novel approach for sensitive detection of fluoroquinolones in water samples. Microchem J. 2016; 124:181.
14. Lin M, Gao Y, Diefenbach TJ, Shen JK, Hornicek FJ, Park TL, et al. Facial Layer-bylayer engineering of upconversion nanoparticles for gene delivery:nearinfrared-initiated fluorescence resonance energy transfer tracking and overcoming drug resistance in ovarian cancer. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2017;9:7941.
15. Su QQ, Feng W, Yang DP, Li FY. Resonance energy transfer in upconversion nanoplat forms for selective biodetection. Accounts Chem Res.2016;50:32.
16. Beljonne D, Curutchet C, Scholes GD, Silbey RJ. Beyond Forster resonance energy transfer in biological and nanoscale systems. J Phys Chem B. 2009; 113:6583.
17. Wu JL, Cao BS, Rino L, He YY, Feng ZQ, Dong B. Temperature and Rhodamine B sensing based on fluorescence intensity ratio of Er~(3+)upconversion emissions.RSC Adv. 2017;7:48494.
18. Wang F, Deng RR, Liu XG. Preparation of core-shell NaGdF4 nanoparticles doped with luminescent lanthanide ions to be used as upconversion-based probes. Nat Protoc. 2014;9:1634.
19. Chen GY, Damasco J, Qiu HL, Shao W, Ohulchanskyy TY, Valiev RR, et al. Energy-cascaded Upconversion in an organic dye-sensitized core/shell fluoride nanocrystal. Nano Lett. 2015;15:7400.
20. Fischer S, Bronstein ND, Swabeck JK, Chan EM, Alivisatos AP. Precise tuning of surface quenching for luminescence enhancement in core-shell lanthanidedoped nanociystals. Nano Lett. 2016;16:7241.
21. Shi ZX, Wang J, Guan X. Upconversion multicolor tuning of NaY(WO_4)_2:Tb~(3+)with Eu~(3+)doping. J Rare Earths. 2018;36:911.
22. Chen X, Jin LM, Sun TY, Kong W, Yu SF, Wang F. Energy migration upconversion in Ce(Ⅲ)-doped heterogeneous core-shell-shell nanoparticles. Small. 2017:13:1701479.
23. Li XK, You FF, Peng HS. Synthesis and near-infrared luminescent properties of NaGdF_4:Nd~(3+)@NaGdF_4 core/shell nanocrystals with different shell thickness.J Nano.Sci Nano Technol. 2016;16(4):3940.
24. Sutton JA, Fisher BT, Fleming JW. A laser-induced fluorescence measurement for aqueous fluid flows with improved temperature sensitivity. Exp Fluid.2008;45:869881.