兖州煤田煤矸石中敏感性元素动态淋滤特征及环境效应评价
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摘要
煤矸石是煤炭资源开发过程中产生的大宗固体废弃物,其长期露天堆放会对环境造成一定的污染。为探究煤矸石在自然条件下降水淋滤过程中敏感性元素的淋出特征,选取山东省主要煤炭生产基地——兖州煤田某典型煤矿的煤矸石作为研究对象,模拟自然降雨条件下动态淋滤试验对煤矸石中的9种敏感性元素淋出特征进行了研究。结果表明:淋出液的pH值均偏碱性,介于9.3～9.8,且随着淋滤次数的增加逐渐增高并趋于稳定。F,As元素具有较强的淋出活性,其淋出率分别为2.60%,1.06%,且全部时间段的淋出液浓度均超出了地下水质量标准Ⅳ类水限值。Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg,Ni,Pb,Zn元素的淋出率均低于0.05%,反映了相对较弱的淋出活性,其各时间段的淋出液浓度均满足地下水质量标准Ⅲ类水的要求。9种敏感性指标均呈现有间歇性快速释放规律,且随淋滤时间的延长,各元素在淋滤后期逐步稳定慢速释放。大量露天堆放以及直接充填于采煤塌陷区内的煤矸石对周边水环境的长期污染效应不容忽视。
Coal gangue is a large scale solid waste generated during the development of coal resources. Its long term open-air stacking will cause certain pollution to the environment. In order to explore the leaching characteristics of sensible elements in the leaching process of coal gangue under natural conditions, choosing coal gangue of a typical coal mine in Yanzhou coalfield——a major coal production base in Shandong Province as the research object, dynamic leaching experiment under natural rainfall conditions. has been simulated. The leaching characteristics of nine sensitive elements in coal gangue have been studied. It is showed that pH value of the leachate is alkaline ranging from 9.3 to 9.8, and gradually increases and tends to stabilize as the number of leaching times increases. The element of F and As have strong leaching activity, and their leaching rates are 2.60% and 1.06% respectively. The concentration of leaching solution in all period exceeds the groundwater quality standard class Ⅳ water limit. The leaching rates of Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn are all lower than 0.05%, which reflect the relatively weak leaching activity. The concentration of leaching solution in each period meets the groundwater quality standard Ⅲ water requirements. Nine sensitive indicators show intermittent rapid release. Accompanying with the prolongation of leaching time, each element will be gradually stabilized and slowly released in the late stage of leaching. The long term pollution effects on the surrounding water environment due to a large number of open-air stacking and coal gangue directly filled in the coal mining subsidence area cannot be ignored.
Coal gangue is a large scale solid waste generated during the development of coal resources. Its long term open-air stacking will cause certain pollution to the environment. In order to explore the leaching characteristics of sensible elements in the leaching process of coal gangue under natural conditions, choosing coal gangue of a typical coal mine in Yanzhou coalfield——a major coal production base in Shandong Province as the research object, dynamic leaching experiment under natural rainfall conditions. has been simulated. The leaching characteristics of nine sensitive elements in coal gangue have been studied. It is showed that pH value of the leachate is alkaline ranging from 9.3 to 9.8, and gradually increases and tends to stabilize as the number of leaching times increases. The element of F and As have strong leaching activity, and their leaching rates are 2.60% and 1.06% respectively. The concentration of leaching solution in all period exceeds the groundwater quality standard class Ⅳ water limit. The leaching rates of Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn are all lower than 0.05%, which reflect the relatively weak leaching activity. The concentration of leaching solution in each period meets the groundwater quality standard Ⅲ water requirements. Nine sensitive indicators show intermittent rapid release. Accompanying with the prolongation of leaching time, each element will be gradually stabilized and slowly released in the late stage of leaching. The long term pollution effects on the surrounding water environment due to a large number of open-air stacking and coal gangue directly filled in the coal mining subsidence area cannot be ignored.
引文
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[26] 张尊干,李衍方,倪琳,等.徐州煤中氟的含量分布及赋存状态研究[J].中国煤炭,2018,25(8):153-157.
[2] 吴晓华,叶进霞,夏春英,等.兖州煤田矿山地质环境现状与治理对策[J].煤田地质与勘探,2008,36(1):53-57.
[3] 张磊,吕大炜,冯婷婷.兖州煤田鲍店煤矿煤质分析[J].中国煤炭地质,2016,28(9):10-13.
[4] 蒙永辉,颜堂,罗梅,等.论山东省矿山地质环境现状及存在问题[J].山东国土资源,2018,34(9):36-41.
[5] 韦宝玺,孙晓玲.我国煤矸石综合利用现状及对策研究[J].中国国土资源经济,2016(4):51-53.
[6] 田立强,范士彦,门兆龙.井工煤矿生态恢复治理工作中存在的问题探讨[J].山东国土资源,2019,35(4):62-65.
[7] Davies H,Weber P,Lindsay P,et al.Characterisation of acid mine drainage in a high rainfall mountain environment,New Zealand[J].Science of the Total Environment,2011,409:2971-2980.
[8] Villeneuve S A,Barbour S L,Hendry M J,et al.Estimates of water and solute release from a coal waste rock dump in the Elk Valley,British Columbia,Canada[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,601-602:543-555.
[9] P.K.Sahoo P K,Tripathy S,Panigrahi M K,et al.Geochemical characterization of coal and waste rocks from a high sulfur bearing coalfield,India:Implication for acid and metal generation[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2014,145:135-147.
[10] 魏健,王志明,王丽,等.煤矸石在泡沫玻璃中的应用试验研究[J].山东国土资源,2018,34(6):84-89.
[11] 郝启勇,尹儿琴,隋建红,等.煤矸石堆附近耕作层土壤中重金属污染状况与评价——以鲁西南煤炭基地为例[J].山东国土资源,2012,28(9):38-41.
[12] 张丽霞,王鲁林,江泳,等.新形势下山东矿山地质环境保护与管理工作探讨[J].山东国土资源,2017,33(7):44-49.
[13] Lin H,Li G Y,Dong Y B,et al.Effect of pH on the release of heavy metals from stone coal waste rocks[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,2017,165:1-7.
[14] 刘伟.煤矸石中重金属动态淋滤溶出特征研究[J].能源环境保护,2012,26(1):14-17.
[15] 王晖,郝启勇,尹儿琴.煤矸石的淋溶、浸泡对水环境的污染研究——以兖济滕矿区塌陷区充填的煤矸石为例[J].中国煤炭地质,2006,18(2):43-45.
[16] 郝启勇,尹儿琴,李明建,等.兖济滕矿区煤矸石的污染危害效应分析[J].矿业安全与环保,2006,33(3):62-45.
[17] 王淑霞,鲁孟胜,邱法林,等.固体废弃物的生态环境效应分析——以兖济滕矿区煤矸石为例[J].中国煤炭地质,2009,21(9):48-54.
[18] 王念秦,贺磊,汤廉超,等.陕北矿区煤矸石淋滤试验研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,2017,45(1):110-113.
[19] 周辰昕,李小倩,周建伟.广西合山煤矸石重金属的淋溶试验及环境效应[J].水文地质工程地质,2014,41(3):135-141.
[20] 董旭光,顾伟宗,孟祥新,等.山东省近50年来降水事件变化特征[J].地理学报,2014,69(5):661-671.
[21] Bissen M,Frimmel F H.Arsenic-a review.Part 1:Occur-rence,toxicity,speciation,mobility[J].Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica,2003,31(1):9-18.
[22] Etschmann B,Liu W H,Li K,et al.Enrichment of germanium and associated arsenic and tungsten in coal and roll-front uranium deposits[J].Chemical Geology,2017,463:29-49.
[23] Pumure I,Renton J J,Smart R B.The interstitial location of selenium and arsenic in rocks associated with coal mining using ultrasound extractions and principal component analysis (PCA)[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,198:151-158.
[24] 涂成龙,何令令,崔丽峰,等.氟的环境地球化学行为及其对生态环境的影响[J].应用生态学报,2019,30(1):21-29.
[25] 孙富民.山西省石炭-二叠纪主采煤层中氟元素的含量与分布特征[J].中国煤炭地质,2018,30(8):13-17.
[26] 张尊干,李衍方,倪琳,等.徐州煤中氟的含量分布及赋存状态研究[J].中国煤炭,2018,25(8):153-157.