基于“活力—组织力—恢复力—贡献力”框架的广州市生态系统健康评估
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摘要
健康的生态系统保障着人类的可持续发展,城市生态系统健康状态可以作为城市可持续发展的重要监测指标。本研究以"活力—组织力—恢复力—贡献力"为评估框架,构建城市生态系统健康评估指标体系,并以乡镇(街道)为研究单元、基于二级地类对广州市2000、2005、2010、2015年生态系统健康进行动态评估。结果表明:2015年,"健康"、"较健康"的乡镇(街道)数量占比不到1/5,市域生态系统健康状况整体不容乐观; 2000—2015年,近3/4的乡镇(街道)生态系统健康等级未改变,"显著增强"、"显著减弱"的乡镇(街道)均只占1%,"增强"、"减弱"的乡镇(街道)则分别占5%、20%;从因子主导性来看,研究时段内无因子主导乡镇(街道)的数量基本不变,单因子、双因子主导的显著增加,三因子、四因子主导的趋于减少;整体而言,2000—2015年广州市生态系统活力有所提升但恢复力明显下降,生态系统健康整体呈现下降趋势,不利于城市生态系统可持续发展。
A healthy ecosystem underpins the sustainable development of human.The health condition of an urban ecosystem can be used as an important monitoring index for assessing the sustainable development of a city.In this study,the assessment index system for ecosystem health was established under a framework of vigor,organization,resilience and contribution.The township was used as a spatial unit,and the ecosystem health of Guangzhou City was evaluated based on land use data(level II) in 2000,2005,2010,and 2015.The results showed that the overall health condition of the ecosystem was not optimistic in Guangzhou City.Less than 1/5 of the towns were healthy and relatively healthy in 2015.From 2000 to 2015,the healthy levels of 75%towns remained constant(with no improvement).The towns with significant enhancement or significant deterioration each accounted for only 1% of the total.The towns with enhancement and deterioration were 5% and 20%,respectively.During the study period,the numbers of towns dominated by single-factor and double-factor increased,while this value for three-factor or fourfactor decreased.Meanwhile,the number of towns dominated by non-factor remained stable.Generally,the vigor of ecosystem of Guangzhou City had been improved but its resilience had obviously decreased from 2000 to 2015.The health condition of the whole ecosystem showed a downward trend,which was not conducive to the sustainable development of the urban ecosystem.
A healthy ecosystem underpins the sustainable development of human.The health condition of an urban ecosystem can be used as an important monitoring index for assessing the sustainable development of a city.In this study,the assessment index system for ecosystem health was established under a framework of vigor,organization,resilience and contribution.The township was used as a spatial unit,and the ecosystem health of Guangzhou City was evaluated based on land use data(level II) in 2000,2005,2010,and 2015.The results showed that the overall health condition of the ecosystem was not optimistic in Guangzhou City.Less than 1/5 of the towns were healthy and relatively healthy in 2015.From 2000 to 2015,the healthy levels of 75%towns remained constant(with no improvement).The towns with significant enhancement or significant deterioration each accounted for only 1% of the total.The towns with enhancement and deterioration were 5% and 20%,respectively.During the study period,the numbers of towns dominated by single-factor and double-factor increased,while this value for three-factor or fourfactor decreased.Meanwhile,the number of towns dominated by non-factor remained stable.Generally,the vigor of ecosystem of Guangzhou City had been improved but its resilience had obviously decreased from 2000 to 2015.The health condition of the whole ecosystem showed a downward trend,which was not conducive to the sustainable development of the urban ecosystem.
引文
曹祺文,卫晓梅,吴健生.2016.生态系统服务权衡与协同研究进展.生态学杂志,35(11):3102-3111.
陈克龙,苏茂新,李双成,等.2010.西宁市城市生态系统健康评价.地理研究,29(2):214-222.
李伟峰,欧阳志云.2007.城市生态系统的格局和过程.生态环境,16(2):672-679.
李丽,王心源,骆磊,等.2018.生态系统服务价值评估方法综述.生态学杂志,37(4):1233-1245.
郦天昳,彭建,刘焱序,等.2017.基于集对分析的区域生态文化健康评价---以云南省大理白族自治州为例.地理科学进展,36(10):1270-1280.
刘焱序,彭建,汪安,等.2015.生态系统健康研究进展.生态学报,35(18):5920-5930.
马克明,孔红梅,关文彬,等.2001.生态系统健康评价:方法与方向.生态学报,21(12):2106-2116.
孟伟庆,李洪远.2011.基于模糊综合评价模型的天津滨海新区城市生态系统健康评估.生态经济,(9):174-177.
欧阳志云,王如松.2000.生态系统服务功能、生态价值与可持续发展.世界科技研究与发展,22(5):45-50.
彭建,王仰麟,吴健生,等.2007.区域生态系统健康评价---研究方法与进展.生态学报,27(11):4877-4885.
朴世龙,方精云,郭庆华.2001.利用CASA模型估算我国植被净第一性生产力.植物生态学报,25(5):603-608.
魏婷,朱晓东,李杨帆.2008.基于突变级数法的厦门城市生态系统健康评价.生态学报,28(12):6312-6320.
谢高地,张彩霞,张雷明,等.2015.基于单位面积价值当量因子的生态系统服务价值化方法改进.自然资源学报,30(8):1243-1254.
徐丽芬,许学工,罗涛,等.2012.基于土地利用的生态系统服务价值当量修订方法---以渤海湾沿岸为例.地理研究,31(10):1775-1784.
曾辉,陈利顶,丁圣彦.2017.景观生态学.北京:高等教育出版社.
张捷,景守武.2018.改革开放以来广州市生态文明建设经验总结.城市观察,(3):61-72.
赵玉涛,余新晓,关文彬.2002.景观异质性研究评述.应用生态学报,13(4):495-500.
周文华,王如松.2005.基于熵权的北京城市生态系统健康模糊综合评价.生态学报,25(12):3244-3251.
周阳品,王雪娜,黄光庆.2010.基于环境库兹涅茨曲线分析的广州城市环境发展趋势探讨.热带地理,30(5):491-495.
朱文泉,潘耀忠,张锦水.2007.中国陆地植被净初级生产力遥感估算.植物生态学报,31(3):413-424.
朱建刚,余新晓,甘敬,等.2010.生态系统健康研究的一些基本问题探讨.生态学杂志,29(1):98-105.
Costanza R,Norton BG,Haskell BD.1992.Ecosystem health:New goals for environmental management.Washington,DC:Island Press.
Costanza R.2012.Ecosystem health and ecological engineering.Ecological Engineering,45:4-29.
Liu GY,Yang ZF,Chen B,et al.2008.Emergy-based urban ecosystem health assessment:A case study of Baotou,China.Communications in Nonlinear Science&Numerical Simulation,14:972-981.
Peng J,Liu YX,Li TY,et al.2017.Regional ecosystem health response to rural land use change:A case study in Lijiang City,China.Ecological Indicators,72:399-410.
Peng J,Liu YX,Wu JS,et al.2015.Linking ecosystem services and landscape patterns to assess urban ecosystem health:A case study in Shenzhen City,China.Landscape and Urban Planning,143:56-68.
Peng J,Wang YL,Wu JS,et al.2011.Research progress on evaluation frameworks of regional ecological sustainability.Chinese Geographical Science,21:496-510.
Rapport DJ,Bohm G,Buckingham D,et al.1999.Ecosystem health:The concept,the ISEH,and the important tasks ahead.Ecosystem Health,5:82-90.
Rapport DJ,Costanza R,McMichael AJ.1998.Assessing ecosystem health.Trends in Ecology&Evolution,13:397-402.
Rapport DJ,Hilden M.2013.An evolving role for ecological indicators:From documenting ecological conditions to monitoring drivers and policy responses.Ecological Indicators,28:10-15.
Rapport DJ,Maffi L.2011.Eco-cultural health,global health,and sustainability.Ecological Research,26:1039-1049.
Rapport DJ.1989.What constitutes ecosystem health.Perspectives in Biology and Medicine,33:120-132.
Rapport DJ.1995.Ecosystem services and management options as blanket indicators of ecosystem health.Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Health,4:97-105.
Turner MG.1989.Landscape ecology:The effect of pattern on process.Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,20:171-197.
Vilchek GE.1998.Ecosystem health,landscape vulnerability,and environmental risk assessment.Ecosystem Health,4:52-60.
陈克龙,苏茂新,李双成,等.2010.西宁市城市生态系统健康评价.地理研究,29(2):214-222.
李伟峰,欧阳志云.2007.城市生态系统的格局和过程.生态环境,16(2):672-679.
李丽,王心源,骆磊,等.2018.生态系统服务价值评估方法综述.生态学杂志,37(4):1233-1245.
郦天昳,彭建,刘焱序,等.2017.基于集对分析的区域生态文化健康评价---以云南省大理白族自治州为例.地理科学进展,36(10):1270-1280.
刘焱序,彭建,汪安,等.2015.生态系统健康研究进展.生态学报,35(18):5920-5930.
马克明,孔红梅,关文彬,等.2001.生态系统健康评价:方法与方向.生态学报,21(12):2106-2116.
孟伟庆,李洪远.2011.基于模糊综合评价模型的天津滨海新区城市生态系统健康评估.生态经济,(9):174-177.
欧阳志云,王如松.2000.生态系统服务功能、生态价值与可持续发展.世界科技研究与发展,22(5):45-50.
彭建,王仰麟,吴健生,等.2007.区域生态系统健康评价---研究方法与进展.生态学报,27(11):4877-4885.
朴世龙,方精云,郭庆华.2001.利用CASA模型估算我国植被净第一性生产力.植物生态学报,25(5):603-608.
魏婷,朱晓东,李杨帆.2008.基于突变级数法的厦门城市生态系统健康评价.生态学报,28(12):6312-6320.
谢高地,张彩霞,张雷明,等.2015.基于单位面积价值当量因子的生态系统服务价值化方法改进.自然资源学报,30(8):1243-1254.
徐丽芬,许学工,罗涛,等.2012.基于土地利用的生态系统服务价值当量修订方法---以渤海湾沿岸为例.地理研究,31(10):1775-1784.
曾辉,陈利顶,丁圣彦.2017.景观生态学.北京:高等教育出版社.
张捷,景守武.2018.改革开放以来广州市生态文明建设经验总结.城市观察,(3):61-72.
赵玉涛,余新晓,关文彬.2002.景观异质性研究评述.应用生态学报,13(4):495-500.
周文华,王如松.2005.基于熵权的北京城市生态系统健康模糊综合评价.生态学报,25(12):3244-3251.
周阳品,王雪娜,黄光庆.2010.基于环境库兹涅茨曲线分析的广州城市环境发展趋势探讨.热带地理,30(5):491-495.
朱文泉,潘耀忠,张锦水.2007.中国陆地植被净初级生产力遥感估算.植物生态学报,31(3):413-424.
朱建刚,余新晓,甘敬,等.2010.生态系统健康研究的一些基本问题探讨.生态学杂志,29(1):98-105.
Costanza R,Norton BG,Haskell BD.1992.Ecosystem health:New goals for environmental management.Washington,DC:Island Press.
Costanza R.2012.Ecosystem health and ecological engineering.Ecological Engineering,45:4-29.
Liu GY,Yang ZF,Chen B,et al.2008.Emergy-based urban ecosystem health assessment:A case study of Baotou,China.Communications in Nonlinear Science&Numerical Simulation,14:972-981.
Peng J,Liu YX,Li TY,et al.2017.Regional ecosystem health response to rural land use change:A case study in Lijiang City,China.Ecological Indicators,72:399-410.
Peng J,Liu YX,Wu JS,et al.2015.Linking ecosystem services and landscape patterns to assess urban ecosystem health:A case study in Shenzhen City,China.Landscape and Urban Planning,143:56-68.
Peng J,Wang YL,Wu JS,et al.2011.Research progress on evaluation frameworks of regional ecological sustainability.Chinese Geographical Science,21:496-510.
Rapport DJ,Bohm G,Buckingham D,et al.1999.Ecosystem health:The concept,the ISEH,and the important tasks ahead.Ecosystem Health,5:82-90.
Rapport DJ,Costanza R,McMichael AJ.1998.Assessing ecosystem health.Trends in Ecology&Evolution,13:397-402.
Rapport DJ,Hilden M.2013.An evolving role for ecological indicators:From documenting ecological conditions to monitoring drivers and policy responses.Ecological Indicators,28:10-15.
Rapport DJ,Maffi L.2011.Eco-cultural health,global health,and sustainability.Ecological Research,26:1039-1049.
Rapport DJ.1989.What constitutes ecosystem health.Perspectives in Biology and Medicine,33:120-132.
Rapport DJ.1995.Ecosystem services and management options as blanket indicators of ecosystem health.Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Health,4:97-105.
Turner MG.1989.Landscape ecology:The effect of pattern on process.Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,20:171-197.
Vilchek GE.1998.Ecosystem health,landscape vulnerability,and environmental risk assessment.Ecosystem Health,4:52-60.