Impact of one satellite outage on ARAIM depleted constellation configurations
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摘要
Advanced Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring(ARAIM) is a new technology that will provide worldwide coverage of vertical guidance in aviation navigation. The ARAIM performance and improvement under depleted constellations is a practical problem that needs to be faced and researched further. It is a shortcut that improves the availability in position domain whose key idea is to replace the conventional least squares process with a non-least-squares estimator to lower the integrity risk in exchange for a slight increase in nominal position error. The contributions given in this paper include two parts: First, the impacts of one satellite outage on different constellations are analyzed and compared. The conclusion is that GPS is more sensitive and vulnerable to one satellite outage. Second, a constellation weighted ARAIM(CW-ARAIM)position estimator is proposed. The position solution is replaced by a constellation weighted average solution to eliminate the constellation difference. The new solution will move close to the constellation solutions with respect to the accuracy requirement. The simulation results under baseline GPS and Galileo dual-constellation show that the one GPS satellite outage will knock the availability from 91% to only 50%. The performance remains stable with one Galileo satellite outage. With the assistance of the CW-ARAIM method, the availability can increase from 50% to more than80% under depleted GPS configurations. Even without any satellite outage, the proposed method can effectively improve the availability from 91.29% to 98.75%. The test results under optimistic constellations further verify that a balanced constellation is more important than more satellites on orbit and the superiority of CW-ARAIM method is still effective.
Advanced Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring(ARAIM) is a new technology that will provide worldwide coverage of vertical guidance in aviation navigation. The ARAIM performance and improvement under depleted constellations is a practical problem that needs to be faced and researched further. It is a shortcut that improves the availability in position domain whose key idea is to replace the conventional least squares process with a non-least-squares estimator to lower the integrity risk in exchange for a slight increase in nominal position error. The contributions given in this paper include two parts: First, the impacts of one satellite outage on different constellations are analyzed and compared. The conclusion is that GPS is more sensitive and vulnerable to one satellite outage. Second, a constellation weighted ARAIM(CW-ARAIM)position estimator is proposed. The position solution is replaced by a constellation weighted average solution to eliminate the constellation difference. The new solution will move close to the constellation solutions with respect to the accuracy requirement. The simulation results under baseline GPS and Galileo dual-constellation show that the one GPS satellite outage will knock the availability from 91% to only 50%. The performance remains stable with one Galileo satellite outage. With the assistance of the CW-ARAIM method, the availability can increase from 50% to more than80% under depleted GPS configurations. Even without any satellite outage, the proposed method can effectively improve the availability from 91.29% to 98.75%. The test results under optimistic constellations further verify that a balanced constellation is more important than more satellites on orbit and the superiority of CW-ARAIM method is still effective.
Advanced Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring(ARAIM) is a new technology that will provide worldwide coverage of vertical guidance in aviation navigation. The ARAIM performance and improvement under depleted constellations is a practical problem that needs to be faced and researched further. It is a shortcut that improves the availability in position domain whose key idea is to replace the conventional least squares process with a non-least-squares estimator to lower the integrity risk in exchange for a slight increase in nominal position error. The contributions given in this paper include two parts: First, the impacts of one satellite outage on different constellations are analyzed and compared. The conclusion is that GPS is more sensitive and vulnerable to one satellite outage. Second, a constellation weighted ARAIM(CW-ARAIM)position estimator is proposed. The position solution is replaced by a constellation weighted average solution to eliminate the constellation difference. The new solution will move close to the constellation solutions with respect to the accuracy requirement. The simulation results under baseline GPS and Galileo dual-constellation show that the one GPS satellite outage will knock the availability from 91% to only 50%. The performance remains stable with one Galileo satellite outage. With the assistance of the CW-ARAIM method, the availability can increase from 50% to more than80% under depleted GPS configurations. Even without any satellite outage, the proposed method can effectively improve the availability from 91.29% to 98.75%. The test results under optimistic constellations further verify that a balanced constellation is more important than more satellites on orbit and the superiority of CW-ARAIM method is still effective.
引文
1.Feng SJ,Ochieng WY.An efficient worst user location algorithm for the generation of the Galileo Integrity Flag.J Navigation2006;59(3):381-94.
2.Liu J,Gu D,Ju B,Yao J,Duan X,Yi D.Basic performance of BeiDou-2 navigation satellite system used in LEO satellites precise orbit determination.Chin J Aeronaut 2014;27(5):1251-8.
3.China Satellite Navigation Office.BeiDou navigation satellite system signal in space interface control document open service signal B1C(Version 1.0).Beijing:China Satellite Navigation Office;2017.
4.Li MZ,Ryerson MS.A data-driven approach to modeling highdensity terminal areas:A scenario analysis of the new Beijing,China airspace.Chin J Aeronaut 2017;30(2):538-53.
5.Murrieta-Mendoza A,Beuze B,Ternisien L,Botez RM.New reference trajectory optimization algorithm for a flight management system inspired in beam search.Chin J Aeronaut 2017;30(4):1459-72.
6.Cassel R.Real-time ARAIM using GPS,GLONASS,and GALILEO[Dissertation].Chicago:Illinois Institute of Technology;2017.
7.Working Group C.ARAIM technical subgroup milestone 3report.EU-U.S:Cooperation on Satellite Navigation;2016.
8.Blanch J,Walker T,Enge P.Baseline advanced RAIM user algorithm and possible improvements.IEEE Trans Aerosp Electron Syst 2015;51(1):713-32.
9.Perea S,Meurer M,Rippl M,Belabbas B,Joerger M.URA/SISAanalysis for GPS and Galileo to support ARAIM.Navigation2017;64(2):237-54.
10.El-Mowafy A.Advanced receiver autonomous integrity monitoring using triple frequency data with a focus on treatment of biases.Adv Space Res 2017;59(8):2148-57.
11.Schmidt GT.Navigation sensors and systems in GNSS degraded and denied environments.Chin J Aeronaut 2015;28(1):1-10.
12.Joerger M,Pervan B.Fault detection and exclusion using solution separation and chi-squared ARAIM.IEEE Trans Aerosp Electron Syst 2016;52(2):726-42.
13.Working Group C.ARAIM technical subgroup milestone 2report.EU-U.S.:Cooperation on Satellite Navigation;2015.
14.Sun Y,Zhang J,Xue R.Leveraged fault identification method for receiver autonomous integrity monitoring.Chin J Aeronaut2015;28(4):1217-25.
15.Jiang Y,Wang J.A-RAIM and R-RAIM performance using the classic and MHSS methods.J Navigation 2014;67(1):49-61.
16.Hwang PY,Brown RG.RAIM-FDE Revisited:A new breakthrough in availability performance with nio RAIM(novel integrity-optimized RAIM).Navigation 2006;53(1):41-51.
17.Lee Y.Two new RAIM methods based on the optimally weighted average solution(OWAS)concept.Navigation 2007;54(4):333-45.
18.Kropp V,Eissfeller B,Berz G.Optimized MHSS ARAIM user algorithms:Assumptions,protection level calculation and availability analysis.Proceedings of IEEE/ION PLANS 2014;2014May 5-8;Monterey,CA,USA.Manassas,VA:Institute of Navigation,2014.p.308-23.
19.Zhai YW,Kiarash S,Jamoom M,Joerger M,Pervan B.ADedicated ARAIM Ground Monitor to Validate the Integrity Support Message.Proceedings of ION GNSS+2017;2017 Sep 25-29;Portland,Oregon,USA.Manassas,VA:Institute of Navigation,2017.p.1063-76.
20.Blanch J,Walter T,Enge P.Optimal positioning for advanced RAIM.Navigation 2013;60(4):279-89.
21.Joerger M,Langel S,Pervan B.Integrity risk minimization in RAIM Part 2:Optimal estimator design.J Navigation 2016;69(4):709-28.
22.Blanch J,Walter T,Enge P,Kropp V.A simple position estimator that improves advanced RAIM performance.IEEE Trans Aerosp Electron Syst 2015;51(3):2485-9.
23.Meng Q,Liu JY,Zeng QH,Feng SJ,Chen RZ.NeumannHoffman code evasion and stripping method for BeiDou softwaredefined receiver.J Navigation 2017;70(1):101-19.
24.Meng Q,Liu JY,Feng SJ,Zeng QH,Xu R.An unaided scheme for BeiDou weak signal acquisition.Proceedings of ION GNSS+2017;2017 Sep 25-29;Portland,Oregon,USA.Manassas,VA:Institute of Navigation,2017.p.3718-30.
25.Mozo-Garc?a A,Herraiz-Monseco E,Mart?n-Peiro AB,Romay Merino MM.Galileo constellation design.GPS Solutions 2001;4(4):9-15.
26.Lee Y,Bian,B.Advanced RAIM performance sensitivity to deviation of ISM parameter values.Proceedings of ION GNSS+2017;2017 Sep 25-29;Portland,Oregon,USA.Manassas,VA:Institute of Navigation,2017.p.2338-58.
27.Walter T,Blanch J,Enge P.Reduced subset analysis for multiconstellation ARAIM.Proceedings of ION ITM 2014;2014 Jan27-29;San Diego,California,USA.Manassas,VA:Institute of Navigation,2014.p.89-98.
2.Liu J,Gu D,Ju B,Yao J,Duan X,Yi D.Basic performance of BeiDou-2 navigation satellite system used in LEO satellites precise orbit determination.Chin J Aeronaut 2014;27(5):1251-8.
3.China Satellite Navigation Office.BeiDou navigation satellite system signal in space interface control document open service signal B1C(Version 1.0).Beijing:China Satellite Navigation Office;2017.
4.Li MZ,Ryerson MS.A data-driven approach to modeling highdensity terminal areas:A scenario analysis of the new Beijing,China airspace.Chin J Aeronaut 2017;30(2):538-53.
5.Murrieta-Mendoza A,Beuze B,Ternisien L,Botez RM.New reference trajectory optimization algorithm for a flight management system inspired in beam search.Chin J Aeronaut 2017;30(4):1459-72.
6.Cassel R.Real-time ARAIM using GPS,GLONASS,and GALILEO[Dissertation].Chicago:Illinois Institute of Technology;2017.
7.Working Group C.ARAIM technical subgroup milestone 3report.EU-U.S:Cooperation on Satellite Navigation;2016.
8.Blanch J,Walker T,Enge P.Baseline advanced RAIM user algorithm and possible improvements.IEEE Trans Aerosp Electron Syst 2015;51(1):713-32.
9.Perea S,Meurer M,Rippl M,Belabbas B,Joerger M.URA/SISAanalysis for GPS and Galileo to support ARAIM.Navigation2017;64(2):237-54.
10.El-Mowafy A.Advanced receiver autonomous integrity monitoring using triple frequency data with a focus on treatment of biases.Adv Space Res 2017;59(8):2148-57.
11.Schmidt GT.Navigation sensors and systems in GNSS degraded and denied environments.Chin J Aeronaut 2015;28(1):1-10.
12.Joerger M,Pervan B.Fault detection and exclusion using solution separation and chi-squared ARAIM.IEEE Trans Aerosp Electron Syst 2016;52(2):726-42.
13.Working Group C.ARAIM technical subgroup milestone 2report.EU-U.S.:Cooperation on Satellite Navigation;2015.
14.Sun Y,Zhang J,Xue R.Leveraged fault identification method for receiver autonomous integrity monitoring.Chin J Aeronaut2015;28(4):1217-25.
15.Jiang Y,Wang J.A-RAIM and R-RAIM performance using the classic and MHSS methods.J Navigation 2014;67(1):49-61.
16.Hwang PY,Brown RG.RAIM-FDE Revisited:A new breakthrough in availability performance with nio RAIM(novel integrity-optimized RAIM).Navigation 2006;53(1):41-51.
17.Lee Y.Two new RAIM methods based on the optimally weighted average solution(OWAS)concept.Navigation 2007;54(4):333-45.
18.Kropp V,Eissfeller B,Berz G.Optimized MHSS ARAIM user algorithms:Assumptions,protection level calculation and availability analysis.Proceedings of IEEE/ION PLANS 2014;2014May 5-8;Monterey,CA,USA.Manassas,VA:Institute of Navigation,2014.p.308-23.
19.Zhai YW,Kiarash S,Jamoom M,Joerger M,Pervan B.ADedicated ARAIM Ground Monitor to Validate the Integrity Support Message.Proceedings of ION GNSS+2017;2017 Sep 25-29;Portland,Oregon,USA.Manassas,VA:Institute of Navigation,2017.p.1063-76.
20.Blanch J,Walter T,Enge P.Optimal positioning for advanced RAIM.Navigation 2013;60(4):279-89.
21.Joerger M,Langel S,Pervan B.Integrity risk minimization in RAIM Part 2:Optimal estimator design.J Navigation 2016;69(4):709-28.
22.Blanch J,Walter T,Enge P,Kropp V.A simple position estimator that improves advanced RAIM performance.IEEE Trans Aerosp Electron Syst 2015;51(3):2485-9.
23.Meng Q,Liu JY,Zeng QH,Feng SJ,Chen RZ.NeumannHoffman code evasion and stripping method for BeiDou softwaredefined receiver.J Navigation 2017;70(1):101-19.
24.Meng Q,Liu JY,Feng SJ,Zeng QH,Xu R.An unaided scheme for BeiDou weak signal acquisition.Proceedings of ION GNSS+2017;2017 Sep 25-29;Portland,Oregon,USA.Manassas,VA:Institute of Navigation,2017.p.3718-30.
25.Mozo-Garc?a A,Herraiz-Monseco E,Mart?n-Peiro AB,Romay Merino MM.Galileo constellation design.GPS Solutions 2001;4(4):9-15.
26.Lee Y,Bian,B.Advanced RAIM performance sensitivity to deviation of ISM parameter values.Proceedings of ION GNSS+2017;2017 Sep 25-29;Portland,Oregon,USA.Manassas,VA:Institute of Navigation,2017.p.2338-58.
27.Walter T,Blanch J,Enge P.Reduced subset analysis for multiconstellation ARAIM.Proceedings of ION ITM 2014;2014 Jan27-29;San Diego,California,USA.Manassas,VA:Institute of Navigation,2014.p.89-98.