WS_2颗粒尺寸对放电等离子烧结Cu-WS_2复合材料力学和摩擦学性能的影响（英文）
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摘要
以2种不同尺寸0.6和5.0μm WS_2和Cu粉为原材料,采用放电等离子烧结技术制备Cu-WS_2复合材料,研究WS_2钨颗粒尺寸对复合材料力学和摩擦学性能的影响规律。结果表明:Cu-WS_2复合材料的抗弯强度和摩擦学性能受WS_2颗粒尺寸的影响较大;以5.0μm WS_2颗粒为润滑相的Cu-WS_2复合材料的抗弯强度为292.2 MPa;而当WS_2润滑相尺寸降低到0.6μm时,复合材料的抗弯强度降低到181.5 MPa。摩擦磨损试验结果表明:当润滑相WS_2颗粒尺寸从5.0μm降到0.6μm时,Cu-WS_2复合材料的磨损率从2.99×10~(-14)m~3/(N·m)增大到6.13×10~(-14)m~3/(N·m),且摩擦因数从0.158增大到0.172。WS_2颗粒尺寸对转移膜的形成具有重要的影响,含较大尺寸WS_2润滑相的Cu-WS_2复合材料更易在对偶盘上形成平滑且连续的转移层,这大大降低了复合材料磨损率和摩擦因数。
The mechanical properties and tribological behaviors of Cu-WS_2 composites fabricated by spark plasma sintering(SPS) using two different WS_2 particle sizes of 0.6 and 5.0 μm and Cu powders as raw materials were investigated. The results indicate that the bending strength and tribological behavior of Cu-WS_2 composites are greatly affected by the size of WS_2 particles. The bending strength of Cu-WS_2 composites with the WS_2 particle size of 5.0 μm is 292.2 MPa. As the size of WS_2 particle decreases to 0.6 μm, the bending strength also decreases to 181.5 MPa. Moreover, as the WS_2 particle size decreases from 5.0 to 0.6 μm, the wear rate of Cu-WS_2 composite sharply increases from 2.99×10~(-14) to 6.13×10~(-14) m~3/(N·m) and its friction coefficient increases from 0.158 to 0.172. The size of WS_2 particle(5.0 μm) plays an important role in forming transfer film formed on the counter-face. The sample with 5.0 μm WS_2 particle forms smoother and more continuous transfer film, which results in a low wear rate and friction coefficient of the Cu-WS_2 composites.
The mechanical properties and tribological behaviors of Cu-WS_2 composites fabricated by spark plasma sintering(SPS) using two different WS_2 particle sizes of 0.6 and 5.0 μm and Cu powders as raw materials were investigated. The results indicate that the bending strength and tribological behavior of Cu-WS_2 composites are greatly affected by the size of WS_2 particles. The bending strength of Cu-WS_2 composites with the WS_2 particle size of 5.0 μm is 292.2 MPa. As the size of WS_2 particle decreases to 0.6 μm, the bending strength also decreases to 181.5 MPa. Moreover, as the WS_2 particle size decreases from 5.0 to 0.6 μm, the wear rate of Cu-WS_2 composite sharply increases from 2.99×10~(-14) to 6.13×10~(-14) m~3/(N·m) and its friction coefficient increases from 0.158 to 0.172. The size of WS_2 particle(5.0 μm) plays an important role in forming transfer film formed on the counter-face. The sample with 5.0 μm WS_2 particle forms smoother and more continuous transfer film, which results in a low wear rate and friction coefficient of the Cu-WS_2 composites.
引文
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[21]ZHOU Guang-wen,YANG J C.Temperature effect on the Cu2O oxide morphology created by oxidation of Cu(001)as investigated by in situ UHV TEM[J].Applied Surface Science,2003,210:165-170.
[22]XU Yu-xi,HONG Wen-jing,BAI Hua,LI Chun,SHI Gao-quan.Strong and ductile poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide composite films with a layered structure[J].Carbon,2009,47:3538-3543.
[23]ZHANG Lei,XIAO Jin-kun,ZHOU Ke-chao.Sliding wear behavior of silver–molybdenum disulfide composite[J].Tribology Transactions,2012,55:473-480.
[24]SCHARF T W,PRASAD S V.Solid lubricants:A review[J].Journal of Materials Science,2013,48:511-531.
[25]PRASAD S V,ZABINSKI J S.Tribology of tungsten disulphide(WS2):Characterization of wear-induced transfer films[J].Journal of Materials Science Letters,1993,12:1413-1415.
[26]SLINEY H E.Solid lubricant materials for high temperatures:A review[J].Tribology International,1982,15:303-315.
[27]ZABINSKI J S,DONLEY M S,PRASAD S V,MCDEVITT N T.Synthesis and characterization of tungsten disulphide films grown by pulsed-laser deposition[J].Journal of Materials Science,1994,29:4834-4839.
[28]Fl EMING J R,SUH N P.The relationship between crack propagation rates and wear rates[J].Wear,1977,44:57-64.
[29]ZHANG J,ALPAS A T.Delamination wear in ductile materials containing second phase particles[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,1993,160:25-35.
[30]CHEN Wei,GAO Yi-min,WANG Yong,LI Huang-qiang.Tribological behavior of Si3N4-h BN ceramic materials without lubrication under different test modes[J].Tribology Transactions,2010,53:787-798.
[31]MA Wen-lin,LU Jin-jun.Effect of surface texture on transfer layer formation and tribological behaviour of copper–graphite composite[J].Wear,2011,270:218-229.
[32]CHEN Wu,WANG Yan,ZHANG Lei,ZHOU Ke-chao.The effect of hot extrusion on mechanical and tribological behavior of Ag-Cu/Mo S2 composites[J].Tribology Transactions,2015,59:1-36.
[33]CHEN Fan-yan,FENG Yi,SHAO Hao,ZHANG Xue-bin,CHEN Jie,CHEN Nan-nan.Friction and wear behaviors of Ag/Mo S2/G composite in different atmospheres and at different temperatures[J].Tribology Letters,2012,47:139-148.
[2]ZAHRAN R R,IBRAHIM I H M,SEDAHMED G H.The corrosion of graphite/copper composites in different aqueous environments[J].Materials Letters,1996,28:237-244.
[3]LI Jing-fu,ZHANG Lei,XIAO Jin-kun,ZHOU Ke-chao.Sliding wear behavior of copper-based composites reinforced with graphene nanosheets and graphite[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2015,25:3354-3362.
[4]MALLIKARJUNA H M,KASHYAP K T,KOPPAD P G,RAMESH C S,KESHAVAMURTHY R.Microstructure and dry sliding wear behavior of Cu-Sn alloy reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2016,26:1755-1764.
[5]QIAN Gang,FENG Yi,CHEN Fan-yan,LIU Wen-hong,ZHANG Xue-bin,LIU Yan-fang.Effect of current polarity on electrical sliding wear behavior of Cu-WS2-graphite-WS2 nanotube composites in air and vacuum conditions[J].Science China Technological Sciences,2013,56:2839-2846.
[6]QIAN Gang,FENG Yi,CHEN Yang-ming,MO Fei,WANG Yu-qing,LIU Wen-hong.Effect of WS2 addition on electrical sliding wear behaviors of Cu-graphite-WS2 composites[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2015,25:1986-1994.
[7]HUANG Shi-ying,FENG Yi,LIU Hong-juan,DING Ke-wang,QIAN Gang.Electrical sliding friction and wear properties of Cu-Mo S2-graphite-WS2 nanotubes composites in air and vacuum conditions[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2013,560:685-692.
[8]WONG K C,LU X,COTTER J,EADIE D T,WONG P C.Surface and friction characterization of Mo S2,and WS2,third body thin films under simulated wheel/rail rolling-sliding contact[J].Wear,2008,264:526-534.
[9]ZHAO Lin,YAO Ping-ping,XIAO Ye-long,TAN Hui-qiang,GONG Tai-min,ZHOU Hai-bin,ZUO Xiao-ting.Sintering behavior of WS2in Cu-based lead-free solid self-lubricating materials[J].Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy,2013,18:477-482.(in Chinese)
[10]CAO Hui-quan,QIAN Zhi-yuan,ZHANG Lei,XIAO Jin-kun,ZHOU Ke-chao.Tribological behavior of Cu matrix composites containing graphite and tungsten disulfide[J].Tribology Transactions,2014,57:1037-1043.
[11]XIAO Shu-long,TIAN Jing,XU Li-juan,CHEN Yu-yong,YU Hong-bao,HAN Jie-cai.Microstructures and mechanical properties of Ti Al alloy prepared by spark plasmas sintering[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2009,19:1423-1427.
[12]KOVá?IK J,?TEFAN EMMER,BIELEK J.Effect of composition on friction coefficient of Cu-graphite composites[J].Wear,2008,265:417-421.
[13]RAJKUMAR K,ARAVINDAN S.Tribological behavior of microwave processed copper-nanographite composites[J].Tribology International,2013,57:282-296.
[14]BRAVUNOVIC M,KONCHITS V V,MYSHKIN N K.Electrical contacts:Fundamentals,applications and technology[M].New York:CRC Press,2007.
[15]SARAVANAN S D,SENTHILKUMAR M,SHANKAR S.Effect of particle size on tribological behavior of rice husk ash-reinforced aluminum alloy(Al Si10Mg)matrix composites[J].Tribology Transactions,2013,56:1505-1513.
[16]MOUSTAFA S F,EL-BADRY S A,SANAD A M,KIEBACK B.Friction and wear of copper-graphite composites made with Cu-coated and uncoated graphite powders[J].Wear,2002,253:699-710.
[17]YASAR I,CANAKCI A,ARSLAN F.The effect of brush spring pressure on the wear behaviour of copper-graphite brushes with electrical current[J].Tribology International,2007,40:1381-1386.
[18]KESTURSATYA M,KIM J K,ROHATGI P K.Friction and wear behavior of a centrifugally cast lead-free copper alloy containing graphite particles[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2001,32:2115-2125.
[19]RAPOPORT L,FELDMAN Y,HOMYONFER M,COHEN H,SLOAN J,HUTCHISON J.Inorganic fullerene-like material as additives to lubricants:structure-function relationship[J].Wear,1999,225:975-982.
[20]JHA A K,PRASAD S V,UPADHYAYA G S.Dry sliding wear of sintered 6061 aluminium alloy-graphite particle composites[J].Tribology International,1989,22:321-327.
[21]ZHOU Guang-wen,YANG J C.Temperature effect on the Cu2O oxide morphology created by oxidation of Cu(001)as investigated by in situ UHV TEM[J].Applied Surface Science,2003,210:165-170.
[22]XU Yu-xi,HONG Wen-jing,BAI Hua,LI Chun,SHI Gao-quan.Strong and ductile poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide composite films with a layered structure[J].Carbon,2009,47:3538-3543.
[23]ZHANG Lei,XIAO Jin-kun,ZHOU Ke-chao.Sliding wear behavior of silver–molybdenum disulfide composite[J].Tribology Transactions,2012,55:473-480.
[24]SCHARF T W,PRASAD S V.Solid lubricants:A review[J].Journal of Materials Science,2013,48:511-531.
[25]PRASAD S V,ZABINSKI J S.Tribology of tungsten disulphide(WS2):Characterization of wear-induced transfer films[J].Journal of Materials Science Letters,1993,12:1413-1415.
[26]SLINEY H E.Solid lubricant materials for high temperatures:A review[J].Tribology International,1982,15:303-315.
[27]ZABINSKI J S,DONLEY M S,PRASAD S V,MCDEVITT N T.Synthesis and characterization of tungsten disulphide films grown by pulsed-laser deposition[J].Journal of Materials Science,1994,29:4834-4839.
[28]Fl EMING J R,SUH N P.The relationship between crack propagation rates and wear rates[J].Wear,1977,44:57-64.
[29]ZHANG J,ALPAS A T.Delamination wear in ductile materials containing second phase particles[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,1993,160:25-35.
[30]CHEN Wei,GAO Yi-min,WANG Yong,LI Huang-qiang.Tribological behavior of Si3N4-h BN ceramic materials without lubrication under different test modes[J].Tribology Transactions,2010,53:787-798.
[31]MA Wen-lin,LU Jin-jun.Effect of surface texture on transfer layer formation and tribological behaviour of copper–graphite composite[J].Wear,2011,270:218-229.
[32]CHEN Wu,WANG Yan,ZHANG Lei,ZHOU Ke-chao.The effect of hot extrusion on mechanical and tribological behavior of Ag-Cu/Mo S2 composites[J].Tribology Transactions,2015,59:1-36.
[33]CHEN Fan-yan,FENG Yi,SHAO Hao,ZHANG Xue-bin,CHEN Jie,CHEN Nan-nan.Friction and wear behaviors of Ag/Mo S2/G composite in different atmospheres and at different temperatures[J].Tribology Letters,2012,47:139-148.