MANETs中能量感知-低拥塞的动态源路由
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摘要
动态源路由(Dynamic Source Routing,DSR)是移动自组织网络(Mobile Ad-hoc Networks,MANETs)的典型路由。但是,DSR路由总是选择最短路径进行通信,导致网内流量的不平衡。为此,提出基于能量感知和低拥塞的DSR改进路由(Energy-aware and congestion-less-based DSR improved routing,EACL-DSR)。EACL-DSR路由在路由发现阶段同时考虑了拥塞率和能量效率,其目的在于降低拥塞概率,并依据节点能量和拥塞率这两项信息选择合适的下一跳转发节点,提高路由稳定性。仿真数据表明,提出EACL-DSR路由提高了数据包传递率和吞吐量。
Dynamic Source Routing( DSR) is one of the well-known protocols in MANETs. However,DSR opt for shortest paths for communication during the path selection process,which may lead to an unbalanced traffic flow across the network. Therefore,the DSR is improved,and Energy-aware and congestion-less-based DSR improved routing( EACL-DSR) is proposed in this paper. We consider routing in view of congestion and energy efficiency at the same time. The aim is to select a route to minimize the chances of congestion. The intelligent node selection process of ECL-DSR selects only suitable nodes in terms of energy and network load in order to improve the stability of routing. The simulation results show that the proposed routing protocol improve the packet delivery ratio and throughput.
Dynamic Source Routing( DSR) is one of the well-known protocols in MANETs. However,DSR opt for shortest paths for communication during the path selection process,which may lead to an unbalanced traffic flow across the network. Therefore,the DSR is improved,and Energy-aware and congestion-less-based DSR improved routing( EACL-DSR) is proposed in this paper. We consider routing in view of congestion and energy efficiency at the same time. The aim is to select a route to minimize the chances of congestion. The intelligent node selection process of ECL-DSR selects only suitable nodes in terms of energy and network load in order to improve the stability of routing. The simulation results show that the proposed routing protocol improve the packet delivery ratio and throughput.
引文
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[12]G.S.Tomar,L.Shrivastava and S.S.Bhadauria.Load balanced congestion adaptive routing for randomly distributed mobile adhoc networks[J].Wireless Personal Communiations,2014,77(4):2723-2733.
[13]G.Bella,G.Costantino,J.Crowcroft and S.Riccobene.Enhancing DSR maintenance with power awareness,”Computer Standards&Interfaces,2013,35(1):107-113.
[14]T.S.Kumrarn and V.Sankaranarayanan.Early congestion detection and adaptive routing in MANET[J].Egyptian Informatics Journal,2015,3(8):165-175.
[15]O.Souihli,M.Frikha and M.B.Hamouda.Load-balancing in MANET shortest-path routing protocols[J].Ad Hoc Networks,2016,7(2):431-442.
[16]M.A.Shah,G.Abbas,A.B.Dogar,and Z.Halim.Scaling hierarchical clustering and energy aware routing for sensor networks[J].Complex Adaptive Systems Modeling,2015,3(5):1-23.
[17]Z.Ali,Z.H.Abbas,and F.Y.Li.A stochastic routing algorithm in distributed Io T with unreliable wireless links[C].in Proc.Vehicular Technology Conference:VTC'16-Spring,15-18 May,Nanjing,China,2016:34-42.
[18]A.B.Altamimi and R.A.Ramadan,Towards internet of things modeling:a gateway approach[J].Complex A-daptive Systems Modeling,2016,4(25):1-11.
[2]杨彬,刘健,冯家刚.基于拓扑快速变化的OLSR改进路由协议研究[J].计算机工程与应用,201551(4):105-110.
[3]M.Conti and S.Giordano.Mobile ad hoc networking:milestones,challenges,and new research directions[J].IEEE Communications Magazine,2014,52(1):85-96.
[4]W.A.Jabbar,M.Ismail,R.Nordin,and S.Arif.Power-efficient routing schemes for MANETs:a survey and open issues Wireless Networks,2017,23(6):1917-1952.
[5]S.Glass,I.Mahgoub,M.Rathod,Leveraging MANETbased cooperative cache discovery techniques in VANETs:a survey and analysis[J].IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials,DOI 10.1109/COMST.2017.2707926,May 2017.
[6]A.Ali,G.A.Shah,and J.Arshad.Energy efficient techniques for M2M communication:A survey[J].Journal of Network and Computer Applications,2016,68(2):42-55.
[7]A.Khan,Q.T.Sun,Z.Mahmood,and A.U.Ghafoor.Energy efficient partial permutation encryption on network coded MANETs[J]Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering,2017,27(2):32-40.
[8]D.Johnson,Y.Hu,and D.Maltz.The dynamic source routing protocol(DSR)for mobile ad hoc networks for IPv4[C].IETF RFC 4728,February 2017.
[9]S.Chatterjee and S.Das.Ant colony optmization based enhanced dynamic source routing algorithm for mobile adhoc network[J].Information Sciences,2015,295(4):67-90.
[10]S.Rajawat,M.Kuri,A.Chaudhary and S.S.Choudhary.Effective congestion less dynamic source routing for data transmission in MANETs[C].in Proc.International Congress on Information and Communication Technology,ICICT'15,9-10 October,Rajasthan,2015:499-511.
[11]M.Naseem and C.Kumar.Congestion-aware Fibonacci sequence based multipath load balancing routing protocol for MANETs[J].Wireless Personal Communications,2015,84(4):2955-2974.
[12]G.S.Tomar,L.Shrivastava and S.S.Bhadauria.Load balanced congestion adaptive routing for randomly distributed mobile adhoc networks[J].Wireless Personal Communiations,2014,77(4):2723-2733.
[13]G.Bella,G.Costantino,J.Crowcroft and S.Riccobene.Enhancing DSR maintenance with power awareness,”Computer Standards&Interfaces,2013,35(1):107-113.
[14]T.S.Kumrarn and V.Sankaranarayanan.Early congestion detection and adaptive routing in MANET[J].Egyptian Informatics Journal,2015,3(8):165-175.
[15]O.Souihli,M.Frikha and M.B.Hamouda.Load-balancing in MANET shortest-path routing protocols[J].Ad Hoc Networks,2016,7(2):431-442.
[16]M.A.Shah,G.Abbas,A.B.Dogar,and Z.Halim.Scaling hierarchical clustering and energy aware routing for sensor networks[J].Complex Adaptive Systems Modeling,2015,3(5):1-23.
[17]Z.Ali,Z.H.Abbas,and F.Y.Li.A stochastic routing algorithm in distributed Io T with unreliable wireless links[C].in Proc.Vehicular Technology Conference:VTC'16-Spring,15-18 May,Nanjing,China,2016:34-42.
[18]A.B.Altamimi and R.A.Ramadan,Towards internet of things modeling:a gateway approach[J].Complex A-daptive Systems Modeling,2016,4(25):1-11.