表面放电等离子体产生冲击波特性
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摘要
采用压力传感器,分析XeF(C→A)激光器高电压表面放电光泵浦方式不同位置、不同放电电压条件下冲击波特性。研究结果表明,表面放电等离子体膨胀产生的冲击波持续时间为ms量级,在冲击波过后伴随有相对较弱的压力波。随着充电电压增加,放电过程释放能量增多,冲击波峰值压强也变大,最大压强可达1 MPa,同时冲击波峰值延后,冲击波持续时间变长。
The XeF(C→A)laser has many potential applications in laser underwater detecting due to the fact that its wavelength located in 450~520nm band is the best propagating window in atmosphere and sea.The technique of surface discharge optical pumping possesses many advantages,such as intense violet and vacuum-violet radiation,relatively low charge voltage,nonessential high current switch,high temperature and high repetition rate,and easy realization in technique.Therefore it becomes a highly efficient pumping for Xe(C→A)laser.Intense shockwave is generated during the expansion of plasma induced by surface discharge.The intense shockwave results in the turbulence of homogeneity and refractive index of active medium,and impacts on the output of XeF laser consequently.Therefore,it is important to study the properties of generation and propagation of the shockwave.By employing apressure sensor,properties of the shockwave measured at various spots and discharge voltages are analyzed.The results indicate that the duration of the shockwave,followed by a relatively weaker pressure wave,is in the ms range.The higher the charge voltage and the more the released energy,the higher the peak pressure of the shockwave with the maximum pressure of up to 1MPa,the more the peak position delayed,and the longer the duration.The research points out a direction for improving the output stability of XeF(C→A)laser at relatively high repetition rate.
The XeF(C→A)laser has many potential applications in laser underwater detecting due to the fact that its wavelength located in 450~520nm band is the best propagating window in atmosphere and sea.The technique of surface discharge optical pumping possesses many advantages,such as intense violet and vacuum-violet radiation,relatively low charge voltage,nonessential high current switch,high temperature and high repetition rate,and easy realization in technique.Therefore it becomes a highly efficient pumping for Xe(C→A)laser.Intense shockwave is generated during the expansion of plasma induced by surface discharge.The intense shockwave results in the turbulence of homogeneity and refractive index of active medium,and impacts on the output of XeF laser consequently.Therefore,it is important to study the properties of generation and propagation of the shockwave.By employing apressure sensor,properties of the shockwave measured at various spots and discharge voltages are analyzed.The results indicate that the duration of the shockwave,followed by a relatively weaker pressure wave,is in the ms range.The higher the charge voltage and the more the released energy,the higher the peak pressure of the shockwave with the maximum pressure of up to 1MPa,the more the peak position delayed,and the longer the duration.The research points out a direction for improving the output stability of XeF(C→A)laser at relatively high repetition rate.
引文
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[15]张冠军,赵文彬,郑楠,等.真空中固体绝缘沿面闪络现象的研究进展[J].高电压技术,2007,33(7):30-35.(Zhang Guanjun,Zhao Wenbin,Zheng Nan,et al.Research progress on surface flashover phenomena across solid insulation in vacuum.High Voltage Engineering,2007,33(7):30-35)
[16]Yu Li,Liu Jingru,Ma Lianying,et al.10Jenergy-level optically pumped XeF(C-A)laser with repetition mode[J].Optics Letters,2007,32(9):1087-1089
[17]Yu Li,Ma Lianying,Yi Aiping,et al.An optically pumped XeF(C-A)laser with repetitive rate of 10Hz[J].Review of Scientific Instruments,2012,83:013107.
[18]Yu Li,Ma Lianying,Yi Aiping,et al.Study on the technology of the high power XeF(C-A)laser with repetition mode[C]//Proc of SPIE.2012:879623.
[19]朱峰,沈炎龙,于力,等.棱镜色散腔XeF(C—A)蓝绿激光线宽压缩[J].强激光与粒子束,2013,25(4):863-866.(Zhu Feng,Shen Yanlong,Yu Li,et al.Spectral narrowing of XeF(C-A)blue-green lasers using prism dispersive resonator.High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2013,25(4):863-866)
[20]周强,王俊波,邱荣,等.冲击波在空气和熔石英元件界面传播的超快诊断[J].强激光与粒子束,2014,26:012010.(Zhou Qiang,Wang Junbo,Qiu Rong,et al.Ultrafast diagnosis of shockwave propagation in air and fused silica interface.High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2014,26:012010)
[21]姚兵,王甦,曹雁,等.激光脉冲和放电脉冲产生冲击波的研究[J].激光技术,2000,24(1):12-14.(Yao Bing,Wang Su,Cao Yan,et al.Combined effect of shock waves induced by laser pulse and discharge pulse.Laser Technology,2000,24(1):12-14)
[22]Shen Yanlong.Zhu Feng,Yu Li.Theoretical and experimental studies of directivity of sound field generated by pulsed laser induced breakdown in liquid water[C]//Proc of SPIE.2012:879614.
[23]宋博岩,郭金全,胡富强,等.难加工材料的电火花加工脉冲电源研究[J].电加工与模具,2006(5):17-21.(Song Boyan,Guo Jinquan,Hu Fuqiang,et al.The research of EDM pulse generator for difficult-to-cut materials.Electronic Processing and Mode,2006(5):17-21)
[24]王庆峰,刘庆想,张政权,等.环形脉冲变压器分布电容优化设计及实验[J].强激光与粒子束,2014,26:045048.(Wang Qingfeng,Liu Qingxiang,Zhang Zhengquan,et al.Design optimization and experimental study on stray capacitances of annular pulse transformer.High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2014,26:045048)
[25]Vogel A,Busch S,Parlitz U.Shockwave emission and cavitation bubble generation by picosecond and nanosecond optical breakdown in water[J].Journal of the Acoustictcal Society of America,1996,100(1):148-165.
[2]于力,张永生,刘晶儒,等.光抽运XeF(C-A)蓝绿激光器[J].中国激光,2001,28(3):205-208.(Yu Li,Zhang Yongsheng,Liu Jingru,et al.Optically pumped blue-green XeF(C-A)laser.Chinese Journal of Lasers,2001,28(3):205-208)
[3]SentisM L,Tcheremiskine V I,Delaporte Ph C.XeF(C-A)laser pumped by formed-ferrite open discharge radiation[J].Applied Physics Letters,1997,70(10):1198-1200.
[4]Knecht B A,Fraser R D,Wheeler D J,et al.Compact XeF(C-A)and iodine laser optically pumped by a surface discharge[J].Optics Letters,1995,20(9):1011-1013
[5]胡志云,刘晶儒,于力,等.用于抽运XeF(C-A)激光的分段表面放电辐射源[J].中国激光,2001,28(7):629-633.(Hu Zhiyun,Liu Jingru,Yu Li,et al.Sectioned surface discharge for pumping XeF(C-A)laser.Chinese Journal of Lasers,2001,28(7):629-633)
[6]Teramoto Y,Kim H H,Ogata A,et al.Measurement of OH(X2)in immediate vicinity of dielectric surface under pulsed dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure using two geometries of laser-induced fluorescence[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2014,115:133302.
[7]Zhao H,Yan X A,Wu S,et al.Generation of reactive oxygen species by surface discharge plasma for enhancing the oxidation of ammonium sulfite[J].Advanced Materials Research,2014,955:2003-2006.
[8]Wang X,Li Z,Zeng J,et al.Improvement of atmospheric water surface discharge with water resistive barrier[J].Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing,2013,33(4):691-705.
[9]杨鑫,李卫国,郭昱延,等.液氮中微秒级脉冲下的沿面闪络特性[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(7):170-176.(Yang Xin,Li Weiguo,Guo Yuyan,et al.Surface discharge characteristic under microsecond impulse in liquid nitrogen.Chinese Society for Electrical Engineering,2013,33(7):170-176)
[10]Andreev V V,Vasilyeva L A.Study of the surface barrier discharge generated by electrodes in the form of a series of parallel metal strips[J].Plasma Physics Reports,2013,39(13):1108-1113.
[11]罗杨,吴广宁,刘继午,等.表面放电对聚酰亚胺薄膜材料的电气损伤特性研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(25):187-197.(Luo Yang,Wu Guangning,Liu Jiwu,et al.Electrical damage characteristics of polyimide film caused by surface discharge.Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(25):187-197)
[12]刘小龙,黄建国,雷开卓.水下等离子体声源的冲击波负压特性[J].物理学报,2013,62:204301.(Liu Xiaolong,Huang Jianguo,Lei Kaizuo.Shock wave negative pressure characteristics of underwater plasma sound source.Acta Physica Sinica,2013,62:204301)
[13]张延宗,郑经堂,陈宏刚.高压脉冲放电水处理技术的理论研究[J].高电压技术,2007,33(2):136-140.(Zhang Yanzong,Zheng Jingtang,Chen Honggang.Theoretical study on high voltage pulse discharge technology in waste water treatment.High Voltage Engineering,2007,33(2):136-140)
[14]依成武,吴春笃,徐玮,等.高压脉冲电场冲击波法的液体杀菌实验研究[J].高电压技术,2007,33(2):109-111.(Yi Chengwu,Wu Chundu,Xu Wei,et al.Study on sterilization by high voltage pulsed electric fields shock wave.High Voltage Engineering,2007,33(2):109-111)
[15]张冠军,赵文彬,郑楠,等.真空中固体绝缘沿面闪络现象的研究进展[J].高电压技术,2007,33(7):30-35.(Zhang Guanjun,Zhao Wenbin,Zheng Nan,et al.Research progress on surface flashover phenomena across solid insulation in vacuum.High Voltage Engineering,2007,33(7):30-35)
[16]Yu Li,Liu Jingru,Ma Lianying,et al.10Jenergy-level optically pumped XeF(C-A)laser with repetition mode[J].Optics Letters,2007,32(9):1087-1089
[17]Yu Li,Ma Lianying,Yi Aiping,et al.An optically pumped XeF(C-A)laser with repetitive rate of 10Hz[J].Review of Scientific Instruments,2012,83:013107.
[18]Yu Li,Ma Lianying,Yi Aiping,et al.Study on the technology of the high power XeF(C-A)laser with repetition mode[C]//Proc of SPIE.2012:879623.
[19]朱峰,沈炎龙,于力,等.棱镜色散腔XeF(C—A)蓝绿激光线宽压缩[J].强激光与粒子束,2013,25(4):863-866.(Zhu Feng,Shen Yanlong,Yu Li,et al.Spectral narrowing of XeF(C-A)blue-green lasers using prism dispersive resonator.High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2013,25(4):863-866)
[20]周强,王俊波,邱荣,等.冲击波在空气和熔石英元件界面传播的超快诊断[J].强激光与粒子束,2014,26:012010.(Zhou Qiang,Wang Junbo,Qiu Rong,et al.Ultrafast diagnosis of shockwave propagation in air and fused silica interface.High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2014,26:012010)
[21]姚兵,王甦,曹雁,等.激光脉冲和放电脉冲产生冲击波的研究[J].激光技术,2000,24(1):12-14.(Yao Bing,Wang Su,Cao Yan,et al.Combined effect of shock waves induced by laser pulse and discharge pulse.Laser Technology,2000,24(1):12-14)
[22]Shen Yanlong.Zhu Feng,Yu Li.Theoretical and experimental studies of directivity of sound field generated by pulsed laser induced breakdown in liquid water[C]//Proc of SPIE.2012:879614.
[23]宋博岩,郭金全,胡富强,等.难加工材料的电火花加工脉冲电源研究[J].电加工与模具,2006(5):17-21.(Song Boyan,Guo Jinquan,Hu Fuqiang,et al.The research of EDM pulse generator for difficult-to-cut materials.Electronic Processing and Mode,2006(5):17-21)
[24]王庆峰,刘庆想,张政权,等.环形脉冲变压器分布电容优化设计及实验[J].强激光与粒子束,2014,26:045048.(Wang Qingfeng,Liu Qingxiang,Zhang Zhengquan,et al.Design optimization and experimental study on stray capacitances of annular pulse transformer.High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2014,26:045048)
[25]Vogel A,Busch S,Parlitz U.Shockwave emission and cavitation bubble generation by picosecond and nanosecond optical breakdown in water[J].Journal of the Acoustictcal Society of America,1996,100(1):148-165.