不同蛋白质水平日粮对中国荷斯坦奶牛生产性能、氮消化和血液生化指标的影响
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摘要
旨在研究饲粮不同粗蛋白质(CP)水平对中国荷斯坦奶牛乳尿素氮(MUN)、氮(N)消化及血液尿素氮(BUN)的影响。采用4×4拉丁方设计,16头经产中国荷斯坦奶牛随机分为4个处理。4个处理的饲粮能量相近,CP水平分别为12. 72%、13. 52%、14. 43%和15. 37%。试验分为4个周期,每个周期15 d,后5 d为样品收集期。奶样收集3 d,同时收集粪便,每期最后1 d晨饲前空腹采集血样。每天测量产奶量和干物质摄入量。结果:不同蛋白水平日粮奶牛干物质采食量(DMI)和产奶量组间差异不明显(P>0. 05),除了MUN随着饲粮CP水平的增加呈现增加趋势以外,其他乳成分影响不显著(P>0. 05),高蛋白质水平组MUN明显高于低蛋白组(P<0. 05)。随着饲粮CP水平的提高,氮的摄入量明显增加(P<0. 05),同时N的排泄量和消化率也不断增加,但组间无显著差异(P>0. 05)。BUN和MUN变化趋势基本一致,高蛋白质组的BUN明显高于低蛋白质组(P<0. 05),而对其他血液指标的影响不显著(P>0. 05)。在本试验条件下,不同蛋白质水平日粮能够影响中国荷斯坦奶牛MUN、BUN的变化,且两者变化趋势一致,而对产奶量、N消化率影响不明显,MUN可以代替BUN成为检测奶牛蛋白质营养状况的指标之一。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary crude protein level on milk urea nitrogen ( MUN),nitrogen digestion and blood urea nitrogen ( BUN) of Chinese Holstein dairy cows. Sixteen multiparous cows were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design and the crude protein levels of the four diets were 12. 72%,13. 52%,14. 43% and 15. 37% respectively. Each lactating cow underwent four experimental periods and each period had a 10 adaptation,followed by a 5 day period of total fecal and milk collection. Milk yield,milk composition and dry matter intake ( DMI) of the cows were measured in the last 5 day period. Blood samples were taken in the last day of the sample collection period. The results showed that there was no significant difference between DMI and milk yield in the four treatment groups ( P>0. 05),but the MUN increased with higher dietary CP levels. Furthermore,the MUN of the high protein level group was significantly higher than the low protein group ( P<0. 05). With the increase of dietary CP level,the intake of nitrogen,fecal nitrogen and the digestibility of nitrogen increased,too ( P< 0. 05). The BUN in the high protein group was higher than that in the low protein group ( P<0. 05),which was consistent with the change in MUN. In conclusion,under the experimental conditions,different protein levels influenced the changes in MUN and BUN but had no effect on milk yield and nitrogen digestion; and MUN might replace BUN as an indicator in detecting the protein nutrition status in dairy cows.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary crude protein level on milk urea nitrogen ( MUN),nitrogen digestion and blood urea nitrogen ( BUN) of Chinese Holstein dairy cows. Sixteen multiparous cows were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design and the crude protein levels of the four diets were 12. 72%,13. 52%,14. 43% and 15. 37% respectively. Each lactating cow underwent four experimental periods and each period had a 10 adaptation,followed by a 5 day period of total fecal and milk collection. Milk yield,milk composition and dry matter intake ( DMI) of the cows were measured in the last 5 day period. Blood samples were taken in the last day of the sample collection period. The results showed that there was no significant difference between DMI and milk yield in the four treatment groups ( P>0. 05),but the MUN increased with higher dietary CP levels. Furthermore,the MUN of the high protein level group was significantly higher than the low protein group ( P<0. 05). With the increase of dietary CP level,the intake of nitrogen,fecal nitrogen and the digestibility of nitrogen increased,too ( P< 0. 05). The BUN in the high protein group was higher than that in the low protein group ( P<0. 05),which was consistent with the change in MUN. In conclusion,under the experimental conditions,different protein levels influenced the changes in MUN and BUN but had no effect on milk yield and nitrogen digestion; and MUN might replace BUN as an indicator in detecting the protein nutrition status in dairy cows.
引文
[1]翟少伟.中国荷斯坦牛乳尿素氮与蛋白质营养关系的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2006.
[2]Godden S M,K D Lissemore.Factors associated with milk urea concentrations in Ontario dairy cows[J].J Dairy Sci,2001b,84:107-114.
[3]王赞江,王丽.尿素氮监测在奶牛生产中的应用[J].奶牛养殖,2006(8):39-41.
[4]Arunvipas P,Dohoo I R.Factors on milk urea nitrogen levels in dairy cows in Prince Edward Island[J].Prev Vet Med,2003a,59:83-93.
[5]Hristov A N,Ropp J K.Effect of dietary carbohydrate composition and availability on utilization of ruminal ammonia nitrogen for milk protein synthesis in dairy cows[J].J Dairy Sci,2003,86:2416-2427.
[6]Broderick G A.Effect of varying dietary protein and energy levels on the production of lactating dairy cows[J].J Dairy Sci,2003,86:1370-1381.
[7]Wattiaux M A,Nordheim E V,Crump P.Statistical aluation of factors and interactions affecting dairy herd improvement milk urea nitrogen in commercial midwest dairy herds[J].J Dairy Sci,2005,88:3020-3035.
[8]Kauffman A J,St-Pierre N.The relationship of milk urea nitrogen to urine nitrogen excretion in Holstein and Jersey cows[J].J Dairy Sci,2001,84:2284-2294.
[9]Wood G M,Boetcher P J.Estimation of genetic parameters for concentrations of milk urea nitrogen[J].J Dairy Sci,2003,86:2462-2469.
[10]梁学武.现代奶牛生产[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002:17-47.
[11]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2007:49-56.
[12]徐凤霞,刘美,李兵.AIA法测定小尾寒羊对花生秧及玉米面的消化率的研究[J].饲料博览,2004(3):33-34.
[13]Colmenero J J,Broderick G A.Effect of dietary crude protein concentration on milk production and nitrogen utilization in lactating dairy crows[J].J Dairy Sci,2006,89:1704-1712.
[14]Leonardi C,Stevenson M,Armentano L E.Effect of two levels of crude protein and methionine supplementation on performance of dairy cows[J].J Dairy Sci,2003,86:4033-4042.
[15]Wattiaux M A,Karg K L.Protein level for alfalfa and corn silagebased diets:II.Nitrogen balance and manure characteristics[J].JDairy Sci,2004a,81:3492-3502.
[16]Galo E,Emanuele S M,Sniffen C J,et al.Effects of a polymercoated urea product on nitrogen metabolism in lactating Holstein dairy cows[J].J Dairy Sci,2003,86:2154-2162.
[17]Depeters E J,Cant J P.Nutritional factors influencing the nitrogen composition of bovine mlik:A Review[J].J Dairy Sci,1992,75:2043-2070.
[18]Kalscheur K F,Glenn B P,Kohn R A.Milk production of dairy cows fed differing concentrations of rumen-degraded protein[J].JDairy Sci,2006,89:249-259
[19]Petit H V,Ivan M,Mir P S.Effects of flaxseed on protein requirements and nexcretion of dairy cows fed diets with two protein concentration[J].J.Dairy Sci,2005,88:1755-1764.
[20]van Soes P J.Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant[M].2nd Edition.Ithaca:Cornell University Press,1994.
[21]Castillo A R,E Kebread,D E Beever and J A.France.A review of efficiency of nitrogen utilization in lactating dairy cows and its relationship with the environmental pollution[J].J Anim Feed Sci,2000,9:1-32.
[22]Davidson S,Hopkins B A,Diaz D E,et al.Effects of amounts and degradability of dietary protein on lactation,nitrogen utilization,and excretion in early Holstein cows[J].J Dairy Sci,2003,86:1681-1689.
[23]Reynal S M,Broderick G A.Effect of dietary level of Rumen-degraded protein on production and nitrogen metabolism in lactating diary cows[J].J Dairy Sci,2005,88:4045-4064.
[24]Burgos S A,J G Fadel.Prediction of ammonia emission from dairy cattle manure based on milk urea nitrogen:relation of milk urea nitrogen to urine urea nitrogen excretion[J].J Dairy Sci,2007,90:5499-5508.
[25]Flis S A,Wattiaux M A.Effects of parity and supply of rumen-degraded and undegraded protein on production and nitrogen balance in Holsteins[J].J Dairy Sci,2005,88:2096-2106.
[26]M'hamed D,Faverdin P,Verite R.Effects of the level and source dietary protein on intake and milk yield in dairy cows[J].Anim Res,2001,50:205-211.
本研究由山东省饲料安全与高效利用工程技术研发中心合作完成。
[2]Godden S M,K D Lissemore.Factors associated with milk urea concentrations in Ontario dairy cows[J].J Dairy Sci,2001b,84:107-114.
[3]王赞江,王丽.尿素氮监测在奶牛生产中的应用[J].奶牛养殖,2006(8):39-41.
[4]Arunvipas P,Dohoo I R.Factors on milk urea nitrogen levels in dairy cows in Prince Edward Island[J].Prev Vet Med,2003a,59:83-93.
[5]Hristov A N,Ropp J K.Effect of dietary carbohydrate composition and availability on utilization of ruminal ammonia nitrogen for milk protein synthesis in dairy cows[J].J Dairy Sci,2003,86:2416-2427.
[6]Broderick G A.Effect of varying dietary protein and energy levels on the production of lactating dairy cows[J].J Dairy Sci,2003,86:1370-1381.
[7]Wattiaux M A,Nordheim E V,Crump P.Statistical aluation of factors and interactions affecting dairy herd improvement milk urea nitrogen in commercial midwest dairy herds[J].J Dairy Sci,2005,88:3020-3035.
[8]Kauffman A J,St-Pierre N.The relationship of milk urea nitrogen to urine nitrogen excretion in Holstein and Jersey cows[J].J Dairy Sci,2001,84:2284-2294.
[9]Wood G M,Boetcher P J.Estimation of genetic parameters for concentrations of milk urea nitrogen[J].J Dairy Sci,2003,86:2462-2469.
[10]梁学武.现代奶牛生产[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002:17-47.
[11]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2007:49-56.
[12]徐凤霞,刘美,李兵.AIA法测定小尾寒羊对花生秧及玉米面的消化率的研究[J].饲料博览,2004(3):33-34.
[13]Colmenero J J,Broderick G A.Effect of dietary crude protein concentration on milk production and nitrogen utilization in lactating dairy crows[J].J Dairy Sci,2006,89:1704-1712.
[14]Leonardi C,Stevenson M,Armentano L E.Effect of two levels of crude protein and methionine supplementation on performance of dairy cows[J].J Dairy Sci,2003,86:4033-4042.
[15]Wattiaux M A,Karg K L.Protein level for alfalfa and corn silagebased diets:II.Nitrogen balance and manure characteristics[J].JDairy Sci,2004a,81:3492-3502.
[16]Galo E,Emanuele S M,Sniffen C J,et al.Effects of a polymercoated urea product on nitrogen metabolism in lactating Holstein dairy cows[J].J Dairy Sci,2003,86:2154-2162.
[17]Depeters E J,Cant J P.Nutritional factors influencing the nitrogen composition of bovine mlik:A Review[J].J Dairy Sci,1992,75:2043-2070.
[18]Kalscheur K F,Glenn B P,Kohn R A.Milk production of dairy cows fed differing concentrations of rumen-degraded protein[J].JDairy Sci,2006,89:249-259
[19]Petit H V,Ivan M,Mir P S.Effects of flaxseed on protein requirements and nexcretion of dairy cows fed diets with two protein concentration[J].J.Dairy Sci,2005,88:1755-1764.
[20]van Soes P J.Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant[M].2nd Edition.Ithaca:Cornell University Press,1994.
[21]Castillo A R,E Kebread,D E Beever and J A.France.A review of efficiency of nitrogen utilization in lactating dairy cows and its relationship with the environmental pollution[J].J Anim Feed Sci,2000,9:1-32.
[22]Davidson S,Hopkins B A,Diaz D E,et al.Effects of amounts and degradability of dietary protein on lactation,nitrogen utilization,and excretion in early Holstein cows[J].J Dairy Sci,2003,86:1681-1689.
[23]Reynal S M,Broderick G A.Effect of dietary level of Rumen-degraded protein on production and nitrogen metabolism in lactating diary cows[J].J Dairy Sci,2005,88:4045-4064.
[24]Burgos S A,J G Fadel.Prediction of ammonia emission from dairy cattle manure based on milk urea nitrogen:relation of milk urea nitrogen to urine urea nitrogen excretion[J].J Dairy Sci,2007,90:5499-5508.
[25]Flis S A,Wattiaux M A.Effects of parity and supply of rumen-degraded and undegraded protein on production and nitrogen balance in Holsteins[J].J Dairy Sci,2005,88:2096-2106.
[26]M'hamed D,Faverdin P,Verite R.Effects of the level and source dietary protein on intake and milk yield in dairy cows[J].Anim Res,2001,50:205-211.
本研究由山东省饲料安全与高效利用工程技术研发中心合作完成。