饲粮添加油菜蜂花粉对芦花鸡生产性能、蛋品质和血清生化指标的影响
|
摘要
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加油菜蜂花粉对产蛋高峰期和产蛋后期芦花鸡生产性能、蛋品质和血清生化指标的影响。试验1选用32周龄(产蛋高峰期)、产蛋率为70%左右的芦花鸡384只,随机分为4个组,每组4个重复,每个重复24只鸡。试验期为8周。试验2选用64周龄(产蛋后期)、产蛋率为50%左右的芦花鸡60只,随机分为4个组,每组5个重复,每个重复3只鸡。试验期为6周。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添加0.5%、1.0%和1.5%油菜蜂花粉的试验饲粮。试验期间统计产蛋性能,测定蛋品质,试验结束时进行血清指标测定。结果显示:与对照组相比,1)饲粮添加1.0%油菜蜂花粉可显著提高产蛋后期芦花鸡的产蛋率(P<0.05)。2)饲粮添加1.5%油菜蜂花粉可显著提高产蛋高峰期第4周芦花鸡的蛋壳黄度(b*)值和第8周的蛋黄颜色(P<0.05)。3)饲粮添加0.5%和1.0%油菜蜂花粉可显著降低产蛋高峰期芦花鸡的血清甘油三酯含量(P<0.05),添加1.5%油菜蜂花粉可显著降低血清总胆固醇含量(P<0.05)。4)饲粮添加1.0%油菜蜂花粉可显著提高产蛋高峰期芦花鸡的血清总超氧化物歧化酶活性和显著降低血清丙二醛含量(P<0.05),添加1.5%油菜蜂花粉可显著提高血清总抗氧化能力和显著降低血清丙二醛含量(P<0.05)。5)饲粮添加0.5%和1.5%油菜蜂花粉可显著提高产蛋后期芦花鸡的血清免疫球蛋白G含量(P<0.05),添加1.0%油菜蜂花粉可显著提高血清免疫球蛋白A含量(P<0.05)。由此可知,饲粮添加油菜蜂花粉可提高芦花鸡的生产性能,改善蛋品质,降低血脂,提高抗氧化能力,增强免疫功能,饲粮中适宜添加水平为0.80%～0.95%。
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary rape bee pollen on performance,egg quality and serum biochemical indexes of Luhua hens during peak period of laying and in later laying period. In experiment 1,three hundred and eight-four Luhua hens with 32-week-old( during peak period of laying) and about 70% laying rate were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 24 hens per replicate. The test lasted for 8 weeks. In experiment 2,sixty Luhua hens with 64-week-old( in later laying period)and about 50% laying rate were randomly divided into 4 groups with 5 replicates per group and 3 hens per replicate. The test lasted for 6 weeks. Hens in control group were fed a basal diet,and the others in experimental group were fed the basal diets supplemented with 0.5%,1.0% and 1.5% rape bee pollen,respectively. Laying performance and egg quality were measured during experiments,and serum biochemical indexes were tested at the end of experiments. The results showed as follows: compared with the control group,1) dietary 1.0% rape bee pollen significantly increased laying rate of Luhua hens in later laying period( P<0.05). 2) Dietary 1.5%rape bee pollen significantly increased the value of eggshell yellow( b*) in the 4 th week and yolk color in the8 th week of Luhua hens during peak period of laying( P<0.05). 3) Dietary 0.5% and 1.0% rape bee pollen significantly decreased the content of triglyceride in serum of Luhua hens during peak period of laying( P <0.05),and dietary 1.5% rape bee pollen significantly decreased the content of total cholesterol in serum( P <0.05). 4) Dietary 1.0% rape bee pollen significantly increased the activity of total super oxide dismutase in serum and significantly decreased the content of malondialdehyde in serum of Luhua hens during peak period of laying( P<0.05),and dietary 1.5% rape bee pollen significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity in serum and significantly decreased the content of malondialdehyde in serum( P < 0. 05). 5) Dietary 0. 5% and1.5% rape bee pollen significantly increased the content of immunoglobulin G in serum of Luhua hens in later laying period( P<0.05),and dietary 1.0% rape bee pollen significantly increased the content of immunoglobulin A in serum( P<0.05). Therefore,dietary rape bee pollen can improve performance and egg quality,decrease blood lipids and enhance antioxidant capacity and immune function of Luhua hens,and the suitable supplemental level of rape bee pollen in diet is 0.80% to 0.95%.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 6) : 2915-2926]
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary rape bee pollen on performance,egg quality and serum biochemical indexes of Luhua hens during peak period of laying and in later laying period. In experiment 1,three hundred and eight-four Luhua hens with 32-week-old( during peak period of laying) and about 70% laying rate were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 24 hens per replicate. The test lasted for 8 weeks. In experiment 2,sixty Luhua hens with 64-week-old( in later laying period)and about 50% laying rate were randomly divided into 4 groups with 5 replicates per group and 3 hens per replicate. The test lasted for 6 weeks. Hens in control group were fed a basal diet,and the others in experimental group were fed the basal diets supplemented with 0.5%,1.0% and 1.5% rape bee pollen,respectively. Laying performance and egg quality were measured during experiments,and serum biochemical indexes were tested at the end of experiments. The results showed as follows: compared with the control group,1) dietary 1.0% rape bee pollen significantly increased laying rate of Luhua hens in later laying period( P<0.05). 2) Dietary 1.5%rape bee pollen significantly increased the value of eggshell yellow( b*) in the 4 th week and yolk color in the8 th week of Luhua hens during peak period of laying( P<0.05). 3) Dietary 0.5% and 1.0% rape bee pollen significantly decreased the content of triglyceride in serum of Luhua hens during peak period of laying( P <0.05),and dietary 1.5% rape bee pollen significantly decreased the content of total cholesterol in serum( P <0.05). 4) Dietary 1.0% rape bee pollen significantly increased the activity of total super oxide dismutase in serum and significantly decreased the content of malondialdehyde in serum of Luhua hens during peak period of laying( P<0.05),and dietary 1.5% rape bee pollen significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity in serum and significantly decreased the content of malondialdehyde in serum( P < 0. 05). 5) Dietary 0. 5% and1.5% rape bee pollen significantly increased the content of immunoglobulin G in serum of Luhua hens in later laying period( P<0.05),and dietary 1.0% rape bee pollen significantly increased the content of immunoglobulin A in serum( P<0.05). Therefore,dietary rape bee pollen can improve performance and egg quality,decrease blood lipids and enhance antioxidant capacity and immune function of Luhua hens,and the suitable supplemental level of rape bee pollen in diet is 0.80% to 0.95%.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 6) : 2915-2926]
引文
[1]王贻节.蜜蜂产品学[M].北京:农业出版社,1991:204.
[2]曾志将.养蜂学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003:171-174.
[3]LINSKENS H F,JORDE W.Pollen as food and medicine:a review[J].Economic Botany,1997,51(1):78-86.
[4]杨开,何晋浙,胡君荣,等.12种花粉中20种常量和微量元素的ICP-AES法测定[J].中国食品学报,2010,10(3):227-232.
[5]李志,李琳,石晓峰.油菜花粉化学成分和药理作用的研究进展[J].甘肃医药,2018,37(5):394-398.
[6]廖吕燕,陈小权,李健,等.油菜花粉超微粉对肉鸡生长性能、血液生化、激素指标和屠宰性能的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2018,38(11):2181-2187.
[7]屠云洁,韩威,李国辉,等.汶上芦花鸡及芦花鸡高产系产蛋性能和蛋品质比较[J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2015,36(2):24-27.
[8]张玉兰,王开发,姜立征,等.蜂花粉饲料添加剂饲喂蛋鸡的效果试验[J].蜜蜂杂志,1998(3):5-6.
[9]杨开,王玏萦,徐梦婷,等.油菜花粉甾醇的制备、分析及抗氧化活性研究[J].中国粮油学报,2018,33(1):69-75.
[10]王龙昌,顾莞婷,周岩民,等.植物甾醇对蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能、鸡蛋胆固醇含量及血清生殖激素水平的影响[J].中国粮油学报,2008,23(6):166-171.
[11]王珏,李升和,程光亮,等.蜂花粉对蛋鸡生产性能及甲状腺激素的影响[J].安徽科技学院学报,2007,21(2):1-4.
[12]苏宁.鸡蛋品质的营养调控[J].四川畜牧兽医,2000,27(增刊):90-93,95.
[13]杨雨鑫,王成章,廉红霞,等.紫花苜蓿草粉对产蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及蛋黄颜色的影响[J].养殖与饲料,2009(9):4-9.
[14]杨寒冰,殷客卿,陈晶,等.四种花粉的营养成分分析[J].中国蜂业,2010,61(6):11-14.
[15]王珏,郑艺梅,吴炜,等.日粮添加蜂花粉对蛋品质的影响[J].安徽科技学院学报,2007,21(6):1-4.
[16]杨智青,陈应江,金崇富,等.Lab色度系统对苏北草鸡不同产蛋期蛋壳颜色的评价及比较[J].江苏农业科学,2014,42(1):266-268.
[17]潘建国,王开发,刘远红.试论花粉调节血脂的机理与新进展[J].中国野生植物资源,2001,20(5):5-7.
[18]李璐,吴云,原少伟,等.油菜花粉总脂肪酸部位的提取与纯化工艺研究[J].中国中药杂志,2016,41(2):226-232.
[19]高丽娇,刘佳霖,程尚,等.四种花粉的营养成分及含量分析[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2016(20):175-177.
[20]解大建,周源,徐景耀.油菜花粉对大鼠血清胆固醇、甘油三酯和脂肪酸的影响[J].营养学报,1988,10(3):258-261.
[21]涂文利.油菜花粉超临界二氧化碳萃取物对高脂血大鼠脂质代谢的影响[D].硕士学位论文.济南:山东师范大学,2005.
[22]陈小夏,陈冰.油菜花粉提取物对高脂血症大鼠血脂的影响[J].中药药理与临床,2004,20(3):18-19.
[23]孙岩,郭庆兴,童群义.油菜蜂花粉黄酮体外降糖活性研究[J].食品工业科技,2015,36(12):122-126.
[24]HALLIWEL B.Free radicals,antioxidants,and human disease:curiosity,cause,or consequence[J].Lancet,1994,311(8924):721-774.
[25]FANG Y Z,YANG S,WU G Y.Free radicals antioxidants and nutrition[J].Nutrition,2002,18(10):872-879.
[26]KAKONIENV,RUOCˇKUVIENG,KAKONASP,et al.Chemometric analysis of bee pollen based on volatile and phenolic compound compositions and antioxidant properties[J].Food Analytical M ethods,2015,8(5):1150-1163.
[27]SILVA T M S,CAMARA C A,DA SILVA LINS AC,et al.Chemical composition and free radical scavenging activity of pollen loads from stingless bee Melipona subnitida ducke[J].Journal of Food Composition and Analysis,2006,19(6/7):507-511.
[28]石玉平,卢挺,王永宁.油菜蜂花粉中黄酮类物质清除羟基自由基的研究[J].食品科学,2004,25(11):300-302.
[29]张红城,董捷,李慧,等.六种蜂花粉多酚和黄酮类物质含量测定及抗氧化性的研究[J].食品科学,2007,28(9):500-504.
[30]杨佳林,孙丽萍,徐响,等.油菜蜂花粉黄酮醇的测定及其抗氧化活性研究[J].食品科学,2010,31(3):79-82.
[31]徐响,何伟,孙丽萍,等.蜂花粉油脂抗氧化活性与类胡萝卜素含量的相关性[J].食品科学,2010,31(21):155-158.
[32]杨晓萍,罗祖友,吴谋成.油菜花粉多糖的制备及其对荷瘤小鼠的影响[J].食品科学,2005,26(12):202-204.
[33]HABIB F K,ROSS M,BUCK A C,et al.In vitro evaluation of the pollen extract cernitin T-60,in the regulation of prostate cell grow th[J].British Journal of Urology,1990,66(4):393-397.
[34]JATON J C,ROULIN K,ROSE K,et al.The secalosides,novel tumor cell grow th inhibitory glycosides from a pollen extract[J].Journal of Natural Products,1997,60(4):356-360.
[35]张翠香,罗永会,徐春萍,等.蜂花粉多糖和黄酮的联合提取及含量测定[J].食品研究与开发,2017,38(10):59-62.
[36]王博.八种蜂花粉多糖的分析及抗肿瘤活性研究[D].博士学位论文.长春:东北师范大学,2013.
[37]王珏,金光明,郑艺梅,等.蜂花粉对动物免疫器官发育的影响[J].中国中药杂志,2005,30(19):1532-1536.
[38]付越,郝璐,刘英博,等.蜂花粉对蛋鸡生产性能和免疫功能的影响[J].饲料研究,2015(9):50-55.
[2]曾志将.养蜂学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003:171-174.
[3]LINSKENS H F,JORDE W.Pollen as food and medicine:a review[J].Economic Botany,1997,51(1):78-86.
[4]杨开,何晋浙,胡君荣,等.12种花粉中20种常量和微量元素的ICP-AES法测定[J].中国食品学报,2010,10(3):227-232.
[5]李志,李琳,石晓峰.油菜花粉化学成分和药理作用的研究进展[J].甘肃医药,2018,37(5):394-398.
[6]廖吕燕,陈小权,李健,等.油菜花粉超微粉对肉鸡生长性能、血液生化、激素指标和屠宰性能的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2018,38(11):2181-2187.
[7]屠云洁,韩威,李国辉,等.汶上芦花鸡及芦花鸡高产系产蛋性能和蛋品质比较[J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2015,36(2):24-27.
[8]张玉兰,王开发,姜立征,等.蜂花粉饲料添加剂饲喂蛋鸡的效果试验[J].蜜蜂杂志,1998(3):5-6.
[9]杨开,王玏萦,徐梦婷,等.油菜花粉甾醇的制备、分析及抗氧化活性研究[J].中国粮油学报,2018,33(1):69-75.
[10]王龙昌,顾莞婷,周岩民,等.植物甾醇对蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能、鸡蛋胆固醇含量及血清生殖激素水平的影响[J].中国粮油学报,2008,23(6):166-171.
[11]王珏,李升和,程光亮,等.蜂花粉对蛋鸡生产性能及甲状腺激素的影响[J].安徽科技学院学报,2007,21(2):1-4.
[12]苏宁.鸡蛋品质的营养调控[J].四川畜牧兽医,2000,27(增刊):90-93,95.
[13]杨雨鑫,王成章,廉红霞,等.紫花苜蓿草粉对产蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及蛋黄颜色的影响[J].养殖与饲料,2009(9):4-9.
[14]杨寒冰,殷客卿,陈晶,等.四种花粉的营养成分分析[J].中国蜂业,2010,61(6):11-14.
[15]王珏,郑艺梅,吴炜,等.日粮添加蜂花粉对蛋品质的影响[J].安徽科技学院学报,2007,21(6):1-4.
[16]杨智青,陈应江,金崇富,等.Lab色度系统对苏北草鸡不同产蛋期蛋壳颜色的评价及比较[J].江苏农业科学,2014,42(1):266-268.
[17]潘建国,王开发,刘远红.试论花粉调节血脂的机理与新进展[J].中国野生植物资源,2001,20(5):5-7.
[18]李璐,吴云,原少伟,等.油菜花粉总脂肪酸部位的提取与纯化工艺研究[J].中国中药杂志,2016,41(2):226-232.
[19]高丽娇,刘佳霖,程尚,等.四种花粉的营养成分及含量分析[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2016(20):175-177.
[20]解大建,周源,徐景耀.油菜花粉对大鼠血清胆固醇、甘油三酯和脂肪酸的影响[J].营养学报,1988,10(3):258-261.
[21]涂文利.油菜花粉超临界二氧化碳萃取物对高脂血大鼠脂质代谢的影响[D].硕士学位论文.济南:山东师范大学,2005.
[22]陈小夏,陈冰.油菜花粉提取物对高脂血症大鼠血脂的影响[J].中药药理与临床,2004,20(3):18-19.
[23]孙岩,郭庆兴,童群义.油菜蜂花粉黄酮体外降糖活性研究[J].食品工业科技,2015,36(12):122-126.
[24]HALLIWEL B.Free radicals,antioxidants,and human disease:curiosity,cause,or consequence[J].Lancet,1994,311(8924):721-774.
[25]FANG Y Z,YANG S,WU G Y.Free radicals antioxidants and nutrition[J].Nutrition,2002,18(10):872-879.
[26]KAKONIENV,RUOCˇKUVIENG,KAKONASP,et al.Chemometric analysis of bee pollen based on volatile and phenolic compound compositions and antioxidant properties[J].Food Analytical M ethods,2015,8(5):1150-1163.
[27]SILVA T M S,CAMARA C A,DA SILVA LINS AC,et al.Chemical composition and free radical scavenging activity of pollen loads from stingless bee Melipona subnitida ducke[J].Journal of Food Composition and Analysis,2006,19(6/7):507-511.
[28]石玉平,卢挺,王永宁.油菜蜂花粉中黄酮类物质清除羟基自由基的研究[J].食品科学,2004,25(11):300-302.
[29]张红城,董捷,李慧,等.六种蜂花粉多酚和黄酮类物质含量测定及抗氧化性的研究[J].食品科学,2007,28(9):500-504.
[30]杨佳林,孙丽萍,徐响,等.油菜蜂花粉黄酮醇的测定及其抗氧化活性研究[J].食品科学,2010,31(3):79-82.
[31]徐响,何伟,孙丽萍,等.蜂花粉油脂抗氧化活性与类胡萝卜素含量的相关性[J].食品科学,2010,31(21):155-158.
[32]杨晓萍,罗祖友,吴谋成.油菜花粉多糖的制备及其对荷瘤小鼠的影响[J].食品科学,2005,26(12):202-204.
[33]HABIB F K,ROSS M,BUCK A C,et al.In vitro evaluation of the pollen extract cernitin T-60,in the regulation of prostate cell grow th[J].British Journal of Urology,1990,66(4):393-397.
[34]JATON J C,ROULIN K,ROSE K,et al.The secalosides,novel tumor cell grow th inhibitory glycosides from a pollen extract[J].Journal of Natural Products,1997,60(4):356-360.
[35]张翠香,罗永会,徐春萍,等.蜂花粉多糖和黄酮的联合提取及含量测定[J].食品研究与开发,2017,38(10):59-62.
[36]王博.八种蜂花粉多糖的分析及抗肿瘤活性研究[D].博士学位论文.长春:东北师范大学,2013.
[37]王珏,金光明,郑艺梅,等.蜂花粉对动物免疫器官发育的影响[J].中国中药杂志,2005,30(19):1532-1536.
[38]付越,郝璐,刘英博,等.蜂花粉对蛋鸡生产性能和免疫功能的影响[J].饲料研究,2015(9):50-55.