史传叙事与古代历史小说的叙述可靠性
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摘要
史传叙事的春秋笔法和作者意图对古代历史小说的叙述可靠性产生了影响。叙述可靠性的研究路径主要有修辞性叙事学路径和认知叙事学路径。就修辞性叙事学路径看,史传叙事让历史小说的叙述可靠性不再完全由隐含作者和叙述者之间的关系来决定,作者的真实叙事意图对叙述可靠性也产生多方面的影响。就认知叙事学路径看,史传叙事让读者对历史小说的史实、虚构、伦理教化等方面的作用形成共识,这些共识导致读者对历史小说叙述可靠性的理解并非因人而异,反而有一种趋同倾向。
The Spring and Autumn Writing(a style of writing in which sublime words with deep meaning are used)of historical narration and authors' intention have an impact on the narrative reliability of ancient historical novels. The research approaches of narrative reliability mainly include rhetorical narratology and cognitive narratology. As far as the approach of rhetorical narratology is concerned, the historical narration makes the narrative reliability of historical novels no longer entirely determined by the relationship between implicit authors and narrators, and the narrative intention of real authors also has many influences on the narrative reliability. In view of the approach of cognitive narratology, the historical narration enables readers to reach a consensus on historical facts, fiction and ethical education of historical novels. The consensus lead to readers' understanding of the narrative reliability of historical novels, which is not individualized, but has a tendency of convergence.
The Spring and Autumn Writing(a style of writing in which sublime words with deep meaning are used)of historical narration and authors' intention have an impact on the narrative reliability of ancient historical novels. The research approaches of narrative reliability mainly include rhetorical narratology and cognitive narratology. As far as the approach of rhetorical narratology is concerned, the historical narration makes the narrative reliability of historical novels no longer entirely determined by the relationship between implicit authors and narrators, and the narrative intention of real authors also has many influences on the narrative reliability. In view of the approach of cognitive narratology, the historical narration enables readers to reach a consensus on historical facts, fiction and ethical education of historical novels. The consensus lead to readers' understanding of the narrative reliability of historical novels, which is not individualized, but has a tendency of convergence.
引文
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[4]赵毅衡.苦恼的叙述者[M].北京:北京十月文艺出版社,1994:70.
[5]赵毅衡.广义叙述学[M].成都:四川大学出版社,2013:231.
[6]申丹.何为“不可靠叙述”?[J].外国文学评论,2006(4):133-143.
[7]王浩.论叙事虚构作品不可靠叙述的生成[D].云南大学,2014.
[8]陈志华.叙事观念的转变:从可靠叙述到不可靠叙述[J].江西师范大学学报,2018(3):62-68.
[9]王长才.阿兰·罗伯-格里耶小说的叙述者之谜与不可靠叙述[J].外国文学研究,2011(6):67-76.
[10]王悦.《赎罪》:分层式不可靠叙述的阐释否定[J].英美文学研究论丛,2013(2):45-54.
[11]申丹.坡的短篇小说/道德观、不可靠叙述与《泄密的心》[J].国外文学,2008(1):48-62.
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[13]唐伟胜.叙事(中国版)[M].广州:暨南大学出版社,2012:246.
[14]詹姆斯·费伦.可靠、不可靠与不充分叙述---一种修辞诗学[J].王浩,译.思想战线,2016(2):87-92.
[15]杨尔曾.东西晋演义[M].北京:华夏出版社,2013.
[16]不题撰人.梼杌闲评[M].济南:齐鲁书社,2008:2.
[17]丁锡根.中国历代小说序跋集[M].北京:人民文学出版社,1996.
[18]冯梦龙.新列国志[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1992:1.
[19]PHELAN J,RABINOWITZ P J.当代叙事理论指南[M].申丹,马海良,宁一中,等,译.北京:北京大学出版社,2007.
[20]锺惺.有夏志传[M]//锺惺.盘古至唐虞传.北京:群众出版社,1997:序1.
(1)“归化”在卡勒那里,指“一套产生写作活动的约定俗成的程式”,它是“恢复文学交流功能的过程的第一步”。参见乔纳森·卡勒:《结构主义诗学》,盛宁译,中国社会科学出版社1991年版,第201-202页。
[2]尚必武.不可靠叙述[J].外国文学,2011(6):103-112.
[3]谭君强.“视点”与思想:可靠的叙述者与不可靠的叙述者[J].创作评谭,2005(2):4-8.
[4]赵毅衡.苦恼的叙述者[M].北京:北京十月文艺出版社,1994:70.
[5]赵毅衡.广义叙述学[M].成都:四川大学出版社,2013:231.
[6]申丹.何为“不可靠叙述”?[J].外国文学评论,2006(4):133-143.
[7]王浩.论叙事虚构作品不可靠叙述的生成[D].云南大学,2014.
[8]陈志华.叙事观念的转变:从可靠叙述到不可靠叙述[J].江西师范大学学报,2018(3):62-68.
[9]王长才.阿兰·罗伯-格里耶小说的叙述者之谜与不可靠叙述[J].外国文学研究,2011(6):67-76.
[10]王悦.《赎罪》:分层式不可靠叙述的阐释否定[J].英美文学研究论丛,2013(2):45-54.
[11]申丹.坡的短篇小说/道德观、不可靠叙述与《泄密的心》[J].国外文学,2008(1):48-62.
[12]戴卫·赫尔曼.新叙事学[M].马海良,译.北京:北京大学出版社,2002:42.
[13]唐伟胜.叙事(中国版)[M].广州:暨南大学出版社,2012:246.
[14]詹姆斯·费伦.可靠、不可靠与不充分叙述---一种修辞诗学[J].王浩,译.思想战线,2016(2):87-92.
[15]杨尔曾.东西晋演义[M].北京:华夏出版社,2013.
[16]不题撰人.梼杌闲评[M].济南:齐鲁书社,2008:2.
[17]丁锡根.中国历代小说序跋集[M].北京:人民文学出版社,1996.
[18]冯梦龙.新列国志[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1992:1.
[19]PHELAN J,RABINOWITZ P J.当代叙事理论指南[M].申丹,马海良,宁一中,等,译.北京:北京大学出版社,2007.
[20]锺惺.有夏志传[M]//锺惺.盘古至唐虞传.北京:群众出版社,1997:序1.
(1)“归化”在卡勒那里,指“一套产生写作活动的约定俗成的程式”,它是“恢复文学交流功能的过程的第一步”。参见乔纳森·卡勒:《结构主义诗学》,盛宁译,中国社会科学出版社1991年版,第201-202页。