拔节期和开花期测墒补灌对邯麦16号小麦产量及耗水特征的影响
|
摘要
为给邯郸地区小麦节水栽培提供依据,于2016-2017年选用高产小麦品种邯麦16号进行大田试验,设置了3个测墒补灌处理(分别用W70、W75和W80表示,W70处理拔节期、开花期的0～40 cm土层目标相对含水量均为70%,W75处理均为75%,W80处理均为80%),以全生育期不灌溉W0和当地常规灌溉WN为对照,研究了拔节期、开花期测墒补灌对邯麦16号小麦产量及耗水特征的影响。结果表明,与WN处理相比,W75处理的总灌水量明显降低,土壤水消耗量及其占总耗水量的比例明显提高,促进了小麦对土壤水的利用;W75处理的总耗水量明显下降,籽粒产量、水分利用效率、灌溉水利用效率、灌溉效率均显著增加。开花期依据土壤含水量补灌至目标相对含水量为75%的水分管理措施,较传统灌溉明显降低了总耗水,同时提高了小麦产量和水分利用率,实现了高产、节水及水分高效利用,是本试验条件下最优测墒补灌处理。
In 2016-2017,a field experiment with a high-yielding winter wheat cultivar Hanmai 16 as material was conducted to study the effects of supplement irrigation based on measuring soil moisture at the joining stage and anthesis stage on the water use characteristics and grain yield of wheat. Three treatments of supplemental irrigation were designed in this field experiment,including supplemental irrigation based on measuring soil moisture content of 0-40 cm soil layers at jointing and anthesis,which can make the moisture content of target soil reach 70%(W70),75%(W75),80%(W80),no irrigation(W0) during the whole growth period and the local traditional irrigation(WN). The results showed that: compared with WN,W75 showed lower irrigation amount and higher soil water consumption and its proportion of total water consumption,promoting the use efficiency of soil water; the total water consumption of W75 was significantly lower than that of WN,but the grain yield,water use efficiency,irrigation water use efficiency and irrigation efficiency of W75 was significantly higher than those of WN. At joining stage and anthesis stage,compared with local traditional irrigation,the target water content of 75%,increased from 0 to 40 centimeters of soil water content,significantly reduced total water consumption,but increased yield and water use efficiency,and realized simultaneous improvement of yield and water use efficiency. W75 was the best treatment for high wheat yield and water conservation under the experimental conditions.
In 2016-2017,a field experiment with a high-yielding winter wheat cultivar Hanmai 16 as material was conducted to study the effects of supplement irrigation based on measuring soil moisture at the joining stage and anthesis stage on the water use characteristics and grain yield of wheat. Three treatments of supplemental irrigation were designed in this field experiment,including supplemental irrigation based on measuring soil moisture content of 0-40 cm soil layers at jointing and anthesis,which can make the moisture content of target soil reach 70%(W70),75%(W75),80%(W80),no irrigation(W0) during the whole growth period and the local traditional irrigation(WN). The results showed that: compared with WN,W75 showed lower irrigation amount and higher soil water consumption and its proportion of total water consumption,promoting the use efficiency of soil water; the total water consumption of W75 was significantly lower than that of WN,but the grain yield,water use efficiency,irrigation water use efficiency and irrigation efficiency of W75 was significantly higher than those of WN. At joining stage and anthesis stage,compared with local traditional irrigation,the target water content of 75%,increased from 0 to 40 centimeters of soil water content,significantly reduced total water consumption,but increased yield and water use efficiency,and realized simultaneous improvement of yield and water use efficiency. W75 was the best treatment for high wheat yield and water conservation under the experimental conditions.
引文
[1]王彦梅,张正斌,刘昌明,等.河北省抗旱节水小麦生产现状及育种对策[J].中国生态农业学报,2004,12(4):142.WANG Y M,ZHANG Z B,LIU C M,et al.The production status of drought-resisting and water-saving wheat varieties and the breeding countermeasures in Hebei Province [J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2004,12(4):142.
[2]韩玉红,靳书坤.邯郸市小麦节水栽培技术模式探讨[J].河北农业科学,2012,16(11):18.HAN Y H,JIN S K.Discussion of water saving cultivation techniques of wheat in Handan City [J].Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences,2012,16(11):18.
[3]张兴娟,薛绪掌,郭文忠,等.有限供水下冬小麦全程耗水特征定量研究[J].生态学报,2014,34(10):2567.ZHANG X J,XUE X Z,GUO W Z,et al.Quantitative study of water consumption characteristics of winter wheat under deficit irrigation [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(10):2567.
[4]ZHANG X P,OWEIS T.Water-yield relations and optimal irrigation scheduling of wheat in the Mediterranean region [J].Agricultural Water Management,1999,38:195.
[5]ZHANG X Y,PEI D,HU C S.Conserving groundwater for irrigation in the North China Plain [J].Irrigation Science,2003,21:159.
[6]孙宏勇,刘昌明,张永强,等.不同时期干旱对冬小麦产量效应和耗水特性研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2003,22(2):13.SUN H Y,LIU C M,ZHANG Y Q,et al.Effects of water stress in different growth stage on water consumption and yield in winter wheat [J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2003,22(2):13.
[7]肖俊夫,刘战东,段爱旺,等.不同灌水处理对冬小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2006,25(2):20.XIAO J F,LIU Z D,DUAN A W,et al.Studies on effects of irrigation systems on the grain yield constituents and water use efficiency of winter wheat [J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2006,25(2):20.
[8]LI Q Q,DONG B D,QIAO Y Z,et al.Root growth,available soil water,and water-use efficiency of winter wheat under different irrigation regimes applied at different growth stages in North China [J].Agricultural Water Management,2010,97(10):1676.
[9]ZHANG S Q,RANG B T,WANG Z M,et al.Influences of different spring irrigation treatments on water use and yield for mation of late-sowing winter wheat [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(4):2035.
[10]易立攀,于振文,张永丽,等.不同土层测墒补灌对冬小麦耗水特性及产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(5):1361.YI L P,YU Z W,ZHANG Y L,et al.Effects of supplemental irrigation based on the measurement of moisture content in different soil layers on the water consumption characteristics and grain yield of winter wheat [J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(5):1361.
[11]褚鹏飞,王东,张永丽,等.灌水时期和灌水量对小麦耗水特性、籽粒产量及蛋白质组分含量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(4):1306.ZHU P F,WANG D,ZHANG Y L,et al.Effects of irrigation stage and amount on water consumption characteristics,grain yield and content of protein components of wheat [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2009,42(4):1306.
[12]李建民,王璞,周殿玺,等.灌溉制度对冬小麦耗水及产量的影响[J].生态农业研究,1999,7(4):23.LI J M,WANG P,ZHOU D X,et al.Effects of irrigation system on the water consumption and the yield of winter wheat [J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,1999,7(4):23.
[13]张忠学,于贵瑞.不同灌水处理对冬小麦生长及水分利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2003,22(2):1.ZHANG Z X,YU G R.Effects of irrigation scheduling on development and water use efficiency in winter wheat [J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2003,22(2):1.
[14]房全孝,陈雨海.节水灌溉条件下冬小麦耗水规律及其生态基础研究[J].华北农学报,2003,18(3):18.FANG Q X,CHEN Y H.Study on the regularity water consumption of winter wheat and its ecological basis under water-saving irrigation conditions [J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2003,18(3):18.
[15]栗丽,洪坚平,王宏庭,等.水氮互作对冬小麦耗水特性和水分利用效率的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(6):291.LI L,HONG J P,WANG H T,et al.Effects of nitrogen and irrigation interaction on water consumption characteristics and use efficiency in winter wheat [J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,26(6):291.
[16]王姣爱,裴雪霞,张定一,等.灌水处理对不同筋型小麦籽粒灌浆特性及品质的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2011,31(4):708.WANG J A,PEI X X,ZHANG D Y,et al.Effects of irrigation on grain filling characteristics and quality of wheat varieties with different gluten content [J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2011,31(4):708.
[17]ZHANG X Y,WANG Y Z,SUN H Y,et al.Optimizing the yield of winter wheat by regulating water consumption during vegetative and reproductive stages under limited water supply [J].Irrigation Science,2013,31:1103.
[18]许骥坤,石玉,赵俊晔,等.测墒补灌对小麦水分利用特征和产量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(3):277.XU J K,SHI Y,ZHAO J H,et al.Effects of supplemental irrigation based on measuring soil moisture on the water use characteristics and grain yield of wheat [J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,29(3):277.
[2]韩玉红,靳书坤.邯郸市小麦节水栽培技术模式探讨[J].河北农业科学,2012,16(11):18.HAN Y H,JIN S K.Discussion of water saving cultivation techniques of wheat in Handan City [J].Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences,2012,16(11):18.
[3]张兴娟,薛绪掌,郭文忠,等.有限供水下冬小麦全程耗水特征定量研究[J].生态学报,2014,34(10):2567.ZHANG X J,XUE X Z,GUO W Z,et al.Quantitative study of water consumption characteristics of winter wheat under deficit irrigation [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(10):2567.
[4]ZHANG X P,OWEIS T.Water-yield relations and optimal irrigation scheduling of wheat in the Mediterranean region [J].Agricultural Water Management,1999,38:195.
[5]ZHANG X Y,PEI D,HU C S.Conserving groundwater for irrigation in the North China Plain [J].Irrigation Science,2003,21:159.
[6]孙宏勇,刘昌明,张永强,等.不同时期干旱对冬小麦产量效应和耗水特性研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2003,22(2):13.SUN H Y,LIU C M,ZHANG Y Q,et al.Effects of water stress in different growth stage on water consumption and yield in winter wheat [J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2003,22(2):13.
[7]肖俊夫,刘战东,段爱旺,等.不同灌水处理对冬小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2006,25(2):20.XIAO J F,LIU Z D,DUAN A W,et al.Studies on effects of irrigation systems on the grain yield constituents and water use efficiency of winter wheat [J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2006,25(2):20.
[8]LI Q Q,DONG B D,QIAO Y Z,et al.Root growth,available soil water,and water-use efficiency of winter wheat under different irrigation regimes applied at different growth stages in North China [J].Agricultural Water Management,2010,97(10):1676.
[9]ZHANG S Q,RANG B T,WANG Z M,et al.Influences of different spring irrigation treatments on water use and yield for mation of late-sowing winter wheat [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(4):2035.
[10]易立攀,于振文,张永丽,等.不同土层测墒补灌对冬小麦耗水特性及产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(5):1361.YI L P,YU Z W,ZHANG Y L,et al.Effects of supplemental irrigation based on the measurement of moisture content in different soil layers on the water consumption characteristics and grain yield of winter wheat [J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(5):1361.
[11]褚鹏飞,王东,张永丽,等.灌水时期和灌水量对小麦耗水特性、籽粒产量及蛋白质组分含量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(4):1306.ZHU P F,WANG D,ZHANG Y L,et al.Effects of irrigation stage and amount on water consumption characteristics,grain yield and content of protein components of wheat [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2009,42(4):1306.
[12]李建民,王璞,周殿玺,等.灌溉制度对冬小麦耗水及产量的影响[J].生态农业研究,1999,7(4):23.LI J M,WANG P,ZHOU D X,et al.Effects of irrigation system on the water consumption and the yield of winter wheat [J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,1999,7(4):23.
[13]张忠学,于贵瑞.不同灌水处理对冬小麦生长及水分利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2003,22(2):1.ZHANG Z X,YU G R.Effects of irrigation scheduling on development and water use efficiency in winter wheat [J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2003,22(2):1.
[14]房全孝,陈雨海.节水灌溉条件下冬小麦耗水规律及其生态基础研究[J].华北农学报,2003,18(3):18.FANG Q X,CHEN Y H.Study on the regularity water consumption of winter wheat and its ecological basis under water-saving irrigation conditions [J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2003,18(3):18.
[15]栗丽,洪坚平,王宏庭,等.水氮互作对冬小麦耗水特性和水分利用效率的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(6):291.LI L,HONG J P,WANG H T,et al.Effects of nitrogen and irrigation interaction on water consumption characteristics and use efficiency in winter wheat [J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,26(6):291.
[16]王姣爱,裴雪霞,张定一,等.灌水处理对不同筋型小麦籽粒灌浆特性及品质的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2011,31(4):708.WANG J A,PEI X X,ZHANG D Y,et al.Effects of irrigation on grain filling characteristics and quality of wheat varieties with different gluten content [J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2011,31(4):708.
[17]ZHANG X Y,WANG Y Z,SUN H Y,et al.Optimizing the yield of winter wheat by regulating water consumption during vegetative and reproductive stages under limited water supply [J].Irrigation Science,2013,31:1103.
[18]许骥坤,石玉,赵俊晔,等.测墒补灌对小麦水分利用特征和产量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(3):277.XU J K,SHI Y,ZHAO J H,et al.Effects of supplemental irrigation based on measuring soil moisture on the water use characteristics and grain yield of wheat [J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,29(3):277.