木质素类生物质催化热解制备精细化学品研究进展
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摘要
能源和环境是当今世界的两大挑战,将生物质转化为燃料和化学品是应对该挑战的低碳方案。其中,催化热解木质素获得燃料和化学品是低碳方案的重要部分。本文以能源和环境问题为出发点,阐述了木质素催化热解制备燃料和化学品的可行性和必要性,并对催化裂解行为、催化裂解过程和催化产物等方面的国内外研究现状进行了系统介绍。文章首先对木质素的结构和转化过程进行了概述;然后从催化热解行为、催化热解产物以及催化剂的研究现状等方面进行了系统阐述,并对现有的催化木质素热解过程的机理研究进行了讨论。通过对木质素催化热解制备燃料和化学品的发展前景、技术瓶颈以及逻辑方面进行评估表明,木质素转化为燃料和化学品过程中提高产品的产率和能量效率是今后的总体目标,而原料供给和生产、催化剂开发、产品分离纯化、反应机理和动力学以及计算模拟等方面将是深入研究木质素高效利用的重要研究内容。
Energy and environment had been become the two major global challenges in the present world. The production fuels and chemicals from lignin may be an important part of the low-carbon solution to both issues. This paper took the energy and environmental problems as the starting point, thefeasibility and necessity of the production of fuel and chemicals via catalytic pyrolysis lignin weredescribed, and then the status of the research on the catalytic pyrolysis behavior, catalytic pyrolysisprocess and catalytic products at home and abroad were systematically introduced. A brief introduction ofthe structure and transformation process of lignin was presented. Then the catalytic pyrolysis behavior,catalytic pyrolysis products, and the research status of the used catalysts were systematically elaborated,and the existing mechanism of catalytic pyrolysis lignin was discussed. The assessment of the challenges and opportunities, mitigating technical, environmental, and logistical issues in the process of catalyticpyrolysis lignin for the fuel and chemicals production showed that improving product productivity andenergy efficiency in the conversion of lignin into fuel and chemicals will be the overall goal in the future,and the raw material supply and production, catalyst development, product separation and purification,reaction mechanism and kinetics, and computational simulation will be important research fields for further study on effective utilization of lignin.
Energy and environment had been become the two major global challenges in the present world. The production fuels and chemicals from lignin may be an important part of the low-carbon solution to both issues. This paper took the energy and environmental problems as the starting point, thefeasibility and necessity of the production of fuel and chemicals via catalytic pyrolysis lignin weredescribed, and then the status of the research on the catalytic pyrolysis behavior, catalytic pyrolysisprocess and catalytic products at home and abroad were systematically introduced. A brief introduction ofthe structure and transformation process of lignin was presented. Then the catalytic pyrolysis behavior,catalytic pyrolysis products, and the research status of the used catalysts were systematically elaborated,and the existing mechanism of catalytic pyrolysis lignin was discussed. The assessment of the challenges and opportunities, mitigating technical, environmental, and logistical issues in the process of catalyticpyrolysis lignin for the fuel and chemicals production showed that improving product productivity andenergy efficiency in the conversion of lignin into fuel and chemicals will be the overall goal in the future,and the raw material supply and production, catalyst development, product separation and purification,reaction mechanism and kinetics, and computational simulation will be important research fields for further study on effective utilization of lignin.
引文
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[3] ZHAO Chenxi, JIANG Enchen, CHEN Huiai. Volatile productionfrom pyrolysis of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin[J]. Journal ofthe Energy Institute, 2017, 90:902-913.
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[7] JIANG Weikun, WU Shunbin, LUCIA A, et al. A comparison of thepyrolysis behavior of selectedβ-O-4 type lignin model compounds[J]. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2017, 125:185-192.
[8] BISWAS Bijoy, SINGH Rawel, KUMAR Jitendra, et al. Slow pyrolysis of prot, alkali and dealkaline lignins for production ofchemicals[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2016, 213:319-326.
[9] PARK Jaeyong, RIAZ Asim, INSYANI Rizki, et al. Understandingthe relationship between the structure and depolymerizationbehavior of lignin[J]. Fuel, 2018, 217:202-210.
[10] YANG Le, SESHAN K, LI Yongdan. A review on thermalchemical reactions of lignin model compounds[J]. Catalysis Today,2017, 298:276-297.
[11] FAN Liangliang, CHEN Paul, ZHOU Nan, et al. In-situ and exsitu catalytic upgrading of vapors from microwave-assistedpyrolysis of lignin[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2018, 247:851-858.
[12] SHAFAGHAT Hoda, REZAEI Pouyasirous, RO Donghoon, et al.In-situ catalytic pyrolysis of lignin in a bench-scale fixed bedpyrolyzer[J]. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry,2017, 54:447-453.
[13] JIANG Zhicheng, HU Changwei. Selective extraction andconversion of lignin in actual biomass to monophenols:a review[J].Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2016, 25:947-956.
[14] WU Wei, BEN Haoxi, RAGAUSKAS Art, et al. Lignin pyrolysiscomponents and upgrading-technology review[J]. BioEnergyResearch, 2013, 6:1183-1204.
[15] WANG Shurong, LIN Haizhou, LU Bin, et al. Comparison of thepyrolysis behavior of pyrolytic lignin and milled wood lignin byusing TG-FTIR analysis[J]. Journal of Analytical and AppliedPyrolysis, 2014, 108:78-85.
[16] JIANG Guozhan, NOWAKOWSKI Daniel J, BRIDGWATERAnthony V. A systematic study of the kinetics of lignin pyrolysis[J]. Thermochimica Acta, 2010, 498:61-66.
[17]叶结旺,金春德,宋平安,等.碳酸钠催化碱木质素的热解动力学研究[J].林产化学与工业,2010,30(6):40-44.YE Jiewang, JIN Chunde, SONG Pingan, et al. Pyrolysis kineticsof alkali lignin catalyzed by sodium carbonate[J]. Chemistry andIndustry of Forest Product, 2010, 30(6):40-44.
[18] CHEN Zhihua, HU Mian, Zhu, Xiaolei, et al. Characteristics andkinetic study on pyrolysis of five lignocellulosic biomass viathermogravimetric analysis[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2015, 192:441-450.
[19] CAI Junmeng, Xu Di, DONG Zhujun, et al. Processingthermogravimetric analysis data for isoconversional kineticanalysis of lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis:case study of cornstalk[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2018, 82:2705-2715.
[20] ALMENDROS A I, BLAZQUEZ Gabriel, GALVEZ A R, et al.Study of the catalytic effect of nickel in the thermal decompositionof olive tree pruning via thermogravimetric analysis[J]. RenewableEnergy, 2017, 103:825-835.
[21] LONG Jinxing, XU Ying, WANG Tiejun, et al. Efficient base-catalyzed decomposition and in situ hydrogenolysis process forlignin depolymerization and char elimination[J]. Applied Energy,2015, 141:70-79.
[22] GUO Daliang, WU Shubin, LIU Bei, et al. Catalytic effects ofNaOH and Na2CO3additives on alkali lignin pyrolysis andgasification[J]. Applied Energy, 2012, 95:22-30.
[23] HUANG Weiwei, GONG Feiyan, FAN Minghui, et al. Productionof light olefins by catalytic conversion of lignocellulosic biomasswith HZSM-5 zeolite impregnated with 6wt%lanthanum[J].Bioresource Technology, 2012, 121:248-255.
[24] CHENGYuting,JAEJungho,SHIJian,etal.Productionofrenewablearomatic compounds by catalytic fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosicbiomasswithbifunctional catalysts[J].Angewandte Chemie:International Edition, 2012, 51(6):1387-1390.
[25] HE Peng, SHAN Wenpo, XIAO Ye, et al. Performance of Zn/ZSM-5for in situ catalytic upgrading of pyrolysis bio-oil by methane[J].Topics in Catalysis, 2015, 59(1):86-93.
[26] LIU Changjun, WANG Huaming, KARIM Ayman M, et al.Catalytic fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass[J]. ChemicalSociety Reviews, 2014, 43(22):7594-623.
[27] BEN Haoxi, MU Wei, DENG Yulin, et al. Production of renewablegasoline from aqueous phase hydrogenation of lignin pyrolysis oil[J]. Fuel, 2013, 103:1148-1153.
[28] SUN Laizhi, ZHANG Xiaodong, CHEN Lei, et al. Comparision ofcatalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass to aromatic hydrocarbons overZSM-5andFe/ZSM-5catalysts[J].JournalofAnalyticalandAppliedPyrolysis, 2016, 121:342-346.
[29] SARA?O?LU Elif, UZUN Basak Burcu, APAYDIN-VAROLEsin. Upgrading of fast pyrolysis bio-oil over Fe modified ZSM-5catalyst to enhance the formation of phenolic compounds[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2017, 42(33):21476-21486.
[30] POURIA Roya, VAFI Leyla, KARIMZADEH Ramin. Propanecatalytic cracking on pretreated La-ZSM-5 zeolite duringcalcination for light olefins production[J]. Journal of Rare Earths,2017, 35(6):542-550.
[31] YU Yanqing, LI Xiangyu, SU Lu, et al. The role of shapeselectivity in catalytic fast pyrolysis of lignin with zeolite catalysts[J]. Applied Catalysis A:General, 2012, 447/448:115-123.
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