中国牛冷冻精液质量性状的评估与分析
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摘要
为进一步提高牛冷冻精液的质量与探索技术关键,本研究对近年来国内各牛冷冻精液生产企业1720头份精液样品进行了质量分析,涉及品种有奶牛、肉牛类(包括乳肉兼用、黄牛、牦牛等)和奶水牛等。结果表明:剂量值(0.20±0.008)mL、活力(40.9±2.3)%、每剂量前进运动精子数(1224.3±291.7)万个、畸形率(12.6±3.8)%、细菌菌落数(38.9±192.7)个。年度间比较,活力呈不规则的起伏变化;2016年畸形率均值显著低于前2个年度,分别下降0.8%和1.3%,3个年度间均差异显著(P<0.05),2014年细菌菌落数显著高于其他2个年度(P<0.05);品种间比较,奶牛活力高于奶水牛0.5%、高于肉、兼用牛0.2%(P<0.05),奶水牛与肉牛及兼用牛之间差异不显著(P>0.05),奶水牛畸形率分别高于奶牛1.9%、高于肉用牛0.9%,均差异显著(P<0.05),前进运动精子数,奶水牛最高,奶牛最低,品种间均差异显著(P<0.05);生产企业间比较,活力、前进运动精子数、畸形率均分别存在不同差异。
To further improve the quality of bovine frozen semen and explore the relative key techniques, the quality of 1720 semen samples including dairy cattle, beef cattle(e.g. cattle, yellow cattle, yak, etc) and dairy buffalo, etc. from the domestic bovine frozen semen production enterprises was analyzed. The results showed that the dose value was(0.20±0.008) mL, the motility index was(40.9±2.3)%, the progressive motility sperm amount per dose was(1224.3±291.7)×104, the abnormal sperm percentage was(12.6±3.8)% and the bacterial count was(38.9±192.7). Motility index showed irregular interannual fluctuation changes, the abnormal rate in2016 was remarkably lower than that of the previous two years, decreased by 0.8% and 1.3% respectively. The difference among the three years was significant(P<0.05). The bacterial count in 2014 was significantly higher than that of the other two years(P<0.05). By comparison among breeds, the motility of dairy cattle was 0.5%higher than that of milk buffalo, 0.2% higher than that of beef cattle and cattle(P<0.05). There was no significant difference between milk buffalo, beef cattle and cattle(P>0.05). The abnormal sperm percentage of milk buffalo was 1.9% and 0.9% higher than that of dairy cattle and beef cattle respectively, and the difference is significant among the breeds(P<0.05). As for the progressive motility sperm amount per dose, milk buffalo was the maximum, dairy cattle was the minimum, and the difference among the breeds was significant(P<0.05). There were distinct differences in the quality index including motility, the progressive motility sperm amount per dose, the abnormal sperm percentage of the samples from different enterprises.
To further improve the quality of bovine frozen semen and explore the relative key techniques, the quality of 1720 semen samples including dairy cattle, beef cattle(e.g. cattle, yellow cattle, yak, etc) and dairy buffalo, etc. from the domestic bovine frozen semen production enterprises was analyzed. The results showed that the dose value was(0.20±0.008) mL, the motility index was(40.9±2.3)%, the progressive motility sperm amount per dose was(1224.3±291.7)×104, the abnormal sperm percentage was(12.6±3.8)% and the bacterial count was(38.9±192.7). Motility index showed irregular interannual fluctuation changes, the abnormal rate in2016 was remarkably lower than that of the previous two years, decreased by 0.8% and 1.3% respectively. The difference among the three years was significant(P<0.05). The bacterial count in 2014 was significantly higher than that of the other two years(P<0.05). By comparison among breeds, the motility of dairy cattle was 0.5%higher than that of milk buffalo, 0.2% higher than that of beef cattle and cattle(P<0.05). There was no significant difference between milk buffalo, beef cattle and cattle(P>0.05). The abnormal sperm percentage of milk buffalo was 1.9% and 0.9% higher than that of dairy cattle and beef cattle respectively, and the difference is significant among the breeds(P<0.05). As for the progressive motility sperm amount per dose, milk buffalo was the maximum, dairy cattle was the minimum, and the difference among the breeds was significant(P<0.05). There were distinct differences in the quality index including motility, the progressive motility sperm amount per dose, the abnormal sperm percentage of the samples from different enterprises.
引文
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[2] EC-Minimum Requirements for Bovine Ejaculates[S]. Commission Implementing Decision 2011/629/EU of 20 September 2011.
[3] Minimum Standards For Production of Frozen Semen[S].Department of Animal Husbandry&Dairying. Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India.
[4]李建斌.影响荷斯坦种公牛精液生产性状的环境因素分析[J].中国畜牧杂志,2012,48(7):9-12.
[5]陈丽梅,郑鸿培.中国牛冷冻精液的发展历史及现状分析[J].畜禽业,2011(11)38-39.
[6]胡传活,胡传水,梁兴伟,等.牛精液冷冻技术研究进展[J].广西科学,2004,11(4):370-374.
[7]李晓强,陈兴平,贾永红,等.牛精液冷冻技术应用研究进展[J].中国牛业科学,2006(5):59-62.
[8]陈军,曾黎,程相鲁,等.家畜精液冷冻技术的研究进展,[J].新疆畜牧业,2012(12):14-17.
[9]王香祖,席继锋,韩学平,等.提高牛冷冻精液质量的技术研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2011,4(上):57-58.
[10] GB/4143-2008牛冷冻精液标准[S].北京:中华人民共和国标准化委员会.
[11]金穗华,王振云.牛冷冻精液中前进运动精子数的研究[J].中国奶牛,2013,15:27-29.
[12]王振云,李慧,金穗华,等.牛冷冻精液中精子畸形与顶体形态的相关分析[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2014,04:67-68.
[13]金穗华,王振云,刘桂霞,等.冷冻精液精子活力与顶体完整率相关性的研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2013,49(21):24-27.
[14]刘绍贵,欧阳晓芳.不同品种种公牛繁殖性能分析[J].中国牛业科学,2010(4):19-21.
[15]金穗华,王鹏武,马国辉,等.云南地区牛冷冻精液质量性状的表现与研究[J].中国奶牛,2015,3/4:17-19.
[16]栗颖华,禹学礼,李恒帅等.季节变化对不同品种的种公牛精液品质的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2010,42(8):34-37.
[17]李慧颖.不同有效精子数对母牛受胎率的影响[J].黑龙江动物繁殖,2005,13(4):41-42.
[18]胡传活.牛精液冷冻技术的研究进展[J].广西科学,2004,11(4):372.
[19]杨忠华.关于牛冷冻精液有效精子数标准的探讨[J].黑龙江动物繁,2007,15(1):30.
[20]秦和春,金穗华.牛精液的质量与母牛受精率关系[J].畜牧与兽医,2007,39(4):29-30.
[21]林蔚梅.利用数理统计方法分析产品质量的稳定性[J].甘肃联合大学学报,2010(3):17-19.
[22]李孝娟,赵而祝,于仰华,等.黑龙江家畜繁育指导站种公牛精子畸形率的观察与研究[J].黑龙江省畜牧兽医,2002,6:15-17.
[23]金穗华,王鹏武,马国辉,等.影响公牛精子形态异常的原因分析[J].畜牧兽医杂志,2015(5):19-21.
[24]田亚光,郑鹏,李万华,等.年龄和品种对种公牛精液品质的影响[J].黑龙江动物繁殖,2007(3/4):34-35.
[25]刘永文,王力生.不同品种公牛精液品质的比较[J].现代农业科技,2015(21):262-265.
[26]杨学时.畸形精子及其评定法[A].全国牛冷冻精液国家标准培训班论文集[C].长春:吉林省农业科学院,1985:134-135.
[27] Hafez E S.农畜繁殖学[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1975:313-314.
[28]金穗华.牛冷冻精液生产标准作业程序[M].南京:江苏凤凰科学技术出版社,2015.
[2] EC-Minimum Requirements for Bovine Ejaculates[S]. Commission Implementing Decision 2011/629/EU of 20 September 2011.
[3] Minimum Standards For Production of Frozen Semen[S].Department of Animal Husbandry&Dairying. Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India.
[4]李建斌.影响荷斯坦种公牛精液生产性状的环境因素分析[J].中国畜牧杂志,2012,48(7):9-12.
[5]陈丽梅,郑鸿培.中国牛冷冻精液的发展历史及现状分析[J].畜禽业,2011(11)38-39.
[6]胡传活,胡传水,梁兴伟,等.牛精液冷冻技术研究进展[J].广西科学,2004,11(4):370-374.
[7]李晓强,陈兴平,贾永红,等.牛精液冷冻技术应用研究进展[J].中国牛业科学,2006(5):59-62.
[8]陈军,曾黎,程相鲁,等.家畜精液冷冻技术的研究进展,[J].新疆畜牧业,2012(12):14-17.
[9]王香祖,席继锋,韩学平,等.提高牛冷冻精液质量的技术研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2011,4(上):57-58.
[10] GB/4143-2008牛冷冻精液标准[S].北京:中华人民共和国标准化委员会.
[11]金穗华,王振云.牛冷冻精液中前进运动精子数的研究[J].中国奶牛,2013,15:27-29.
[12]王振云,李慧,金穗华,等.牛冷冻精液中精子畸形与顶体形态的相关分析[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2014,04:67-68.
[13]金穗华,王振云,刘桂霞,等.冷冻精液精子活力与顶体完整率相关性的研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2013,49(21):24-27.
[14]刘绍贵,欧阳晓芳.不同品种种公牛繁殖性能分析[J].中国牛业科学,2010(4):19-21.
[15]金穗华,王鹏武,马国辉,等.云南地区牛冷冻精液质量性状的表现与研究[J].中国奶牛,2015,3/4:17-19.
[16]栗颖华,禹学礼,李恒帅等.季节变化对不同品种的种公牛精液品质的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2010,42(8):34-37.
[17]李慧颖.不同有效精子数对母牛受胎率的影响[J].黑龙江动物繁殖,2005,13(4):41-42.
[18]胡传活.牛精液冷冻技术的研究进展[J].广西科学,2004,11(4):372.
[19]杨忠华.关于牛冷冻精液有效精子数标准的探讨[J].黑龙江动物繁,2007,15(1):30.
[20]秦和春,金穗华.牛精液的质量与母牛受精率关系[J].畜牧与兽医,2007,39(4):29-30.
[21]林蔚梅.利用数理统计方法分析产品质量的稳定性[J].甘肃联合大学学报,2010(3):17-19.
[22]李孝娟,赵而祝,于仰华,等.黑龙江家畜繁育指导站种公牛精子畸形率的观察与研究[J].黑龙江省畜牧兽医,2002,6:15-17.
[23]金穗华,王鹏武,马国辉,等.影响公牛精子形态异常的原因分析[J].畜牧兽医杂志,2015(5):19-21.
[24]田亚光,郑鹏,李万华,等.年龄和品种对种公牛精液品质的影响[J].黑龙江动物繁殖,2007(3/4):34-35.
[25]刘永文,王力生.不同品种公牛精液品质的比较[J].现代农业科技,2015(21):262-265.
[26]杨学时.畸形精子及其评定法[A].全国牛冷冻精液国家标准培训班论文集[C].长春:吉林省农业科学院,1985:134-135.
[27] Hafez E S.农畜繁殖学[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1975:313-314.
[28]金穗华.牛冷冻精液生产标准作业程序[M].南京:江苏凤凰科学技术出版社,2015.