《申报》与中国红十字事业的起步
|
摘要
舆论动员是中国红十字事业起步的先决条件。19世纪70年代至20世纪初期,《申报》为中国红十字事业的起步作了广泛的舆论动员。就舆论动员的内容来说,既有对发生在中国的相关红十字活动的报道,也有对红十字会知识的系统介绍和对时人对红十字事业认知偏见的辩驳,更有对兴办红十字事业利益的直接宣传和对红十字条约章程的引介。《申报》的舆论动员,使人们对红十字事业起步的可能性、可行性和必要性都有了一定的认识,创设了红十字事业起步的舆论环境,并在思想和实践方面产生了重要的影响。遍及整个中国的民族主义情感是中国红十字事业起步的驱动力,《申报》则为这场事业搭建了大众参与的平台。
Public opinion mobilization was a prerequisite for the start of the Red Cross in China. From the 1870s to the early 20th century,Shen Bao made extensive public opinion mobilization for the beginning of the Red Cross in China. In terms of the content of public opinion mobilization,there were not only reports on the relevant Red Cross activities in China,but also systematic introduction of the knowledge of the Red Cross and refutation of the cognitive bias of the Red Cross at that time,as well as direct publicity of the interests of the Red Cross cause and introduction of the articles of the Red Cross treaty. The public opinion mobilization of Shen Bao made people have a certain understanding of the possibility,feasibility and necessity of beginning the Red Cross cause. It created a public opinion environment for beginning the Red Cross cause and had important social impacts in thought and practice. The nationalist sentiment throughout China was the driving force of the beginning of the Red Cross cause in China,and Shen Bao provided a platform for mass participation in the cause.
Public opinion mobilization was a prerequisite for the start of the Red Cross in China. From the 1870s to the early 20th century,Shen Bao made extensive public opinion mobilization for the beginning of the Red Cross in China. In terms of the content of public opinion mobilization,there were not only reports on the relevant Red Cross activities in China,but also systematic introduction of the knowledge of the Red Cross and refutation of the cognitive bias of the Red Cross at that time,as well as direct publicity of the interests of the Red Cross cause and introduction of the articles of the Red Cross treaty. The public opinion mobilization of Shen Bao made people have a certain understanding of the possibility,feasibility and necessity of beginning the Red Cross cause. It created a public opinion environment for beginning the Red Cross cause and had important social impacts in thought and practice. The nationalist sentiment throughout China was the driving force of the beginning of the Red Cross cause in China,and Shen Bao provided a platform for mass participation in the cause.
引文
[1]本馆告白[N].申报,1872-03-23.
[2]艾志端.铁泪图:19世纪中国对于饥馑的文化反应[M].曹曦,译.南京:江苏人民出版社,2011.
[3]周秋光,靳环宇.早期红十字会在中国的演变[N].光明日报,2006-02-21.
[4]交战时宜预筹保护人命[N].申报,1874-09-07.
[5]论梅威令医生教习之认真[N].申报,1888-07-28.
[6]书本报领恳志盛事后[N].申报,1888-08-07.
[7]中国宜入红十字会说[N].申报,1904-03-05.
[8]创兴红十字会说[N].申报,1898-05-09.
[9]行军以医生为要说[N].申报,1894-12-19.
[10]论倭奴残暴[N].申报,1894-12-05.
[11]中国亟宜创兴红十字会说[N].申报,1899-04-10.
[12]创兴善会[N].申报,1898-03-26.
[13]池子华,郝如一.近代江苏红十字运动(1904—1949)[M].合肥:安徽人民出版社,2007.
[14]红十字会说[N].申报,1898-11-16.
[15]红十字会历史节译[N].申报,1898-05-30.
[16]接录红十字会说[N].申报,1898-11-17.
[17]论金陵拟设西医院事[N].申报,1896-05-24.
[18]皮嘉祐.平等说[N].湘报,1898-05-14.
[19]清民列入红十字会(译长崎新报)[N].岭学报,1898-05-10.
[20]中国人入日本赤十字社[N].知新报,1899-07-28.
[21]哈罗德·伊尼斯.传播的偏向[M].何道宽,译.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2003.
[22]梁启超.敬告我同业诸君[N].新民丛报,1902-10-02.
[23]沈金涛.阐发推行本刊之真缔[J].中国红十字会月刊,1935(2):3-4.
[24]谭嗣同(著),加润国(选注).仁学———谭嗣同集[M].沈阳:辽宁人民出版社,1994.
[25]邹振环.译林旧踪[M].南昌:江西教育出版社,2000.
[26]宸翰褎功[N].申报,1897-02-08.
[27]衡州府开办任学会章程[N].湘报,1898-03-25.
[28]兴亚大会集议记[N].湘报,1898-05-25.
[29]李木兰.性别、政治与民主:近代中国的妇女参政[M].方小平,译,南京:江苏人民出版社,2014.
[30]王熙普.创设红十字会之理由[N].申报,1907-07-03.
[31]马歇尔·麦克卢汉.理解媒介———论人的延伸[M].何道宽,译,北京:商务印书馆,2000.
[2]艾志端.铁泪图:19世纪中国对于饥馑的文化反应[M].曹曦,译.南京:江苏人民出版社,2011.
[3]周秋光,靳环宇.早期红十字会在中国的演变[N].光明日报,2006-02-21.
[4]交战时宜预筹保护人命[N].申报,1874-09-07.
[5]论梅威令医生教习之认真[N].申报,1888-07-28.
[6]书本报领恳志盛事后[N].申报,1888-08-07.
[7]中国宜入红十字会说[N].申报,1904-03-05.
[8]创兴红十字会说[N].申报,1898-05-09.
[9]行军以医生为要说[N].申报,1894-12-19.
[10]论倭奴残暴[N].申报,1894-12-05.
[11]中国亟宜创兴红十字会说[N].申报,1899-04-10.
[12]创兴善会[N].申报,1898-03-26.
[13]池子华,郝如一.近代江苏红十字运动(1904—1949)[M].合肥:安徽人民出版社,2007.
[14]红十字会说[N].申报,1898-11-16.
[15]红十字会历史节译[N].申报,1898-05-30.
[16]接录红十字会说[N].申报,1898-11-17.
[17]论金陵拟设西医院事[N].申报,1896-05-24.
[18]皮嘉祐.平等说[N].湘报,1898-05-14.
[19]清民列入红十字会(译长崎新报)[N].岭学报,1898-05-10.
[20]中国人入日本赤十字社[N].知新报,1899-07-28.
[21]哈罗德·伊尼斯.传播的偏向[M].何道宽,译.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2003.
[22]梁启超.敬告我同业诸君[N].新民丛报,1902-10-02.
[23]沈金涛.阐发推行本刊之真缔[J].中国红十字会月刊,1935(2):3-4.
[24]谭嗣同(著),加润国(选注).仁学———谭嗣同集[M].沈阳:辽宁人民出版社,1994.
[25]邹振环.译林旧踪[M].南昌:江西教育出版社,2000.
[26]宸翰褎功[N].申报,1897-02-08.
[27]衡州府开办任学会章程[N].湘报,1898-03-25.
[28]兴亚大会集议记[N].湘报,1898-05-25.
[29]李木兰.性别、政治与民主:近代中国的妇女参政[M].方小平,译,南京:江苏人民出版社,2014.
[30]王熙普.创设红十字会之理由[N].申报,1907-07-03.
[31]马歇尔·麦克卢汉.理解媒介———论人的延伸[M].何道宽,译,北京:商务印书馆,2000.