不同围填海土地利用类型对土壤氮元素的影响
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摘要
土壤氮元素是植物生长的重要营养元素,不同土地利用类型对土壤氮元素的影响不同。近年来,滨海湿地的围垦作为应对土地资源短缺的一个重要对策被广泛地使用,而由围垦所导致的不同土地类型对土壤氮元素影响方面的研究较少。通过比较盐城围填海区域芦苇沼泽、农田、盐田、鱼塘、城镇建设和光滩6种土地类型对植物地上生物量、土壤总氮含量、铵态氮变化量和硝态氮变化量、土壤氮矿化速率的影响,试图探讨不同土地利用类型对土壤氮元素的影响。研究结果表明,芦苇沼泽的植物总生物量远高于其他围填海类型;与芦苇沼泽相比,农田和鱼塘土壤总氮含量水平偏高,对土壤总氮影响较大;农田和鱼塘以外的其他土地利用类型土壤的铵态氮含量均呈上升趋势;鱼塘中土壤硝态氮含量的增加量显著高于芦苇沼泽土地利用类型;不同围填海利用类型的氮矿化速率随着土壤深度的增加而减小,其中鱼塘氮矿化速率显著高于其他土地利用类型。以上研究结果表明,与其他几种土地利用类型相比,农田和鱼塘土地类型的总氮含量与硝态氮含量较高,对滨海湿地氮元素的平衡有较大影响,应适度开发。
引文
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[20]彭佩钦,张文菊,童成立,等. 洞庭湖典型湿地土壤碳、氮和微生物碳、氮及其垂直分布[J]. 水土保持学报,2005,19(1):49-53.
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[23]Zaman M,Saggar S,Blennerhassett J D,et al. Effect of urease and nitrification inhibitors on N transformation,gaseous emissions of ammonia and nitrous oxide,pasture yield and N uptake in grazed pasture system[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2009,41(6):1270-1280.
[24]Chen Y T,Borken W,Stange C F,et al. Dynamics of nitrogen and carbon mineralization in a fen soil following water table fluctuations[J]. Wetlands,2012,32(3):579-587.
[25]Ehrenfeld J G,Yu S. Patterns of nitrogen mineralization in wetlands of the New Jersey Pinelands along a shallow water table gradient[J]. American Midland Naturalist,2012,167(2):322-335.
[26]Fujita Y,Bodegom P V,Venterink H O,et al. Towards a proper integration of hydrology in predicting soil nitrogen mineralization rates along natural moisture gradients[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2013,58:302-312.
[27]卢佳,胡正义. 围海造田长期耕种稻田和旱地土壤氮矿化速率及供氮潜力比较[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报,2010(1):62-70.
[28]李铭,朱利川,张全发,等. 不同土地利用类型对丹江口库区土壤氮矿化的影响[J]. 植物生态学报,2012,36(6):530-538.
[29]Chen S X,Wang G B,Hong-Hua R,et al. Seasonal variations of soil nitrogen mineralization under different land-use types in a coastal area in northern Jiangsu,China[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2014,32(10):276-282.
[30]Verhoeven J T A,Maltby E,Schnitz M B. Nitrogen and phosphorus mineralization in fens and bogs[J]. Journal of Ecology,1990,78(3):713-726.
[2]李合生. 现代植物生理学[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社,2012:216-227.
[3]李贵才,韩兴国,黄建辉,等. 森林生态系统土壤氮矿化影响因素研究进展[J]. 生态学报,2001,21(7):1187-1195.
[4]An S Q,Li H,Guan B H,et al. China's natural wetlands:past problems,current status,and future challenges[J]. Ambio,2007,36(4):335-342.
[5]张晓祥,严长清,徐盼,等. 近代以来江苏沿海滩涂围垦历史演变研究[J]. 地理学报,2013,68(11):1549-1558.
[6]Cui B S,He Q,Gu B H,et al. China's coastal wetlands:understanding environmental changes and human impacts for management and conservation[J]. Wetlands,2016,36(S1):S1-S9.
[7]胡小颖,周兴华,刘峰,等. 关于围填海造地引发环境问题的研究及其管理对策的探讨[J]. 海洋开发与管理,2009,26(10):80-86.
[8]Mukai H. Habitat diversity and its loss in Japanese coastal marine ecosystems[C]. Kyoto:International Symposium on Integrated Coastal Management for Marine Biodiversity in Asia,2010.
[9]Wolanski E. Estuaries of Australia in 2050 and beyond[M]. Heidelberg:Springer,2014:1-13.
[10]Diop S,Barusseau J P,Descamps C. The land/ocean interactions in the coastal zone of west and central Africa[M]. Heidelberg:Springer,2014:203-212.
[11]Naser H A. Marine ecosystem diversity in the Arabian Gulf:threats and conservation[M/OL]//[2017-12-01]. https://www.intechopen.com/books/biodiversity-the-dynamic-balance-of-the-planet/marine-ecosystem-diversity-in-the-arabian-gulf-threats-and-conservation.
[12]Duan H B,Zhang H,Huang Q F,et al. Characterization and environmental impact analysis of sea land reclamation activities in China[J]. Ocean & Coastal Management,2016,130:128-137.
[13]中国科学院学部. 我国围填海工程中的若干科学问题及对策建议[J]. 中国科学院院刊,2011,26(2):171-173.
[14]Iost S,Landgraf D,Makeschin F. Chemical soil properties of reclaimed marsh soil from Zhejiang Province,P.R. China[J]. Geoderma,2007,142(3/4):245-250.
[15]Li X Z,Sun Y G,ülo M,et al. Effects of land use intensity on soil nutrient distribution after reclamation in an estuary landscape[J]. Landscape Ecology,2013,28(4):699-707.
[16]Levine J M,Brewer J S,Bertness M D. Nutrients,competition and plant zonation in a New England salt marsh[J]. Journal of Ecology,1998,86(2):285-292.
[17]Fang S B,Jia X B,Qian Q T,et al. Reclamation history and development intensity determine soil and vegetation characteristics on developed coasts[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2017,586:1263-1271.
[18]Fang S B,Xu C,Jia X B,et al. Using heavy metals to detect the human disturbances spatial scale on Chinese Yellow Sea coasts with an integrated analysis[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,184(1/2/3):375-385.
[19]冯育青,陈月琴,阮宏华,等. 苏州太湖湖滨带不同水分梯度土壤氮的时空变异特征[J]. 华东森林经理,2010,24(1):7-14.
[20]彭佩钦,张文菊,童成立,等. 洞庭湖典型湿地土壤碳、氮和微生物碳、氮及其垂直分布[J]. 水土保持学报,2005,19(1):49-53.
[21]Wang C H,Wan S Q,Xing X R,et al. Temperature and soil moisture interactively affected soil net N mineralization in temperate grassland in Northern China[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2006,38(5):1101-1110.
[22]Gao H F,Bai J H,Xiao R,et al. Soil net nitrogen mineralization in salt marshes with different flooding periods in the Yellow River Delta,China[J]. Clean - Soil Air Water,2012,40(10):1111-1117.
[23]Zaman M,Saggar S,Blennerhassett J D,et al. Effect of urease and nitrification inhibitors on N transformation,gaseous emissions of ammonia and nitrous oxide,pasture yield and N uptake in grazed pasture system[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2009,41(6):1270-1280.
[24]Chen Y T,Borken W,Stange C F,et al. Dynamics of nitrogen and carbon mineralization in a fen soil following water table fluctuations[J]. Wetlands,2012,32(3):579-587.
[25]Ehrenfeld J G,Yu S. Patterns of nitrogen mineralization in wetlands of the New Jersey Pinelands along a shallow water table gradient[J]. American Midland Naturalist,2012,167(2):322-335.
[26]Fujita Y,Bodegom P V,Venterink H O,et al. Towards a proper integration of hydrology in predicting soil nitrogen mineralization rates along natural moisture gradients[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2013,58:302-312.
[27]卢佳,胡正义. 围海造田长期耕种稻田和旱地土壤氮矿化速率及供氮潜力比较[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报,2010(1):62-70.
[28]李铭,朱利川,张全发,等. 不同土地利用类型对丹江口库区土壤氮矿化的影响[J]. 植物生态学报,2012,36(6):530-538.
[29]Chen S X,Wang G B,Hong-Hua R,et al. Seasonal variations of soil nitrogen mineralization under different land-use types in a coastal area in northern Jiangsu,China[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2014,32(10):276-282.
[30]Verhoeven J T A,Maltby E,Schnitz M B. Nitrogen and phosphorus mineralization in fens and bogs[J]. Journal of Ecology,1990,78(3):713-726.