Numerical Taxonomy and Bayes Discriminant Analysis on 42 Fossil Species in Dicksoniaceae from China
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摘要
As the basal group of Polypodiales, the specific taxonomy of Dicksoniaceae is still being debated. As aquantitative analysis method, numerical taxonomy has been applied to the taxonomic study of many plant families andgenera in recent years due to its simplicity and high accuracy. However, the numerical analysis of the Dicksoniaceae fossilshas not been reported at present. In the present study, the pinnule morphological data of 42 Mesozoic fossil species of theDicksoniaceae were analyzed using cluster analysis, principal component analysis and correlation analysis. The resultsrevealed that 42 taxonomic units could be divided into six representative groups, which are consistent with the traditionaltaxonomy. After screening, an identification key on 28 fossil species of four genera with a definite taxonomic position wasestablished. According to the quantitative analysis, a Bayes discriminant model was established for the selected species.Lastly, the model was tested using the morphological data of the fossil pinnules in Dicksoniaceae from the YaojieFormation, suggesting that the discriminant model is accurate to a certain extent. As a result, the numerical taxonomy canbe applied to the classification of the Dicksoniaceae fossils.
As the basal group of Polypodiales, the specific taxonomy of Dicksoniaceae is still being debated. As aquantitative analysis method, numerical taxonomy has been applied to the taxonomic study of many plant families andgenera in recent years due to its simplicity and high accuracy. However, the numerical analysis of the Dicksoniaceae fossilshas not been reported at present. In the present study, the pinnule morphological data of 42 Mesozoic fossil species of theDicksoniaceae were analyzed using cluster analysis, principal component analysis and correlation analysis. The resultsrevealed that 42 taxonomic units could be divided into six representative groups, which are consistent with the traditionaltaxonomy. After screening, an identification key on 28 fossil species of four genera with a definite taxonomic position wasestablished. According to the quantitative analysis, a Bayes discriminant model was established for the selected species.Lastly, the model was tested using the morphological data of the fossil pinnules in Dicksoniaceae from the YaojieFormation, suggesting that the discriminant model is accurate to a certain extent. As a result, the numerical taxonomy canbe applied to the classification of the Dicksoniaceae fossils.
As the basal group of Polypodiales, the specific taxonomy of Dicksoniaceae is still being debated. As aquantitative analysis method, numerical taxonomy has been applied to the taxonomic study of many plant families andgenera in recent years due to its simplicity and high accuracy. However, the numerical analysis of the Dicksoniaceae fossilshas not been reported at present. In the present study, the pinnule morphological data of 42 Mesozoic fossil species of theDicksoniaceae were analyzed using cluster analysis, principal component analysis and correlation analysis. The resultsrevealed that 42 taxonomic units could be divided into six representative groups, which are consistent with the traditionaltaxonomy. After screening, an identification key on 28 fossil species of four genera with a definite taxonomic position wasestablished. According to the quantitative analysis, a Bayes discriminant model was established for the selected species.Lastly, the model was tested using the morphological data of the fossil pinnules in Dicksoniaceae from the YaojieFormation, suggesting that the discriminant model is accurate to a certain extent. As a result, the numerical taxonomy canbe applied to the classification of the Dicksoniaceae fossils.
引文
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Lu Guoquan and Peng Lin,2018.Study on plant identification algorithm based on quantity classification.Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,46:157-160(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Chao,Li Juan and Zhang Mingli,2013.A numerical taxonomical study of Epimedium L..Acta Botanica BorealiOccidentalia Sinica,33:2339-2345(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Peijuan,He Yuanliang,Wu Xiangwu,Mei Shengwu and Li Bingyou,1988.Early and Middle Jurassic strata and their floras from northeastern border of Qaidam Basin,Qinghai.Nanjing:Nanjing University Press,48-76(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Qijia,2016.Plant composition and paleoenvironmental analysis of Middle Jurassic flora in Huating,Gansu Province.Lanzhou:Lanzhou University(Master thesis)(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lv Xiaodong,2010.Fossil fruit of Trapa L.from the Miocene in eatern Zhejiang and its paleoenvironment.Lanzhou:Lanzhou University(Master thesis)(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Xindong and Cen Qingya,1996.The classificatory system study of Pinceae by means of cluster analysis.Journal of Hubei Normal University(Natural Science),(03):52-56+65(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Yan and Li Lu,2006.Preliminary analysis on the similarity coefficient study of representative Jurassic floras from China.Chinese Bulletin of Botany,23:380-388(in Chinese with English abstract).
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Mi Jiarong,Yuan Qingyang,Sun Chunlin and Hou Haitao,1991.Classification of some fossil Ginkgolean leaves by computerization.Chinese Bulletin of Botany,297-303(in Chinese with English abstract).
Ren Shouqin and Chen Fen,1989.Fossil plants from Early Cretaceous Damoguaihe Formation in Wujiu coal Basin,Hailar,Inner Mongolia.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,28:634-641(in Chinese with English abstract).
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Sze,H.C.,1956.On a westphalian flora of the chungning county in the Gansu province.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,02:117-136(in Chinese with English abstract).
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Sun Bainian,1986.A prelminary study of Middle Jurassic fossil plants from Yaojie coal-field of Lanzhou.Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),22:113-118(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sun Keqin,Cui Jinzhong,Wang Shijun,2010.Volume 2,Fossil pteridophytes in China.Beijing:Higher Education Press,179-295(in Chinese).
Sun Fusheng,1989.On subdivision of angara floral province in light of cluster analysis.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,28:773-785(in Chinese with English abstract).
Shen Xuemei,2015.Study on numerical taxonomy and molecular taxonomy of 17 Species of Machilus Nees(Lauraceae).Shanghai:East China Normal University(Master thesis)(in Chinese with English abstract).
Van Konijnenburg-van Citter,J.H.A.,1989.Dicksoniaceous spores in situ from the Jurassic of Yorkshire,England.Review of Palaeobotany&Palynology,61:273-301.
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Wang Jun,Zhang Quanxing and Sheng Guanglong,1999.Permian phytogeography of cathaysian flora in China in the light of cluster analysis.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,38:530-543(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Yongdong,2002.Fern ecological implications from the Lower Jurassic in Western Hubei,China.Review of Palaeobotany&Palynology,119:125-141.
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Bystritskaya,L.,2013.New finds of ferns from Middle Jurassic deposits of Ob-Tazovsky facies area of Western Siberia.Journal of Tomsk State University,367:170-176.
Cantrill,D.J.,and Nagalingum,N.S.,2005.Ferns from the Cretaceous of Alexander Island,Antarctica:implications for Cretaceous phytogeography of the Southern hemisphere.Review of Palaeobotany&Palynology,137:83-103.
Cao Zhengyao and Zhang Yaling,1996.A new species of Coniopteris from Jurassic of Gansu.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,35:241-247(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Fen,Yang Guan Xiu and Zhou Huiqin,1981.Lower Cretaceous flora in Fuxin basin,Liaoning province,China.Earth Science,(2):41-53+274-277(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Fen,Dou Yawei and Huang Qisheng,1984.The Jurassic flora of West Hills Beijing(Peking).Beijing:Geological Publishing House(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Fen,Meng Xiangying,Ren Shouqin and Wu Chonglong,1988.The Early Cretaceous flora of Fuxin Basin and Tiefa Basin,Liaoning Province.Beijing:Geological Publishing House(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Shouliang,Xu Kexue and Sheng Guoying,1983.Numerical classification and determination of taxa of chinese bamboos with leptomorph rhizomes.Acta phytotaxonomica sinica,21(2):113-120(in Chinese with English abstract).
Deng Shenghui,Ren Shouqin and Chen Fen,1997.Early Cretaceous flora of Hailar,Inner Mongolia,China.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,33-34(in Chinese with English abstract).
Deng Shenghui and Chen Fen,1997.Characteristics of in situ reproductive organs of Early Cretaceous Pteridophytes in Northeast China.Chinese Science Bulletin,42:1536-1537(in Chinese).
Deng Shenghui and Chen Fen,2001.The Early Cretaceous filicopsida from Northeast China.Beijing:Science Press(in Chinese with English abstract).
Deng Senghui,2002.Ecology of the Early Cretaceous ferns of Northeast China.Review of Palaeobotany&Palynology,119:93-112.
Ding Qiuhong,Zhang Lidong,Guo Shengzhe,Zhang Changjie,Peng Yandong,Ja Bin,Chen Shuwang and Xing Dehe,2003.Study on the paleoecology of Yixian formation in Beipiao area,western Liaoing province,China.Geology and Resources,12:9-18(in Chinese with English abstract).
Gu Daoyuan,1984.Pteridophyta.See:Geological Survey Office of Xinjiang Petroleum Administration,Regional Surveying Brigade of Xinjiang Geological Bureau.Paleontological Atlas of Northwest China,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Section(III),Mesozoic and Cenozoic parts.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,134-159(in Chinese).
Harris,T.M.,1961.The Yorkshire Jurassic Flora,I,Thallophyta-Pteridophyta.London:British Museum(Natural History),1-212.
Huang Qisheng,2001.Early Jurassic flora and paleoenvironment in Daxian and Kaixian counties,north border of Sichuan Basin,China.Earth Science,26:221-228(in Chinese with English abstract).
He Yingfu,2007.Study on the plantecology and phytogeography of middle Late Paleozoic-early Late Permian in Western Hills of Beijing.Beijing:China University of Geosciences,Beijing(Master thesis)(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jordan,G.J.,Macphail,M.K.and Hill,R.S,1996.A fertile pinnule fragment with spores of Dicksonia,from Early Oligocene sediments in Tasmania.Review of Palaeobotany&Palynology,92:245-252.
Krassilov,V.A.,1978.Mesozioic Lycopods and Ferns from the Bureja Basin.Palaeontogr.Abt.B,166:16-29.
Kostina,E.I.,and Herman,A.B.,2013.Middle Jurassic flora of South Mongolia:Composition,age and phytogeographic position.Paleontological Journal,193(12):82-98.
Lu Guoquan and Peng Lin,2018.Study on plant identification algorithm based on quantity classification.Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,46:157-160(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Chao,Li Juan and Zhang Mingli,2013.A numerical taxonomical study of Epimedium L..Acta Botanica BorealiOccidentalia Sinica,33:2339-2345(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Peijuan,He Yuanliang,Wu Xiangwu,Mei Shengwu and Li Bingyou,1988.Early and Middle Jurassic strata and their floras from northeastern border of Qaidam Basin,Qinghai.Nanjing:Nanjing University Press,48-76(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Qijia,2016.Plant composition and paleoenvironmental analysis of Middle Jurassic flora in Huating,Gansu Province.Lanzhou:Lanzhou University(Master thesis)(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lv Xiaodong,2010.Fossil fruit of Trapa L.from the Miocene in eatern Zhejiang and its paleoenvironment.Lanzhou:Lanzhou University(Master thesis)(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Xindong and Cen Qingya,1996.The classificatory system study of Pinceae by means of cluster analysis.Journal of Hubei Normal University(Natural Science),(03):52-56+65(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Yan and Li Lu,2006.Preliminary analysis on the similarity coefficient study of representative Jurassic floras from China.Chinese Bulletin of Botany,23:380-388(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Zijin,1982.Vegetable Kingdom.See:Xi'an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources.Paleontological Atlas of Northwest China,Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Section(III),Mesozoic and Cenozoic parts.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,116-139(in Chinese).
Mairot,C.,Guignard,G.,Yang Xiaoju and Zhou Zhiyan,2014.Cuticle micro-and ultrastructure of Suturovagina,Chow et Tsao(Cheirolepidiaceae):Taxonomic and palaeoecological implications.Review of Palaeobotany&Palynology,205:9-21.
Ma Qingwen,Wang Yufei and Chen Yong,1996.Advances of genus Coniopteris.Chinese Bulletin of Botany,13(Suppl):28-34(in Chinese with English abstract).
Mi Jiarong,Zhang Chuanbo and Sun Chunlin,1986.On the problem of the division of Late Triassic palaeobotanic province in the north of China.Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),(04):1-9(in Chinese with English abstract).
Mi Jiarong,Yuan Qingyang,Sun Chunlin and Hou Haitao,1991.Classification of some fossil Ginkgolean leaves by computerization.Chinese Bulletin of Botany,297-303(in Chinese with English abstract).
Ren Shouqin and Chen Fen,1989.Fossil plants from Early Cretaceous Damoguaihe Formation in Wujiu coal Basin,Hailar,Inner Mongolia.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,28:634-641(in Chinese with English abstract).
Scanu,G.G.,Kustatscher,E.,and Pittau,P.,2015.The Jurassic flora of Sardinia-A new piece in the palaeobiogeographic puzzle of the Middle Jurassic.Review of Palaeobotany&Palynology,218:80-105.
Shang Ping,Fu Guobin,Hou Quanzheng and Deng Shenghui,1999.Middle Jurassic fossil plants from Turpan-Hami Basin,Xinjiang,northwest China.Geoscience,13:403-407(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sze,H.C.,1956.On a westphalian flora of the chungning county in the Gansu province.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,02:117-136(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sze,H.C.and Li Xingxue,1963.Mesozoic Plants in China(Plant Fossils in China,Volume 2).Beijing:Science Press,42-97(in Chinese).
Sun Bainian,1986.A prelminary study of Middle Jurassic fossil plants from Yaojie coal-field of Lanzhou.Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),22:113-118(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sun Keqin,Cui Jinzhong,Wang Shijun,2010.Volume 2,Fossil pteridophytes in China.Beijing:Higher Education Press,179-295(in Chinese).
Sun Fusheng,1989.On subdivision of angara floral province in light of cluster analysis.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,28:773-785(in Chinese with English abstract).
Shen Xuemei,2015.Study on numerical taxonomy and molecular taxonomy of 17 Species of Machilus Nees(Lauraceae).Shanghai:East China Normal University(Master thesis)(in Chinese with English abstract).
Van Konijnenburg-van Citter,J.H.A.,1989.Dicksoniaceous spores in situ from the Jurassic of Yorkshire,England.Review of Palaeobotany&Palynology,61:273-301.
Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert,J.H.A.and Morgans,H.S.,1999.The Jurassic Flora of Yorkshire.Field Guide to Fossils No.8.London:The Palaeontological Association,134.
Van Konijnenburg-van Citter,J.H.A.,2008.The Jurassic fossil plant record of the UK area.Proceedings of the Geologists'Association,119:59-72.
Walton,J.,1964.Jurassic flora of Yorkshire.Nature,203:363-363.
Wu Baohuan,Huang Wenxing,Shi Wenting,Yang Haijun and Cui Dafang,2018.Numerical taxonomy study on Prunus L.subgenus Cerasus(Mill.)A.Gray in China.Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni,57:36-43(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Jun,Zhang Quanxing and Sheng Guanglong,1999.Permian phytogeography of cathaysian flora in China in the light of cluster analysis.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,38:530-543(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Yongdong,2002.Fern ecological implications from the Lower Jurassic in Western Hubei,China.Review of Palaeobotany&Palynology,119:125-141.
Wang Yongdong,Tian Ning,Jiang Zikun,2009.Recent progresses on the studies of fossil ferns from the early Jurassic Hsiangchi flora in western Hubei,China.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,48:527-540(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wan Zhen,2013.Relevance between the shape of fossil populus davidiana Dode and paleoenvironment.Lanzhou:Lanzhou University(Master thesis)(in Chinese with English abstract).
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