施氮量对宁夏扬黄灌区紫薯产量性能及品质的影响
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摘要
以紫薯品种"凌紫"为试材,于2015—2016年,在宁夏红寺堡扬黄灌区开展了田间小区试验,设置氮肥(施纯氮,下同)施用量为0、30、60、90、120kg·hm~(-2),研究了氮肥施用量对紫薯产量性能及品质的影响,分析了不同施氮量处理对紫薯产量、品质及氮肥利用效率的影响,以期为宁夏扬黄灌区紫薯高产高效栽培提供参考依据。结果表明:施氮量对紫薯产量及其构成因素和干物质含量影响显著,在一定范围内增施氮肥(0～90kg·hm~(-2)),可提高收获期鲜薯产量、单株结薯数,单株总薯质量和块根的干物质积累,但是过高的氮肥施用量(≥120kg·hm~(-2)),不利于鲜薯产量的提高;氮肥施用对紫薯块根花青素合成存在一定影响,氮肥施用量较低时,有利于促进花青素的合成,过高的氮肥施用,抑制花青素的合成,但能促进紫薯块根中蛋白质的合成;不同施氮量处理紫薯地上、地下和整个植株的氮素吸收量变化规律不同,随着施氮量的增加,地上部分氮素吸收量呈逐渐递增趋势,在120kg·hm~(-2)处理达最大值,而地下部分和整个植株总的氮素吸收量呈先增大后减小的趋势,在90kg·hm~(-2)处理达最大值;氮肥利用率随着氮肥施用量的增加呈先增大后降低的趋势,60kg·hm~(-2)处理氮肥利用率最高,可达33.5%。综合考虑作物增产、氮肥利用率和土壤培肥等因素,认为氮肥施用量为60～90kg·hm~(-2)时,有利于协调地上部与地下部的生长,加快养分向薯块运转,从而实现高产和高氮肥生产力。
In order to provide reference for high yield and high efficiency cultivation of purple potato in Yanghuang irrigation area of Ningxia,the effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on yield performance and quality of purple potato was studied,the ‘Lingzi'purple potato was used as the experimental crop,from 2015 to 2016,the field experiments was conducted in the Yanghuang irrigation area of Hong Sibao in Ningxia.The application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was set to be 0,30,60,90,and 120 kg·hm~(-2).The effects of different nitrogen treatments on yield,quality and utilization efficiency of sweet potato fertilizer were analyzed.The results showed that the rate of the N application had a great effect on purple potato yield,components and dry matter content,as the amount of fertilizer increased from 0 to 90 kg·hm~(-2),the production of the fresh potato in harvest,the number of the potato per plant,the weight of the total potato per plant and root dry matter accumulation,were all increased gradually,but if the nitrogen was more than 120 kg·hm~(-2),it was not conducive to raise the output of fresh potato.Nitrogen fertilization had some effect on anthocyanin synthesizes in purple potato root,when the nitrogen is lower,it was beneficial to promote the synthesize of anthocyanin,high nitrogen fertilization,inhibit the synthesis of anthocyanin,but could stimulate protein synthesize in the purple potato root.The nitrogen uptake of the purple potato which on the ground,underground and the whole plant changes were different,with the increase of N application,the ground part of nitrogen uptake was increased gradually,in the treatment of 120 kg·hm~(-2) reached the maximum,the nitrogenous uptake of the underground part and the whole plant,were increased first and then decreased,in the treatment of 90 kg·hm~(-2) reached the maximum value.The utilization rate of nitrogenous fertilizer,increased with the added of nitrogen fertilizer first,the treatment of 60 kg·hm~(-2) was the highest,reaching 33.5%,then decreased.Under the consideration of the factors,such as crop yield,nitrogen utilization,soil fertilizer such as,comprehensively,the moderate of nitrogen was from 60 to 90 kg·hm~(-2) in this experimental conditions,appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer was conducive to the growth of aerial part and underground part,to speed up the transport of nutrient to potato root,so as to realize high yield and high nitrogen productivity.
In order to provide reference for high yield and high efficiency cultivation of purple potato in Yanghuang irrigation area of Ningxia,the effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on yield performance and quality of purple potato was studied,the ‘Lingzi'purple potato was used as the experimental crop,from 2015 to 2016,the field experiments was conducted in the Yanghuang irrigation area of Hong Sibao in Ningxia.The application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was set to be 0,30,60,90,and 120 kg·hm~(-2).The effects of different nitrogen treatments on yield,quality and utilization efficiency of sweet potato fertilizer were analyzed.The results showed that the rate of the N application had a great effect on purple potato yield,components and dry matter content,as the amount of fertilizer increased from 0 to 90 kg·hm~(-2),the production of the fresh potato in harvest,the number of the potato per plant,the weight of the total potato per plant and root dry matter accumulation,were all increased gradually,but if the nitrogen was more than 120 kg·hm~(-2),it was not conducive to raise the output of fresh potato.Nitrogen fertilization had some effect on anthocyanin synthesizes in purple potato root,when the nitrogen is lower,it was beneficial to promote the synthesize of anthocyanin,high nitrogen fertilization,inhibit the synthesis of anthocyanin,but could stimulate protein synthesize in the purple potato root.The nitrogen uptake of the purple potato which on the ground,underground and the whole plant changes were different,with the increase of N application,the ground part of nitrogen uptake was increased gradually,in the treatment of 120 kg·hm~(-2) reached the maximum,the nitrogenous uptake of the underground part and the whole plant,were increased first and then decreased,in the treatment of 90 kg·hm~(-2) reached the maximum value.The utilization rate of nitrogenous fertilizer,increased with the added of nitrogen fertilizer first,the treatment of 60 kg·hm~(-2) was the highest,reaching 33.5%,then decreased.Under the consideration of the factors,such as crop yield,nitrogen utilization,soil fertilizer such as,comprehensively,the moderate of nitrogen was from 60 to 90 kg·hm~(-2) in this experimental conditions,appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer was conducive to the growth of aerial part and underground part,to speed up the transport of nutrient to potato root,so as to realize high yield and high nitrogen productivity.
引文
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[9]张立明,王庆美,何钟佩.脱毒和生长调节剂对甘薯内源激素含量及块根产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(1):70-77.
[10]吴春红.紫甘薯氮素营养特性的研究[D].济南:山东农业大学,2015.
[11]吴春红.氮肥对不同品种紫甘薯块根营养品质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(2):188-192.
[12]唐忠厚,李洪民,张爱君,等.长期定位施肥对甘薯块根产量及其主要品质的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2012,22(1):57-61.
[13]王小晶,蔡国学,王洋,等.氮磷钾分期施用对甘薯产量和品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(7):188-192.
[14]吴春红,刘庆,孔凡美,等.氮肥施用量对不同紫甘薯品种产量和氮素效率的影响[J].作物学报,2016,42(1):113-122.
[2] CHOI M K,PARK S J,EOM S H,et al.Anti-diabetic and hypolipidemic effects of purple-fleshed potato in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats[J].Food Sci Biotechnol,2013,22(5):1415-1420.
[3]邹波,曾丹,吴继军,等.不同品种紫肉甘薯抗氧化能力评价及花色苷的定性与定量分析[J].食品科学,2018,39(2):38-44.
[4] AGNIESZKA K,ANNA B B,GRAZYNA L,et al.Antioxidant activity and quality of red and purple flesn potato chip[J].LWT-Food Science and Technology,2015,62:525-531.
[5]吴继仁,李海洋,杨培军.宁夏南部冷凉地区紫薯新品种引进高产栽培比较试验研究[J].耕作与栽培,2013(2):3-4,16.
[6]李友丽,郭文忠,马丽,等.有机紫薯水肥一体化栽培技术[J].温室园艺,2017(3):20-23.
[7]谢一芝,郭小丁,马佩勇,等.宁紫薯2号的选育及栽培生理研究[J].江西农业学报,2016,28(1):1-5.
[8]后猛,张允刚,刘亚菊,等.高花青素型甘薯新品种徐紫薯4号产量及营养品质性状研究[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(5):1895-1898.
[9]张立明,王庆美,何钟佩.脱毒和生长调节剂对甘薯内源激素含量及块根产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(1):70-77.
[10]吴春红.紫甘薯氮素营养特性的研究[D].济南:山东农业大学,2015.
[11]吴春红.氮肥对不同品种紫甘薯块根营养品质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(2):188-192.
[12]唐忠厚,李洪民,张爱君,等.长期定位施肥对甘薯块根产量及其主要品质的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2012,22(1):57-61.
[13]王小晶,蔡国学,王洋,等.氮磷钾分期施用对甘薯产量和品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(7):188-192.
[14]吴春红,刘庆,孔凡美,等.氮肥施用量对不同紫甘薯品种产量和氮素效率的影响[J].作物学报,2016,42(1):113-122.