Z~2 traversal order: An interleaving approach for VR stereo rendering on tile-based GPUs
|
摘要
With increasing demands of virtual reality(VR) applications, efficient VR rendering techniques are becoming essential. Because VR stereo rendering has increased computational costs to separately render views for the left and right eyes, to reduce the rendering cost in VR applications, we present a novel traversal order for tile-based mobile GPU architectures: Z~2 traversal order. In tile-based mobile GPU architectures,a tile traversal order that maximizes spatial locality can increase GPU cache efficiency. For VR applications, our approach improves upon the traditional Z order curve.We render corresponding screen tiles in left and right views in turn, or simultaneously, and as a result, we can exploit spatial adjacency of the two tiles. To evaluate our approach, we conducted a trace-driven hardware simulation using Mesa and a hardware simulator. Our experimental results show that Z~2 traversal order can reduce external memory bandwidth requirements and increase rendering performance.
With increasing demands of virtual reality(VR) applications, efficient VR rendering techniques are becoming essential. Because VR stereo rendering has increased computational costs to separately render views for the left and right eyes, to reduce the rendering cost in VR applications, we present a novel traversal order for tile-based mobile GPU architectures: Z~2 traversal order. In tile-based mobile GPU architectures,a tile traversal order that maximizes spatial locality can increase GPU cache efficiency. For VR applications, our approach improves upon the traditional Z order curve.We render corresponding screen tiles in left and right views in turn, or simultaneously, and as a result, we can exploit spatial adjacency of the two tiles. To evaluate our approach, we conducted a trace-driven hardware simulation using Mesa and a hardware simulator. Our experimental results show that Z~2 traversal order can reduce external memory bandwidth requirements and increase rendering performance.
With increasing demands of virtual reality(VR) applications, efficient VR rendering techniques are becoming essential. Because VR stereo rendering has increased computational costs to separately render views for the left and right eyes, to reduce the rendering cost in VR applications, we present a novel traversal order for tile-based mobile GPU architectures: Z~2 traversal order. In tile-based mobile GPU architectures,a tile traversal order that maximizes spatial locality can increase GPU cache efficiency. For VR applications, our approach improves upon the traditional Z order curve.We render corresponding screen tiles in left and right views in turn, or simultaneously, and as a result, we can exploit spatial adjacency of the two tiles. To evaluate our approach, we conducted a trace-driven hardware simulation using Mesa and a hardware simulator. Our experimental results show that Z~2 traversal order can reduce external memory bandwidth requirements and increase rendering performance.
引文
[1]Morton,G.M.A Computer Oriented Geodetic Data Base and a New Technique in File Sequencing.New York:International Business Machines Company,1966.
[2]Hasselgren,J.;Akenine-M¨oller,T.An efficient multiview rasterization architecture.In:Proceedings of the 17th Eurographics Conference on Rendering Techniques,61–72,2006.
[3]Paul,B.;Whitwell,K.The Mesa 3D graphics library version 11.0.3.2015.Available at http://www.mesa3d.org/.
[4]Kishonti Informatics.GFXBench 4.0.2016.Available at https://gfxbench.com/.
[5]Nah,J.-H.;Suh,Y.;Lim,Y.L-Bench:An Android benchmark set for low-power mobile GPUs.Computers&Graphics Vol.61,40–49,2016.
[6]Nah,J.-H.;Lim,Y.;Ki,S.;Shin,C.Z2traversal order for VR stereo rendering on tile-based mobile GPUs.In:Proceedings of the SIGGRAPH ASIA 2016 Technical Briefs,Article No.6,2016.
[7]Molnar,S.;Cox,M.;Ellsworth,D.;Fuchs,H.A sorting classification of parallel rendering.IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications Vol.14,No.4,23–32,1994.
[8]Harris,P.The Mali GPU:An abstract machine,part2—tile-based rendering.2014.Available at https://community.arm.com/graphics/b/blog/posts/the-maligpu-an-abstract-machine-part-2---tile-based-rendering.
[9]Clarberg,P.;Toth,R.;Munkberg,J.A sort-based deferred shading architecture for decoupled sampling.ACM Transactions on Graphics Vol.32,No.4,Article No.141,2013.
[10]Ellis,S.;Engh-Halstvedt,A.;Nystad,J.Graphics processing systems.US Patent 9122646 B2,2015.
[11]Reed,N.;Sancho,D.VR Direct:How NVIDIA technology is improving the VR experience.In:Proceedings of the Game Developer Conference,2015.
[12]Wilson,T.High performance stereo rendering for VR.In:Proceedings of the San Diego Virtual Reality Meetup,2015.Available at https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/19x9XDj Uvk W 9gsfs MQzt3h Zb RNziVso CEHOn4Aerc Ac/mobilepresent?slide=id.p.
[13]Johansson,M.Efficient stereoscopic rendering of building information models(BIM).Journal of Computer Graphics Techniques Vol.5,No.3,1–17,2016.
[14]Vlachos,A.Advanced VR rendering performance.In:Proceedings of the Game Developer Conference,2016.
[15]AMD.Virtual reality with AMD Liquid VRTM technology.2015.Available at http://www.amd.com/enus/innovations/software-technologies/technologiesgaming/vr.
[16]NVIDIA.NVIDIAR VRWorksTM.2016.Available at https://developer.nvidia.com/vrworks.
[17]Vlachos,A.Advanced VR rendering.In:Proceedings of the Game Developer Conference,2015.
[18]Guenter,B.;Finch,M.;Drucker,S.;Tan,D.;Snyder,J.Foveated 3D graphics.ACM Transactions on Graphics Vol.31,No.6,Article No.164,2012.
[19]Patney,A.;Salvi,M.;Kim,J.;Kaplanyan,A.;Wyman,C.;Benty,N.;Luebke,D.;Lefohn,A.Towards foveated rendering for gaze-tracked virtual reality.ACM Transactions on Graphics Vol.35,No.6,Article No.179,2016.
[20]Bj?rge,M.;Martin,S.;Kakarlapudi,S.;Fredriksen,J.-H.Efficient rendering with tile local storage.In:Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH 2014 Talks,Article No.51,2014.
[21]Nah,J.-H.;Kwon,H.-J.;Kim,D.-S.;Jeong,C.-H.;Park,J.;Han,T.-D.;Manocha,D.;Park,W.-C.Ray Core:A ray-tracing hardware architecture for mobile devices.ACM Transactions on Graphics Vol.33,No.5,Article No.162,2014.
[22]Lee,W.-J.;Shin,Y.;Hwang,S.J.;Kang,S.;Yoo,J.-J.;Ryu,S.Reorder buffer:An energy-efficient multithreading architecture for hardware MIMD ray traversal.In:Proceedings of the 7th Conference on High-Performance Graphics,21–32,2015.
[23]Martin,S.;Garrard,A.;Gruber,A.;Bjorge,M.;Zioma,R.;Benge,S.;Nummelin,N.Moving mobile graphics.In:Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH2015 Courses,Article No.18,2015.
[24]Saito,T.;Takahashi,T.Comprehensible rendering of 3-D shapes.ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics Vol.24,No.4,197–206,1990.
[25]Templin,K.;Didyk,P.;Ritschel,T.;Myszkowski,K.;Seidel,H.-P.Highlight microdisparity for improved gloss depiction.ACM Transactions on Graphics Vol.31,No.4,Article No.92,2012.
[2]Hasselgren,J.;Akenine-M¨oller,T.An efficient multiview rasterization architecture.In:Proceedings of the 17th Eurographics Conference on Rendering Techniques,61–72,2006.
[3]Paul,B.;Whitwell,K.The Mesa 3D graphics library version 11.0.3.2015.Available at http://www.mesa3d.org/.
[4]Kishonti Informatics.GFXBench 4.0.2016.Available at https://gfxbench.com/.
[5]Nah,J.-H.;Suh,Y.;Lim,Y.L-Bench:An Android benchmark set for low-power mobile GPUs.Computers&Graphics Vol.61,40–49,2016.
[6]Nah,J.-H.;Lim,Y.;Ki,S.;Shin,C.Z2traversal order for VR stereo rendering on tile-based mobile GPUs.In:Proceedings of the SIGGRAPH ASIA 2016 Technical Briefs,Article No.6,2016.
[7]Molnar,S.;Cox,M.;Ellsworth,D.;Fuchs,H.A sorting classification of parallel rendering.IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications Vol.14,No.4,23–32,1994.
[8]Harris,P.The Mali GPU:An abstract machine,part2—tile-based rendering.2014.Available at https://community.arm.com/graphics/b/blog/posts/the-maligpu-an-abstract-machine-part-2---tile-based-rendering.
[9]Clarberg,P.;Toth,R.;Munkberg,J.A sort-based deferred shading architecture for decoupled sampling.ACM Transactions on Graphics Vol.32,No.4,Article No.141,2013.
[10]Ellis,S.;Engh-Halstvedt,A.;Nystad,J.Graphics processing systems.US Patent 9122646 B2,2015.
[11]Reed,N.;Sancho,D.VR Direct:How NVIDIA technology is improving the VR experience.In:Proceedings of the Game Developer Conference,2015.
[12]Wilson,T.High performance stereo rendering for VR.In:Proceedings of the San Diego Virtual Reality Meetup,2015.Available at https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/19x9XDj Uvk W 9gsfs MQzt3h Zb RNziVso CEHOn4Aerc Ac/mobilepresent?slide=id.p.
[13]Johansson,M.Efficient stereoscopic rendering of building information models(BIM).Journal of Computer Graphics Techniques Vol.5,No.3,1–17,2016.
[14]Vlachos,A.Advanced VR rendering performance.In:Proceedings of the Game Developer Conference,2016.
[15]AMD.Virtual reality with AMD Liquid VRTM technology.2015.Available at http://www.amd.com/enus/innovations/software-technologies/technologiesgaming/vr.
[16]NVIDIA.NVIDIAR VRWorksTM.2016.Available at https://developer.nvidia.com/vrworks.
[17]Vlachos,A.Advanced VR rendering.In:Proceedings of the Game Developer Conference,2015.
[18]Guenter,B.;Finch,M.;Drucker,S.;Tan,D.;Snyder,J.Foveated 3D graphics.ACM Transactions on Graphics Vol.31,No.6,Article No.164,2012.
[19]Patney,A.;Salvi,M.;Kim,J.;Kaplanyan,A.;Wyman,C.;Benty,N.;Luebke,D.;Lefohn,A.Towards foveated rendering for gaze-tracked virtual reality.ACM Transactions on Graphics Vol.35,No.6,Article No.179,2016.
[20]Bj?rge,M.;Martin,S.;Kakarlapudi,S.;Fredriksen,J.-H.Efficient rendering with tile local storage.In:Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH 2014 Talks,Article No.51,2014.
[21]Nah,J.-H.;Kwon,H.-J.;Kim,D.-S.;Jeong,C.-H.;Park,J.;Han,T.-D.;Manocha,D.;Park,W.-C.Ray Core:A ray-tracing hardware architecture for mobile devices.ACM Transactions on Graphics Vol.33,No.5,Article No.162,2014.
[22]Lee,W.-J.;Shin,Y.;Hwang,S.J.;Kang,S.;Yoo,J.-J.;Ryu,S.Reorder buffer:An energy-efficient multithreading architecture for hardware MIMD ray traversal.In:Proceedings of the 7th Conference on High-Performance Graphics,21–32,2015.
[23]Martin,S.;Garrard,A.;Gruber,A.;Bjorge,M.;Zioma,R.;Benge,S.;Nummelin,N.Moving mobile graphics.In:Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH2015 Courses,Article No.18,2015.
[24]Saito,T.;Takahashi,T.Comprehensible rendering of 3-D shapes.ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics Vol.24,No.4,197–206,1990.
[25]Templin,K.;Didyk,P.;Ritschel,T.;Myszkowski,K.;Seidel,H.-P.Highlight microdisparity for improved gloss depiction.ACM Transactions on Graphics Vol.31,No.4,Article No.92,2012.