论保险人解除权的行使限制——以《保险法》第16条第3款的解释为视角
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摘要
投保人的如实告知义务与保险人的解除权均受到最大诚信原则、对价平衡原则的检视。不可抗辩条款的价值基础和规范目的在于防止保险人滥用解除权损害投保人及被保险人权益。因而在合同订立过程中及之后二年内,保险人应当主动开展核保调查,否则应承担合同订立超过二年或知道解除权超过30日解除权消灭的不利后果。如果投保人在订立保险合同时违背如实告知义务,不论是否存在欺诈情形,不论保险事故是否发生于合同订立之日起二年内,均应严格按照《保险法》第16条第3款的文义解释。
The insured's obligation of truthful disclosure and the insurer's right to rescind are subject to the principle of utmost good faith as well as consideration balance. The value basis and normative purpose of the non-defense clause is to prevent the insurer from abusing the right to rescind which will cause damage to the insured. Therefore, during the contracting process and within two years after the contract is concluded, the insurer should take the initiative to carry out the underwriting investigation. Otherwise, the insurer should bear the adverse consequences of the contract, if the contract is concluded for more than two years or knowing the right of rescission is eliminated over 30 days. If the insured enters into an insurance contract and breaches the obligation of truthful disclosure, whether or not there is a fraudulent situation, whether or not an insured event occurs within two years from the date of conclusion of the contract, it shall be interpreted in strict accordance with the text of paragraph 3 of Article 16 of the Insurance Law.
The insured's obligation of truthful disclosure and the insurer's right to rescind are subject to the principle of utmost good faith as well as consideration balance. The value basis and normative purpose of the non-defense clause is to prevent the insurer from abusing the right to rescind which will cause damage to the insured. Therefore, during the contracting process and within two years after the contract is concluded, the insurer should take the initiative to carry out the underwriting investigation. Otherwise, the insurer should bear the adverse consequences of the contract, if the contract is concluded for more than two years or knowing the right of rescission is eliminated over 30 days. If the insured enters into an insurance contract and breaches the obligation of truthful disclosure, whether or not there is a fraudulent situation, whether or not an insured event occurs within two years from the date of conclusion of the contract, it shall be interpreted in strict accordance with the text of paragraph 3 of Article 16 of the Insurance Law.
引文
[1]李志强.最高人民法院保险法司法解释精释精解[M].北京:中国法制出版社,2016:78.
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[9]马宁.保险法如实告知义务的制度重构[J].政治与法律,2014(1):58-68.
[10]马宁.比较法视野中的欧洲保险合同法如实告知义务评析[J].保险研究,2010(9):104-111.
[11]孙宏涛.我国《保险法》中不可抗辩条款完善之研究——以《保险法》第16条第3款为中心[J].政治与法律,2015(7):87-94.
[12]李青武.我国《保险法》不可争辩条款制度:问题与对策[J].保险研究,2013(6):96-104.
[13]王冠华.保险法上不可抗辩条款适用问题三论——对《保险法》第16条的目的限缩解释和文义解释[J].暨南学报(哲学社会科学版),2013(3).
[14]杨德齐.论保险合同解除权制度的体系建构——兼评《保险法》司法解释三(征求意见稿)的解除权条款[J].保险研究,2015(2):82-93.
[15]刘竹梅,林海权.保险合同纠纷审判实务疑难问题探讨[J].法律适用,2013(2):5-11.
[2]卢学希.保险法中的最大诚信原则适用研究[J].求索,2012(6).
[3]武亦文,杨勇.保险法对价平衡原则论[J].华东政法大学学报,2018(2):146-158.
[4]常敏.保险合同可争议制度研究[J].环球法律评论,2012(2).
[5]唐世银.保险法上对价平衡原则的司法运用[J].法律适用,2015(12).
[6]江波.保护保险消费者权益理念的选择——保险法“不可抗辩条款”实施三年后的再思考[J].消费经济,2013(3):87-90.
[7]刘宗荣.新保险法——保险契约法的理论与实务[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2009:136.
[8]韩永强.《保险法》第16条中被误读的“告知义务”[J].法学,2010(2):115-126.
[9]马宁.保险法如实告知义务的制度重构[J].政治与法律,2014(1):58-68.
[10]马宁.比较法视野中的欧洲保险合同法如实告知义务评析[J].保险研究,2010(9):104-111.
[11]孙宏涛.我国《保险法》中不可抗辩条款完善之研究——以《保险法》第16条第3款为中心[J].政治与法律,2015(7):87-94.
[12]李青武.我国《保险法》不可争辩条款制度:问题与对策[J].保险研究,2013(6):96-104.
[13]王冠华.保险法上不可抗辩条款适用问题三论——对《保险法》第16条的目的限缩解释和文义解释[J].暨南学报(哲学社会科学版),2013(3).
[14]杨德齐.论保险合同解除权制度的体系建构——兼评《保险法》司法解释三(征求意见稿)的解除权条款[J].保险研究,2015(2):82-93.
[15]刘竹梅,林海权.保险合同纠纷审判实务疑难问题探讨[J].法律适用,2013(2):5-11.