No-tillage effects on grain yield and nitrogen requirements in hybrid rice transplanted with single seedlings: Results of a long-term experiment
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摘要
This study was conducted to determine whether,and if so how,the grain yield and nitrogen(N) requirements of hybrid rice transplanted as single seedlings are affected by no-tillage(NT) practices.A fixed field experiment was done at the Experimental Farm of Hunan Agricultural University in Changsha,Hunan Province,China,from 2004 to 2014.Grain yield and yield attributes(panicle number per m2,spikelet number per panicle,spikelet filling percentage,grain weight,total biomass,and harvest index) were evaluated as well as the N-use characteristics(total N uptake,internal N-use efficiency,and N requirements) of hybrid rice transplanted as single seedlings comparing NT with conventional tillage(CT).A significant finding was that there were no significant differences in grain yield,yield attributes,and N-use characteristics between CT and NT.Averaged across the 11 years,grain yield and N requirements were 9.51 t ha~(-1) and 20.2 kg t~(-1) under CT and 9.33 t ha~(-1) and 20.0 kg t~(-1) under NT,respectively.There were significant yearly variations in grain yield,yield attributes,and N-use characteristics observed under both CT and NT.The yearly variation in grain yield was related to simultaneous changes in spikelet number per panicle,grain weight,total biomass,and harvest index.Also,it was found that grain yield was positively correlated with internal N-use efficiency but negatively correlated with N requirements.It is concluded that grain yield and N requirements in hybrid rice when transplanted as single seedlings are not affected adversely by NT.The results of this study suggest that(1) compatible relationships among yield attributes can be established in hybrid rice that is transplanted as single seedlings,and(2) higher grain yield and higher N-use efficiency can be concurrently achieved in hybrid rice transplanted as single seedlings.
This study was conducted to determine whether,and if so how,the grain yield and nitrogen(N) requirements of hybrid rice transplanted as single seedlings are affected by no-tillage(NT) practices.A fixed field experiment was done at the Experimental Farm of Hunan Agricultural University in Changsha,Hunan Province,China,from 2004 to 2014.Grain yield and yield attributes(panicle number per m2,spikelet number per panicle,spikelet filling percentage,grain weight,total biomass,and harvest index) were evaluated as well as the N-use characteristics(total N uptake,internal N-use efficiency,and N requirements) of hybrid rice transplanted as single seedlings comparing NT with conventional tillage(CT).A significant finding was that there were no significant differences in grain yield,yield attributes,and N-use characteristics between CT and NT.Averaged across the 11 years,grain yield and N requirements were 9.51 t ha~(-1) and 20.2 kg t~(-1) under CT and 9.33 t ha~(-1) and 20.0 kg t~(-1) under NT,respectively.There were significant yearly variations in grain yield,yield attributes,and N-use characteristics observed under both CT and NT.The yearly variation in grain yield was related to simultaneous changes in spikelet number per panicle,grain weight,total biomass,and harvest index.Also,it was found that grain yield was positively correlated with internal N-use efficiency but negatively correlated with N requirements.It is concluded that grain yield and N requirements in hybrid rice when transplanted as single seedlings are not affected adversely by NT.The results of this study suggest that(1) compatible relationships among yield attributes can be established in hybrid rice that is transplanted as single seedlings,and(2) higher grain yield and higher N-use efficiency can be concurrently achieved in hybrid rice transplanted as single seedlings.
This study was conducted to determine whether,and if so how,the grain yield and nitrogen(N) requirements of hybrid rice transplanted as single seedlings are affected by no-tillage(NT) practices.A fixed field experiment was done at the Experimental Farm of Hunan Agricultural University in Changsha,Hunan Province,China,from 2004 to 2014.Grain yield and yield attributes(panicle number per m2,spikelet number per panicle,spikelet filling percentage,grain weight,total biomass,and harvest index) were evaluated as well as the N-use characteristics(total N uptake,internal N-use efficiency,and N requirements) of hybrid rice transplanted as single seedlings comparing NT with conventional tillage(CT).A significant finding was that there were no significant differences in grain yield,yield attributes,and N-use characteristics between CT and NT.Averaged across the 11 years,grain yield and N requirements were 9.51 t ha~(-1) and 20.2 kg t~(-1) under CT and 9.33 t ha~(-1) and 20.0 kg t~(-1) under NT,respectively.There were significant yearly variations in grain yield,yield attributes,and N-use characteristics observed under both CT and NT.The yearly variation in grain yield was related to simultaneous changes in spikelet number per panicle,grain weight,total biomass,and harvest index.Also,it was found that grain yield was positively correlated with internal N-use efficiency but negatively correlated with N requirements.It is concluded that grain yield and N requirements in hybrid rice when transplanted as single seedlings are not affected adversely by NT.The results of this study suggest that(1) compatible relationships among yield attributes can be established in hybrid rice that is transplanted as single seedlings,and(2) higher grain yield and higher N-use efficiency can be concurrently achieved in hybrid rice transplanted as single seedlings.
引文
Barison J,Uphoff N.2011.Rice yield and its relation to root growth and nutrient-use efficiency under SRI and conventional cultivation:An evaluation in Madagascar.Paddy and Water Environment,9,65-78.
Cassman K G,Kropff M J,Gaunt J,Peng S.1993.Nitrogen use efficiency of rice reconsidered:What are the key constraints?Plant and Soil,155/156,359-362.
Che S,Zhao B,Li Y,Yuan L,Li W,Lin Z,Hu S,Shen B.2015.Review grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in rice production regions in China.Journal of Integrative Agriculture,14,2456-2466.
Cheng S H,Zhuang J Y,Fan Y Y,Du J H,Cao L Y.2007.Progress in research and development on hybrid rice:a super-domesticate in China.Annals of Botany,100,959-966.
Cui K H,Peng S B,Xing Y Z,Yu S B,Xu C G.2002.Genetic analysis of the panicle traits related to yield sink size of rice.Acta Genetica Sinica,29,144-152.
Dobermann A.2007.Nutrient use efficiency-Measurement and management.In:Fertilizer Best Management Practices.IFA International Workshop on Fertilizer Best Management Practices,Brussels,Belgium.pp.1-28.
Friedrich T,Kassam A,Shaxson F.2009.Conservation Agriculture.In:Agriculture for Developing Countries.Science and Technology Options Assessment(STOA)Project.European Technology Assessment Group,Karlsruhe,Germany.
Grafius J E.1978.Multiple characters and correlated response.Crop Science,18,931-934.
Guo J H,Liu X J,Zhang Y,Shen J L,Han W X,Zhang W F,Christie P,Goulding K W T,Vitousek P M,Zhang F S.2010.Significant acidification in major Chinese croplands.Science,327,1008-1010.
Huang M,Ibrahim M,Xia B,Zou Y.2011a.Significance,progress and prospects for research in simplified cultivation technologies for rice in China.Journal of Agricultural Science,149,487-496.
Huang M,Shan S,Xie X,Cao F,Zou Y.2017.Why high grain yield can be achieved in single seedling machinetransplanted hybrid rice under dense planting conditions?Journal of Integrative Agriculture,17,1299-1306.
Huang M,Xia B,Zou Y,Jiang P,Feng Y,Cheng Z,Mo Y.2012a.No-till direct seeding for energy-saving rice production in China.In:Lichtfouse E,ed.,Farming for Food and Water Security,Sustainable Agriculture Reviews.vol.10.Springer,Dordrecht,The Netherland.pp.111-126.
Huang M,Xia B,Zou Y,Jiang P,Shi W,Hongthong P,Xie X.2012b.Improvement in super hybrid rice:A comparative study between super hybrid and inbred varieties.Research on Crops,13,1-10.
Huang M,Zhou X,Cao F,Xia B,Zou Y.2015.No-tillage effect on rice yield in China:A meta-analysis.Field Crops Research,183,126-137.
Huang M,Zou Y,Feng Y,Cheng Z,Mo Y,Ibrahim M,Xia B,Jiang P.2011b.No-tillage and direct seeding for super hybrid rice production in rice-oilseed rape cropping system.European Journal of Agronomy,34,278-286.
Huang M,Zou Y,Jiang P,Xia B,Ibrahim M,Ao H.2011c.Relationship between grain yield and yield components in super hybrid rice.Agricultural Sciences in China,10,1537-1544.
Jiang P,Xie X,Huang M,Zhou X,Zhang R,Chen J,Wu D,Xia B,Xiong H,Xu F,Zou Y.2016.Potential yield increase of hybrid rice at five locations in southern China.Rice,9,11.
Ju X,Xing G,Chen X,Zhang S,Zhang L,Liu X,Cui Z,Yin B,Christie P,Zhu Z,Zhang F.2009.Reducing environmental risk by improving N management in intensive Chinese agricultural systems.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,106,8077-8078.
Kashiwagi T,Sasaki H,Ishimaru K.2005.Factors responsible for decreasing sturdiness of the lower part in lodging of rice(Oryza sativa L.).Plant Production Science,8,166-172.
Kassam A,Derpsch R,Friedrich T.2014.Global achievements in soil and water conservation:The case of Conservation Agriculture.International Soil and Water Conservation Research,2,5-13.
Le C,Zha Y,Li Y,Sun D,Lu H,Yin B.2010.Eutrophication of lake waters in China:Cost,causes,and control.Environmental Management,45,662-668.
Lin X Q,Zhu D F,Chen H Z,Cheng S H,Uphoff N.2009.Effect of plant density and nitrogen fertilizer rates on grain yield and nitrogen uptake of hybrid rice(Oryza sativa L.).Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology and Sustainable Development,1,44-53.
Liu X,Zhang Y,Han W,Tang A,Shen J,Cui Z,Vitousek P,Erisman J W,Goulding K,Christie P,Fangmeier A,Zhang F.2013.Enhanced nitrogen deposition over China.Nature,494,459-462.
LüC G,Zou J S.2003.Comparative analysis on rice plant type of two super hybrids and Shanyou 63.Agricultural Sciences in China,2,513-520.
Muthayya S,Sugimoto J D,Montgomery S,Maberly G F.2014.An overview of global rice production,supply,trade,and consumption.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,1324,7-14.
Normile D.2010.Reinventing rice to feed the world.Science,321,330-333.
Peng S.2016.Dilemma and way-out of hybrid rice during the transition period in China.Acta Agronomica Sinica,42,313-319.(in Chinese)
Peng S,Cassman K G,Virmani S S,Sheehy J,Khush G S.1999.Yield potential trends of tropical rice since the release of IR8 and the challenge of increasing rice yield potential.Crop Science,39,1552-1559.
Peng S,Khush G S,Virk P,Tang Q,Zou Y.2008.Progress in ideotype breeding to increase rice yield potential.Field Crops Research,108,32-38.
Richards M,Sapkota T,Stirling C,Thierfelder C,Verhulst N,Friedrich T,Kienzle J.2014.Practice Brief:Conservation Agriculture.Global Alliance for Climate-Smart Agriculture,Food and Agriculture Organization,Rome.
San-Oh Y,Sugiyama T,Yoshita D,Ookawa T,Hirasawa T.2006.The effect of planting pattern on the rate of photosynthesis and related processes during ripening in rice plants.Field Crops Research,96,113-124.
Stoop W A,Uphoff N,Kassam A.2002.A review of agricultural research issues raised by the system of rice intensification(SRI)from Madagascar:opportunities for improving farming systems for resource-poor farmers.Agricultural System,71,249-274.
Thakur A K,Uphoff N,Antony E.2010.An assessment of physiological effects of system of rice intensification(SRI)practices compared with recommended rice cultivation practices in India.Experimental Agriculture,46,77-98.
Thakur A K,Uphoff N T,Stoop W A.2016.Scientific underpinnings of the System of Rice Intensification(SRI):What is known so far?Advance in Agronomy,135,147-179.
Uri N D.1997.Conservation tillage and input use.Environmental Geology,29,188-201.
Wang F,Cheng F M,Zhang G P.2008.Impact of cultivar variation in grain density of rice panicle on grain weight and quality.Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,88,897-903.
Wang Y,Xue Y,Li J.2005.Towards molecular breeding and improvement of rice in China.Trends in Plant Science,10,610-614.
Ying J,Peng S,He Q,Yang H,Yang C,Visperas R M,Cassman K G.1998.Comparison of high-yield rice in tropical and subtropical environments.I.Determinants of grain and dry matter yields.Field Crop Research,57,71-84.
Yuan L.1994.Increasing yield potential in rice by exploitation of heterosis.In:Virmani S S,ed.,Hybrid Rice Technology:New Development and Future Prospects.International Rice Research Institute,Los Ba?os,Philippines.pp.1-6.
Zhao L,Wu L,Li Y,Lu X,Zhu D,Uphoff N.2009.Influence of the system of rice intensification on rice yield and nitrogen and water use efficiency with different N application rates.Experimental Agriculture,45,275-286.
Cassman K G,Kropff M J,Gaunt J,Peng S.1993.Nitrogen use efficiency of rice reconsidered:What are the key constraints?Plant and Soil,155/156,359-362.
Che S,Zhao B,Li Y,Yuan L,Li W,Lin Z,Hu S,Shen B.2015.Review grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in rice production regions in China.Journal of Integrative Agriculture,14,2456-2466.
Cheng S H,Zhuang J Y,Fan Y Y,Du J H,Cao L Y.2007.Progress in research and development on hybrid rice:a super-domesticate in China.Annals of Botany,100,959-966.
Cui K H,Peng S B,Xing Y Z,Yu S B,Xu C G.2002.Genetic analysis of the panicle traits related to yield sink size of rice.Acta Genetica Sinica,29,144-152.
Dobermann A.2007.Nutrient use efficiency-Measurement and management.In:Fertilizer Best Management Practices.IFA International Workshop on Fertilizer Best Management Practices,Brussels,Belgium.pp.1-28.
Friedrich T,Kassam A,Shaxson F.2009.Conservation Agriculture.In:Agriculture for Developing Countries.Science and Technology Options Assessment(STOA)Project.European Technology Assessment Group,Karlsruhe,Germany.
Grafius J E.1978.Multiple characters and correlated response.Crop Science,18,931-934.
Guo J H,Liu X J,Zhang Y,Shen J L,Han W X,Zhang W F,Christie P,Goulding K W T,Vitousek P M,Zhang F S.2010.Significant acidification in major Chinese croplands.Science,327,1008-1010.
Huang M,Ibrahim M,Xia B,Zou Y.2011a.Significance,progress and prospects for research in simplified cultivation technologies for rice in China.Journal of Agricultural Science,149,487-496.
Huang M,Shan S,Xie X,Cao F,Zou Y.2017.Why high grain yield can be achieved in single seedling machinetransplanted hybrid rice under dense planting conditions?Journal of Integrative Agriculture,17,1299-1306.
Huang M,Xia B,Zou Y,Jiang P,Feng Y,Cheng Z,Mo Y.2012a.No-till direct seeding for energy-saving rice production in China.In:Lichtfouse E,ed.,Farming for Food and Water Security,Sustainable Agriculture Reviews.vol.10.Springer,Dordrecht,The Netherland.pp.111-126.
Huang M,Xia B,Zou Y,Jiang P,Shi W,Hongthong P,Xie X.2012b.Improvement in super hybrid rice:A comparative study between super hybrid and inbred varieties.Research on Crops,13,1-10.
Huang M,Zhou X,Cao F,Xia B,Zou Y.2015.No-tillage effect on rice yield in China:A meta-analysis.Field Crops Research,183,126-137.
Huang M,Zou Y,Feng Y,Cheng Z,Mo Y,Ibrahim M,Xia B,Jiang P.2011b.No-tillage and direct seeding for super hybrid rice production in rice-oilseed rape cropping system.European Journal of Agronomy,34,278-286.
Huang M,Zou Y,Jiang P,Xia B,Ibrahim M,Ao H.2011c.Relationship between grain yield and yield components in super hybrid rice.Agricultural Sciences in China,10,1537-1544.
Jiang P,Xie X,Huang M,Zhou X,Zhang R,Chen J,Wu D,Xia B,Xiong H,Xu F,Zou Y.2016.Potential yield increase of hybrid rice at five locations in southern China.Rice,9,11.
Ju X,Xing G,Chen X,Zhang S,Zhang L,Liu X,Cui Z,Yin B,Christie P,Zhu Z,Zhang F.2009.Reducing environmental risk by improving N management in intensive Chinese agricultural systems.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,106,8077-8078.
Kashiwagi T,Sasaki H,Ishimaru K.2005.Factors responsible for decreasing sturdiness of the lower part in lodging of rice(Oryza sativa L.).Plant Production Science,8,166-172.
Kassam A,Derpsch R,Friedrich T.2014.Global achievements in soil and water conservation:The case of Conservation Agriculture.International Soil and Water Conservation Research,2,5-13.
Le C,Zha Y,Li Y,Sun D,Lu H,Yin B.2010.Eutrophication of lake waters in China:Cost,causes,and control.Environmental Management,45,662-668.
Lin X Q,Zhu D F,Chen H Z,Cheng S H,Uphoff N.2009.Effect of plant density and nitrogen fertilizer rates on grain yield and nitrogen uptake of hybrid rice(Oryza sativa L.).Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology and Sustainable Development,1,44-53.
Liu X,Zhang Y,Han W,Tang A,Shen J,Cui Z,Vitousek P,Erisman J W,Goulding K,Christie P,Fangmeier A,Zhang F.2013.Enhanced nitrogen deposition over China.Nature,494,459-462.
LüC G,Zou J S.2003.Comparative analysis on rice plant type of two super hybrids and Shanyou 63.Agricultural Sciences in China,2,513-520.
Muthayya S,Sugimoto J D,Montgomery S,Maberly G F.2014.An overview of global rice production,supply,trade,and consumption.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,1324,7-14.
Normile D.2010.Reinventing rice to feed the world.Science,321,330-333.
Peng S.2016.Dilemma and way-out of hybrid rice during the transition period in China.Acta Agronomica Sinica,42,313-319.(in Chinese)
Peng S,Cassman K G,Virmani S S,Sheehy J,Khush G S.1999.Yield potential trends of tropical rice since the release of IR8 and the challenge of increasing rice yield potential.Crop Science,39,1552-1559.
Peng S,Khush G S,Virk P,Tang Q,Zou Y.2008.Progress in ideotype breeding to increase rice yield potential.Field Crops Research,108,32-38.
Richards M,Sapkota T,Stirling C,Thierfelder C,Verhulst N,Friedrich T,Kienzle J.2014.Practice Brief:Conservation Agriculture.Global Alliance for Climate-Smart Agriculture,Food and Agriculture Organization,Rome.
San-Oh Y,Sugiyama T,Yoshita D,Ookawa T,Hirasawa T.2006.The effect of planting pattern on the rate of photosynthesis and related processes during ripening in rice plants.Field Crops Research,96,113-124.
Stoop W A,Uphoff N,Kassam A.2002.A review of agricultural research issues raised by the system of rice intensification(SRI)from Madagascar:opportunities for improving farming systems for resource-poor farmers.Agricultural System,71,249-274.
Thakur A K,Uphoff N,Antony E.2010.An assessment of physiological effects of system of rice intensification(SRI)practices compared with recommended rice cultivation practices in India.Experimental Agriculture,46,77-98.
Thakur A K,Uphoff N T,Stoop W A.2016.Scientific underpinnings of the System of Rice Intensification(SRI):What is known so far?Advance in Agronomy,135,147-179.
Uri N D.1997.Conservation tillage and input use.Environmental Geology,29,188-201.
Wang F,Cheng F M,Zhang G P.2008.Impact of cultivar variation in grain density of rice panicle on grain weight and quality.Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,88,897-903.
Wang Y,Xue Y,Li J.2005.Towards molecular breeding and improvement of rice in China.Trends in Plant Science,10,610-614.
Ying J,Peng S,He Q,Yang H,Yang C,Visperas R M,Cassman K G.1998.Comparison of high-yield rice in tropical and subtropical environments.I.Determinants of grain and dry matter yields.Field Crop Research,57,71-84.
Yuan L.1994.Increasing yield potential in rice by exploitation of heterosis.In:Virmani S S,ed.,Hybrid Rice Technology:New Development and Future Prospects.International Rice Research Institute,Los Ba?os,Philippines.pp.1-6.
Zhao L,Wu L,Li Y,Lu X,Zhu D,Uphoff N.2009.Influence of the system of rice intensification on rice yield and nitrogen and water use efficiency with different N application rates.Experimental Agriculture,45,275-286.