数码身体、拟-生命与游戏生态学——游戏中的玩家-角色辩证法
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摘要
当今天年轻一代的生存被浸润在数字游戏之中的时候,我们无法将游戏与他们的生存方式简单地切除开来。因为,今天以及未来人类的基本生存方式已经与游戏形成了密切关联。他们的生存体验不再是梅洛-庞蒂以单一的大写肉身来构造的现象学,今天在数字游戏中的众多角色实现了对身体现象学的超越,并转向数码现象学。数码现象学同时改变了玩家和角色之间的关系,如同一个被倒置的提线木偶。这样,游戏角色在游戏中生成了不纯粹依赖玩家的拟-生命,并进一步形成了一种游戏生态学。游戏生态学不仅帮助拟-生命在游戏世界里筑造了属于角色的周围世界,也通过角色的生存将游戏世界与玩家的世界统一起来,改变着玩家世界中的生存状况。
When today's younger generation's survival is immersed in digital games, we can't simply separate games from their way of life. Because the basic way of human existence today and in the future has become closely related to the game. Their survival experience is no longer Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology constructed by a single capitalized body. Today, many characters in digital games transcend the phenomenology of body and turn to digital phenomenology. Digital phenomenology also changes the relationship between players and characters, like an inverted marionette. In this way, the role of the game generates a kind of game ecology which does not rely solely on the player's quasi-life, but player's quasi-life further develops a game ecology. Game ecology not only helps quasi-life build the world around the characters in the game world, but also unifies the game world with the players' world through the existence of the characters, and changes the living conditions of the players' world.
When today's younger generation's survival is immersed in digital games, we can't simply separate games from their way of life. Because the basic way of human existence today and in the future has become closely related to the game. Their survival experience is no longer Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology constructed by a single capitalized body. Today, many characters in digital games transcend the phenomenology of body and turn to digital phenomenology. Digital phenomenology also changes the relationship between players and characters, like an inverted marionette. In this way, the role of the game generates a kind of game ecology which does not rely solely on the player's quasi-life, but player's quasi-life further develops a game ecology. Game ecology not only helps quasi-life build the world around the characters in the game world, but also unifies the game world with the players' world through the existence of the characters, and changes the living conditions of the players' world.
引文
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(3)Miguel Sicart,Play Matters,Cambridge,MA:MIT Press Books,2014, p.104.
(1)莫里斯·梅洛-庞蒂:《知觉现象学》,姜志辉译,北京:商务印书馆,2001年,第194页。
(2)莫里斯·梅洛-庞蒂:《行为的结构》,杨大春、张尧均译,北京:商务印书馆,2005年,第307页。
(3)梅洛-庞香:《梅洛-庞蒂文集(第4卷)》,张颖译,北京:商务印书馆,2018年,第77页。
(1)Greg Costikyan,Uncertainty in Games,Cambridge, MA:MIT Press Books,2013, p.20.
(2)蓝江:《一般数据、虚体、数字资本——数字资本主义的三重逻辑》,《哲学研究》2018年第3期。
(3)Gilles Deleuze,Deux regimes de fous, Paris:Minuit, 2003, p.11.
(1)黑格尔:《精神现象学》(上册),贺麟、王玖兴译,北京:商务印书馆,1979年,第128页。
(2)科耶夫:《黑格尔导读》,姜志辉译,南京:译林出版社,2005年,第20-21页。(3)Alain Badiou,Je vous sais si nombreux, Paris:Fayard, 2017,p.22.
(1)鲍德里亚:《密码》,戴阿宝译,郑州:河南大学出版社,2019年,第6页。
(2)鲍德里亚:《论诱惑》,张新木译,南京:南京大学出版社,2011年,第70页。
(3)Davide Tarizzo, Life:A Modern Invention,Cambridge, MA:MIT Press Books,2017, p.193.
(1)Gilbert Simondon,On the Mode of Existence of Technical Objects,trans.Cecile Malaspina&John Rogove,Minneapolis MN:Univocal Publishing, 2017,p.18.
(2)Liel Leibovitz,God in the Machine:Video Games as Spiritual Pursuit, West Conshohocken,PA:Templeton Press, 2013, pp.15.
(3)马丁·海德格尔:《存在与时间》,陈嘉映译,北京:商务印书馆,2016年,第98页。
(4)对于雅克布·冯·尤克斯考尔的Umwelt概念的考察,参见蓝江:《环世界、虚体和神圣人——数字时代的怪物学纲要》,《探索与争鸣》2018年第3期。
(1)Liam Mitchell,Ludopolitics:Videogames against Control,Hampshire:Zerobooks, 2018,p.16.
(2)《神奇宝贝Go》是日本任天堂游戏公司、神奇宝贝公司和美国的谷歌公司共同开放的手游,《神奇宝贝Go》是台湾地区的译法,在香港地区被译为《宠物小精灵Go》。这个游戏并没有在中国大陆地区发行。
(3)Alfie Bown,The Playstation Dream world,Cambridge:Polity Press, 2018,pp.25-26.
(3)Miguel Sicart,Play Matters,Cambridge,MA:MIT Press Books,2014, p.104.
(1)莫里斯·梅洛-庞蒂:《知觉现象学》,姜志辉译,北京:商务印书馆,2001年,第194页。
(2)莫里斯·梅洛-庞蒂:《行为的结构》,杨大春、张尧均译,北京:商务印书馆,2005年,第307页。
(3)梅洛-庞香:《梅洛-庞蒂文集(第4卷)》,张颖译,北京:商务印书馆,2018年,第77页。
(1)Greg Costikyan,Uncertainty in Games,Cambridge, MA:MIT Press Books,2013, p.20.
(2)蓝江:《一般数据、虚体、数字资本——数字资本主义的三重逻辑》,《哲学研究》2018年第3期。
(3)Gilles Deleuze,Deux regimes de fous, Paris:Minuit, 2003, p.11.
(1)黑格尔:《精神现象学》(上册),贺麟、王玖兴译,北京:商务印书馆,1979年,第128页。
(2)科耶夫:《黑格尔导读》,姜志辉译,南京:译林出版社,2005年,第20-21页。(3)Alain Badiou,Je vous sais si nombreux, Paris:Fayard, 2017,p.22.
(1)鲍德里亚:《密码》,戴阿宝译,郑州:河南大学出版社,2019年,第6页。
(2)鲍德里亚:《论诱惑》,张新木译,南京:南京大学出版社,2011年,第70页。
(3)Davide Tarizzo, Life:A Modern Invention,Cambridge, MA:MIT Press Books,2017, p.193.
(1)Gilbert Simondon,On the Mode of Existence of Technical Objects,trans.Cecile Malaspina&John Rogove,Minneapolis MN:Univocal Publishing, 2017,p.18.
(2)Liel Leibovitz,God in the Machine:Video Games as Spiritual Pursuit, West Conshohocken,PA:Templeton Press, 2013, pp.15.
(3)马丁·海德格尔:《存在与时间》,陈嘉映译,北京:商务印书馆,2016年,第98页。
(4)对于雅克布·冯·尤克斯考尔的Umwelt概念的考察,参见蓝江:《环世界、虚体和神圣人——数字时代的怪物学纲要》,《探索与争鸣》2018年第3期。
(1)Liam Mitchell,Ludopolitics:Videogames against Control,Hampshire:Zerobooks, 2018,p.16.
(2)《神奇宝贝Go》是日本任天堂游戏公司、神奇宝贝公司和美国的谷歌公司共同开放的手游,《神奇宝贝Go》是台湾地区的译法,在香港地区被译为《宠物小精灵Go》。这个游戏并没有在中国大陆地区发行。
(3)Alfie Bown,The Playstation Dream world,Cambridge:Polity Press, 2018,pp.25-26.