一种考虑复杂孔隙结构的泥页岩地震岩石物理模型
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摘要
针对松辽盆地北部古龙凹陷青山口组陆相泥页岩岩石学特征及微观结构特征,综合利用Kuster&Toks?z模型、自相容模型、双连通孔隙模型及线性滑动模型,建立一种适用于富有机质泥页岩的复杂孔隙结构岩石物理模型。基于提出的模型,讨论有机质体积分数、裂缝孔隙度、基质孔隙度、孔隙纵横比和孔隙连通系数等5种因素对岩石弹性性质的影响。通过对比分析,优选出对有机质、孔隙度敏感的弹性参数λρ和μρ,并建立地震岩石物理交会模板。实际资料结果表明,提出的模型具有很好的预测性,该模型可用于古龙凹陷青山口组陆相泥页岩储层评价及地震"甜点"识别。
Based on the petrological and microtexture characters of continental shales of Qingshankou Formation in Gulong Sag, northern Songliao Basin, a combined modeling technique, including Kuster & Toks?z, self consistent, double-porosity and linear slippage modeling, is used to propose a complex pore structure rock physics model for the organic-rich shale. Based on the modeling results, the influence factors, the organic volume fraction, the fracture porosity, the matrix porosity, the pore aspect ratio and the pore connectivity coefficient on the rock elastic properties are discussed. In addition, the sensitive parameters, which are sensitive to the change of organic content and total porosity, are optimized, and a rock physics crossing template for continental shales is established. Actual data have shown that the proposed model has good predictability, which can be used in the reservoir evaluation and seismic "sweet spot" for continental shale reservoir of Qingshankou Formation in Gulong Sag.
Based on the petrological and microtexture characters of continental shales of Qingshankou Formation in Gulong Sag, northern Songliao Basin, a combined modeling technique, including Kuster & Toks?z, self consistent, double-porosity and linear slippage modeling, is used to propose a complex pore structure rock physics model for the organic-rich shale. Based on the modeling results, the influence factors, the organic volume fraction, the fracture porosity, the matrix porosity, the pore aspect ratio and the pore connectivity coefficient on the rock elastic properties are discussed. In addition, the sensitive parameters, which are sensitive to the change of organic content and total porosity, are optimized, and a rock physics crossing template for continental shales is established. Actual data have shown that the proposed model has good predictability, which can be used in the reservoir evaluation and seismic "sweet spot" for continental shale reservoir of Qingshankou Formation in Gulong Sag.
引文
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[25] 赵佩,李贤庆,田兴旺,等.川南地区龙马溪组页岩气储层微孔隙结构特征[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(6):947-956.ZHAO Pei,LI Xianqing,TIAN Xingwang,et al.Study on micropore structure characteristics of Longmaxi Formation shale gas reservoir in the southern Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(6):947-956.
[26] 张晋言,孙建孟.利用测井资料评价泥页岩油气“五性”指标[J].测井技术,2012,36(2):146-153.ZHANG Jinyan,SUN Jianmeng.Log evaluation on shale hydrocarbon reservoir[J].Well Logging Technology,2012,36(2):146-153.
[2] 刘喜武,刘宇巍,霍志周,等.页岩油气层地震岩石物理计算方法研究[J].石油物探,2016,55(1):10-17.LIU Xiwu,LIU Yuwei,HUO Zhizhou,et al.Study on seismic rock physics computational method for shale reservoir[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2016,55(1):10-17.
[3] HORNBY B E,SCHWARTZ L M,HUDSON J A.Anisotropic effective-medium modeling of the elastic properties of shales[J].Geophysics,1994,59(10):1570-1583.
[4] 郭智奇,刘财,刘喜武,等.基于岩石物理模型的页岩油储层各向异性研究[J].应用地球物理,2016,13(2):382-392.GUO Zhiqi,LIU Cai,LIU Xiwu,et al.Research on anisotropy of shale oil reservoir based on rock physics model[J].Applied Geophysics,2016,13(2):382-392.
[5] VERNIK L,NUR A.Ultrasonic velocity and anisotropy of hydrocarbon source rocks[J].Geophysics,1992,57(5):727-735.
[6] VERNIK L,LIU X Z.Velocity anisotropy in shales:a petrophysics study[J].Geophysics,1997,62(2):521-532.
[7] SAYERS C M.Seismic anisotropy of shales[J].Geophysical Prospecting,2005,53:667-676.
[8] NICOLáS-LóPEZ R,VALDIVIEZO-MIJANGOS O C.Rock physics templates for integrated analysis of shales considering their mineralogy,organic matter and pore fluids[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2016,137:33-41.
[9] 张广智,陈娇娇,陈怀震,等.基于页岩岩石物理等效模型的地应力预测方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2015,58(6):2112-2122.ZHANG Guangzhi,CHEN Jiaojiao,CHEN Huaizhen,et al.Prediction for in-situ formation stress of shale based on rock physics equivalent model[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2015,58(6):2112-2122.
[10] 邓继新,王欢,周浩,等.龙马溪组页岩微观结构、地震岩石物理特征与建模[J].地球物理学报,2015,58(6):2123-2136.DENG Jixin,WANG Huan,ZHOU Hao,et al.Microtexture,seismic rock physics properties and modeling of Longmaxi Formation shale[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2015,58(6):2123-2136.
[11] GUO Z Q,LI X Y,LIU C,et al.A shale rock physics model for analysis of brittleness index,mineralogy and porosity in the Barnett Shale[J].Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,2013,10(2):52-61.
[12] JARVIE D M,COSKEY R J,JOHNSON M S,et al.The geology and geochemistry of die Parshall area,Mountrail County,North Dakota[C]//ROBINSON J W,LEFEVER J A,GASWIRTH S B.The Bakken-Three Forks petroleum system in the Williston Basin.Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists Bakken Guidebook.Tulsa:AAPG Press,2011.
[13] 王玉满,董大忠,李建忠,等.川南下志留统龙马溪组页岩气储层特征[J].石油学报,2012,33(4):551-561.WANG Yuman,DONG Dazhong,LI Jianzhong,et al.Reservoir characteristics of shale gas in Longmaxi Formation of the Lower Silurian,southern Sichuan[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(4):551-561.
[14] 韩超,吴明昊,吝文,等.川南地区五峰组—龙马溪组黑色页岩储层特征[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(3):14-22.HAN Chao,WU Minghao,LIN Wen,et al.Characteristics of black shale reservoir of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in the Southern Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2017,41(3):14-22.
[15] VOIGT W.Lehrbuch der Kirstallphysik:Teubner- Leipzig[M].New York:Macmillan,1928.
[16] KUSTER G T,TOKS?Z M N.Velocity and attenuation of seismic waves in two-phase media(part 1):theoretical formulations[J].Geophysics,1974,39(5):587-606.
[17] BUDIANSKY B.On the elastic moduli of some heterogeneous materials[J].Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids,1965,13(4):223-227.
[18] HILL R.A self-consistent mechanics of composite material[J].Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids,1965,13(4):213-222.
[19] YAN X F,TANG G,LU M H,et al.Rock physics model for tight sandstone with complex pore geometry[C/OL]//American Society of Civil Engineers Fifth Biot Conference on Poromechanics,Vienna University of Technology,Vienna Austria,July 10-12,2013.[2017-10-05].http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/9780784412992.009.html.
[20] SCHOENBERG M,SAYERS C M.Seismic anisotropy of fractured rock[J].Geophysics,1995,60(1):204-211.
[21] WOOD A W.A textbook of sound[M].New York:The MacMillan Co,1955:360.
[22] GASSMANN F.Elastic waves through a packing of spheres[J].Geophysics,1951,16(4):673-685.
[23] 姜在兴,张文昭,梁超,等.页岩油储层基本特征及评价要素[J].石油学报,2014,35(1):184-196.JIANG Zaixing,ZHANG Wenzhao,LIANG Chao,et al.Characteristics and evaluation elements of shale oil reservoir[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(1):184-196.
[24] 梁超,吴靖,姜在兴,等.有机质在页岩沉积成岩过程及储层形成中的作用[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(6):1-8.LIANG Chao,WU Jing,JIANG Zaixing,et al.Significances of organic matters on shale deposition,diagenesis process and reservoir formation[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2017,41(6):1-8.
[25] 赵佩,李贤庆,田兴旺,等.川南地区龙马溪组页岩气储层微孔隙结构特征[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(6):947-956.ZHAO Pei,LI Xianqing,TIAN Xingwang,et al.Study on micropore structure characteristics of Longmaxi Formation shale gas reservoir in the southern Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(6):947-956.
[26] 张晋言,孙建孟.利用测井资料评价泥页岩油气“五性”指标[J].测井技术,2012,36(2):146-153.ZHANG Jinyan,SUN Jianmeng.Log evaluation on shale hydrocarbon reservoir[J].Well Logging Technology,2012,36(2):146-153.